saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi

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3 saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi. yvela dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi. The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy paper summary can be found at the end of the publication. proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency 1

4 samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: arcil gegesize vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2012 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2012 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies 2

5 proeqtis Sesaxeb programa,,saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetileb daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebsi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estonetis diplomatiis skola (EDK). programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris angarisvaldebuli da itvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba otxi wlis manzilze ( ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi otxi komponentisgan: sajaro moxeleta profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikasi. konkursis gzit SerCeul qartvel sajaro moxeleebs qartveli, estoneli da Svedi eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobasi utareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amastan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis dokuments qveynisatvis aqtualur sakitxebze. am processi mat xelmzrvaneloben GFSIS-is eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg xdeba mati sajaro ganxilva da xuti sauketeso nasromi gamoicema. programis am komponents asrulebs saswavlogacnobiti viziti estonetsi. programis farglebsi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro moxeleta xuti jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufsi aris daaxloebit ocdaxuti monawile. trenerta momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebsi qartveli specialistebi qartul enaze SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis, molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjtsargeblianobis, proeqtis martvisa da Sefasebis sferoebsi. programis bolo ori nakadistvis swavleba qartul enaze tardeba. adamianuri resursebis martvis komponenti moicavs qartul sajaro samsaxursi adamianuri resursebis martvasi CarTul profesionalta Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis xelsewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis martvis sferosi maralkvalificiuri swavlebisatvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda. sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferosi samtavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdisa da kursdamtavrebulta prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gzit. 3

6 ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years ( ), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. The training will be conducted by Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HRmanagers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats. 4

7 TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis efeqtianobis gazrda saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministros kompetenciis farglebsi nino saginasvili mtavari specialisti evroatlantikur struqturebsi integraciis sammartvelos evrointegraciis ganyofileba, saertasoriso urtiertobebis departamenti saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministro r e z i u m e winamdebare nasromsi Cveni mizania ganvixilot TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis funqcionireba saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministros (Semdeg - Sss) WrilSi, Seafasos am kutxit danaxuli meqanizmis mimart arsebuli gamowvevebi da SemogvTavazos misi gaumjobesebis, efeqtianobis gazrdis SesaZleblobebi. martalia, qartul sinamdvilesi TavSesafris maziebelta sakitxi arasodes gamoirceoda gansakutrebuli aqtualurobita da politikuri simwvavit, Tumca, qveynis geopolitikuri mdebareobis gatvaliswinebit, is dris wesrigidan arc arasodes moxsnila da dres, saqartvelos liberaluri saimigracio politikisa da evrokavsirtan savizo rejimis gamartivebis miswrafebis fonze, arnisnuli sakitxis mnisvneloba TandaTanobiT izrdeba, radgan Ria sazrvrebis koncefcia, gamartivebul sasazrvro procedurebtan ertad, gulisxmobs saxelmwifos mier migraciis nakadebis efeqtian martvasac. am nawilsi gadamwyvetia Sss-is roli, radgan sapatrulo da sasazrvro policiis warmomadgenlebi, TavianTi uflebamosilebis farglebsi, uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifo sazrvris dacvas da, Sesabamisad, arian is saxelmwifo moxeleebi, vistanac pirveli Sexeba aqvt TavSesafris mazieblebs. amrigad, Sss-is TanamSromlebis mier TavSesafris maziebelta mirebasa da mattan mopyrobas, mat droul gadamisamartebas kompetentur organosi didi mnisvneloba aqvs mtliani referaluri meqanizmis gamartulad funqcionirebistvis. swored amitom winamdebare nasromi orientirebulia policielebis saqmianobis efeqtianobis gazrdaze referaluri meqanizmis formatsi da am miznis misarwevad gtavazobt sam alternativas: 1. arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewas; 2. Sss-is TanamSromlebis momzadebis donis amarlebas; 3. arafris Secvlas da status quo-s SenarCunebas. winamdebare nasromsi ganxiluli alternativebis fonze upiratesis arcevisas aqcenti gaketda saertasoriso rekomendaciebisa da sxva qveynebis sauketeso gamocdilebis gadmotanaze saqartvelos realobasi. Sesabamisad, metodologiis TvalsazrisiT, ganxorcielda avtoritetuli saertasoriso organizaciebisa da sasamartloebis masalebis analizi, satanado yuradreba daetmo Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi da saertasoriso maregulirebeli normebis Seswavlas, gaimarta konsultaciebi, romlis 39

8 P xelmisawvdomia: interviu P saxelmwifos amastan, Sedegadac gavitvaliswinet winamdebare nasromsi dasmul sakitxze momusave TiTqmis yvela uwyebis pozicia. amrigad, SeiZleba itqvas, rom warmodgenili rekomendaciebi da rcevebi problemis gadawris upiratesi alternativis gansazrvrisa da misi ganxorcielebis gzebtan dakavsirebit srulad asaxavs yvela dainteresebuli mxaris (e.w. `steikholderebis~) damokidebulebas da mtlianad Seesabameba saertasoriso standartebs. S e s a v a l i saqartvelo, Tavisi xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareobit, yoveltvis warmoadgenda ertgvar damakavsirebel rgols evropasa da azias Soris da rogorc satranzito qveyana, mnisvnelovan rols asrulebda saqartvelosi Tu saqartvelos gavlit mimdinare migraciuli procesebis martvisa da matze adekvaturad reagirebis TvalsazrisiT. es sakitxi Tanamedrove qartul sinamdvilesic ar kargavs aqtualurobasa da mnisvnelobas. amis ert-ert TvalsaCino magalitia wlebsi saqartvelos saxelmwifo sazrvris kvetis Sesaxeb Sss-is statistikuri monacemebi, romlis Tanaxmadac, ucxo qveynis moqalaqeta vizitebis raodenoba Tu 2006 wels Seadgenda s, 2012 wels 61 procentit gaizarda da Seadgina TPTP 55 nisandoblivia, rom bolo wlebsi, saxelmwifos mizanmimartuli TviTreklamirebis kampaniis, sazrvrebis liberalizaciisa da gamartivebuli saimigracio procedurebis 56 Sedegad, saqartvelo sul ufro metad mimzidveli qveyana xdeba ucxoelebistvis.tptp am kutxit danaxuli migraciuli procesis qartul konteqstsi ikveteba mteli rigi sakitxebisa, romlebic yuradrebas sawiroebs. aqedan ert-ertia TavSesafris maziebelta saqartvelosi Semosvla da amaze saxelmwifos efeqtiani reagireba. es problema gansakutrebit mnisvnelovania Sss-is kompetenciis formatsi, radgan saqartvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, vistanac TavSesafris mazieblebs pirvelad saxelmwifo sazrvarze aqvt Sexeba, arian sasazrvro policiis TanamSromlebi mwvane da lurji sazrvris kvetisas da sapatrulo policiis warmomadgenlebi sasazrvro gamtar punqtebsi. saqartvelos sazrvris kvetisas TavSesafris mazieblebi, romlebic gamoeqcnen devnas warmomsob qveyanasi, warmoadgenen gansakutrebit mowyvlad kategorias. Sesabamisad, Sss-is TanamSromlebis mxridan mat sawiroebaze jerovan reagirebas da mattvis satanado daxmarebis armocenas didi mnisvneloba eniweba, rom da 57 es pirebi daculi iyvnen 55 [ ]. 56 mark hulsttan, migraciis saertasoriso organizaciis warmomadgenloba saqartvelosi ( ). 57 mxridan reagirebis meqanizmi, romelic moqmedebs Sesabamisi samizne jgufis moixsenieben, ix., magalitad: [ ]. 40

9 ~, Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi da saertasoriso standartebis mixedvit. am TvalsazrisiT kidev ufro sagulisxmoa da humanitaruli statusebis saqartvelos kanonis mireba, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2012 wlis 18 marts. axalma kanonma, sxva sakitxebtan ertad, axleburad daaregulira sazrvris kvetis Semdeg TavSesafris mazieblebis mier adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifos organosadmi mimartvis procedurebi; aseve, referaluri meqanizmis formatsi ganisazrvra Sss-is kompetencias mikutvnebuli sakitxebi. am cvlilebebma, Tavis mxriv, dris wesrigsi daayena TavSesafris maziebelta SemosvlasTan dakavsirebuli policielebis saqmianobis efeqtianobis gazrda axali kanonis motxovnebis gatvaliswinebit. winamdebare nasromis mizania axali kanonis mirebastan dakavsirebit gamoikvlios, Tu ramdenad efeqtiania TavSesafris maziebelta mirebis da mattan mopyrobis pirobebi da SeimuSaos satanado rekomendaciebi am kutxit saqartvelosi arsebuli situaciis Semdgomi gaumjobesebis miznit. kvleva umtavresad itvaliswinebs Sss-is kompetencias, Tumca rekomendaciebis nawili aseve gankutvnilia sxva dainteresebuli saxelmwifo uwyebebistvisac. es, saboloo jamsi, nasromsi dasmuli problemis kompleqsurad gadawyvetas Seuwyobs xels. aqve gasatvaliswinebelia is SezRudvebi, rac Tan axlavs arnisnul kvlevas. nasromsi dasaxuli problema sakmaod mravalmxrivia da referaluri meqanizmis farglebsi Sss, pirobitad, or etapadaa CarTuli: pirveli _ sazrvris kvetisas potenciuri TavSesafris mazieblis identifikaciis etapze da meore _ usualod 58 statusis gansazrvris proceduris etapze.tptp samwuxarod, nasromis SezRuduli formatis gamo, Cvens dokumentsi ganxiluli iqneba Sss-is kompetencia referaluri meqanizmis mxolod sawyis etapze. rac Seexeba metodologias, nasromis mosamzadeblad SeviswavleT saqartvelosi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo baza da Sesabamisi saertasoriso standartebi; konsultaciebi gaviaret kvlevis TematikiT dainteresebul e.w. `steikholderebtan~, mat Soris, rogorc saxelmwifo, ise arasamtavrobo seqtortan, interviuebi Catarda profesormaswavleblebtanac; aseve gamovitxovet sajaro informacia. yovelive es ganxorcielda winamdebare nasromis Temis srulad Seswavlisa da analizis miznit. p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a TavSesafris mazieblebi warmoadgenen gansakutrebit mowyvlad kategorias. Sesabamisad, adamianis uflebebis dacvis mxriv didi mnisvneloba eniweba, Tu rogor reagirebs saxelmwifo am pirta motxovnebsa da sawiroebebze. 58 xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. muxli 25.a, 41

10 P P xelmisawvdomia: saqartvelo interviu ix.: ix.: P interviu Rirseulad P TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis funqcionirebis TvalsazrisiT saqartvelos drevandeli vitareba Semdegnairia: humanitaruli s 59 P. am siaxlem bevrad gaaumjobesa TavSesafris maziebelta mdgomareoba, rac warmoadgens askarad wingadadgmul nabijs; P 60 Pam fonze axal kanonsi ganisazrvra Sss-is, rogorc referaluri meqanizmis ert-erti wamyvani uwyebis, roli da kompetencia, rac Zvel kanonsi arc ki iyo naxsenebi. P 61 Pmagram, am dadebit cvlilebebtan ertad, isic unda arinisnos, rom axali kanonis debulebebi sakmaod zogadia da arasakmaris safuzvels warmoadgens, rom Sss-is TanamSromlebma yoveldriur saqmianobasi gamoiyenon. kanonis arsrulebis kutxit _ Sss-is TanamSromlebs utardebat saswavlo kursebi da treningebi ufleba-movaleobebis dazustebis da Semdgom mati sworad arsrulebis xelsewyobis miznit. Tumca rogorc Sss-is akademiis sabaziso 62 mosamzadebeli kursebi,tptp ise 63 gluki) mier organizebuli treningebitptp gankutvnilia gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisariatis (Semdeg _ mxolod sapatrulo policiis TanamSromlebisTvis da mesazrvre policielebi amgvar momzadebas ar gadian. arada, 64 TavSesafris mazieblebi saqartvelosi ukanonod ZiriTadad mwvane sazrvrit SemodianTPTP da amitom aucilebelia sasazrvro policiis warmomadgenlebs mosmenili hqondet am xalxtan satanado mopyrobis Tundac zepiri instruqciebi. yovelive zemotqmulis gatvaliswinebit SeiZleba itqvas, rom arsebuli situacia ar aris sagangaso, magram arc kmayofilebis safuzvels izleva. Sesabamisad, saqartvelos drevandel realobasi dris wesrigsi dgas referaluri meqanizmis efeqtianobis gazrda, rac Sss-is kompetenciis formatsi gulisxmobs sazrvris kvetisas TavSesafris maziebelta mirebisa da mattan mopyrobis pirobebis Semdgom gaumjobesebas, rac maqsimalurad iqneba misadagebuli am sferosi moqmed saertasoriso standartebs da uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifos mier nakisri saertasoriso valdebulebebis TPTP 65 Sesrulebas. nasromsi dasmuli problemis aqtualurobasa da masstabebs ganapirobebs bolo wlebsi saqartvelosi Semomsvlel TavSesafris maziebelta raodenobis askara mateba [ ]. 60 saqartvelos saxalxo damcvel adamianis uflebata da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~, 2011, gv , xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 61 ~, muxli 25, Sdr.: ~, xelmisawvdomia: [ ] [ ]. 63 Tamar marrazestan, glukis warmomadgenloba saqartvelosi ( ). 64 Tea duglazestan, saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministro ( ). 65 PsaqarTvelo ` xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 42

11 ix.: interviu interviu interviu ix.: interviu ix.: ix.: VI. P yvela glukis monacemebit, am pirta raodenoba Tu 2010 wels iyo 70, 2011 wels 80-mde 66 gaizarda;tptp xolo 2012 wlis agvistosi es ricxvi ukve 100-mde avida. TavSesafris maziebelta pirvel sameulsi warmomavlobis mixedvit Sedian: iranelebi, erayelebi da 67 rusebi (umtavresad CeCnebi).TPTP arnisnuli zrdis procesi kidev ufro daacqara saqartvelos sazrvrebis liberalizaciis politikam, romlis ert-erti TvalsaCino 68 magalitia irantan uvizo mimosvlis SemoReba;TPTP aseve TavSesafris 69 _ siriis krizisma, saidanac CeCen maziebelta Semosvlis SemTxvevaSi ki gadamwyvetia rusetis xelisuflebis mxridan mati devna da am fonze saqartvelos mier wlebis manzilze mat mimart gatarebuli humanitaruli 70 politika.tptp nasromsi dasmuli problemis aqtualurobas agretve ganapirobebs axali kanonis mireba da, Sesabamisad, misi swori arsrulebis uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba referaluri meqanizmis sawyis etapzeve, rac Sss-is kompetenciis farglebsi xvdeba. winaarmdeg SemTxvevaSi, marto saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisi debulebebis 71 arseboba,p P TavisTavad, problemas ver gadawyvets. rac Seexeba nasromsi dasmuli problemis politikur mizansewonilobas, am mxriv arsanisnavia saqartvelos miswrafeba evrokavsirsi gawevrianebisken; mit umetes, rom migracia da TavSesafari wamyvani Temebia evrokavsiristvis rogorc, zogadad, sagareo 72 politikis,p P ise, 73 konkretulad, saqartvelostan urtiertobis formatsi.p P Sesabamisad, rac uket ganxorcieldeba harmonizacia evrokavsiris standartebtan TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis Tundac sawyis etapze, mit ufro wingadadgmuli nabiji iqneba gawevrianebisken. referaluri meqanizmis efeqtianobis gazrda, yovelive zemotqmultan ertad, sakmaod kompleqsur problemasac warmoadgens da misi daregulirebis processi CarTulia sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyeba Tu saertasoriso organizacia, P 74 Tavisi kompetenciisa da interesebis gatvaliswinebit. magram sawyis etapze ZiriTadi dainteresebuli mxareebia: Sss-i da saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministro (Semdeg ltolvilta saministro). dainteresebuli mxareebis simcire ki, Tavis mxriv, referaluri meqanizmis sawyis etapzeve qmnis problemis uket gadawris ertgvar winapirobas. 66 UNHCR, Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, Geneva, 2011, gv. 21, cxrili 2, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 67 Tea duglazestan, zemot, sqolio mark hulsttan, zemot, sqolio zemot, sqolio Tamar marrazestan, zemot, sqolio zemot, sqolio [ ]. 73 qetevan xucisviltan, evrokavsiris delegacia saqartvelosi ( )

12 saqartvelos iqve, p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i ( a l t e r n a t i v e b i ) qvemot SemoTavazebulia problemis daregulirebis sami alternativa. esenia: pirveli _ arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewa; meore _ Sss-is TanamSromlebis momzadebis donis amarleba; mesame _ arafris Secvla, anu status quo-s SenarCuneba. I alternativa _ sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewa dasaxelebuli alternativa, upirveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs cvlilebebis Setanas da humanitaruli statusebis Sesa saqartvelos kanonsi. Sssis kompetenciis gansazrvrastan dakavsirebit (muxli 25) misi debulebebi Zalian zogadia da mxolod saxelmzrvanelo mimartulebebis dadgenit Semoifargleba; am fonze warmoudgenelia policielebma es yoveldriur saqmianobasi gamoiyenon. swored es garemoeba ganapirobebs kanonsi cvlilebebis Setanis sawiroebas da, Sesabamisad, arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewis aucileblobas. am alternativis gansaxorcieleblad an kanonsi Sss-is kompetenciis damazustebeli debuleba unda Sevides, an referalur meqanizmsi CarTuli saxelmwifo organoebis saxelmzrvanelo wesebis SemuSavebis valdebuleba unda aisaxos kanonsi, 75 rogorc es saxalxo damcvelis rekomendaciasia arnisnuli.tptp aqve unda itqvas, rom pirvel SemTxvevaSi sawiro iqneba kanonsi ara mxolod Sss-is, aramed yvela dainteresebuli mxaris kompetenciis damazustebeli debulebebis gatvaliswineba; magram dainteresebuli mxareebis simravlidan gamomdinare, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba gamoiwvevs mattan damatebiti konsultaciebis gamartvis aucileblobas da procesis gawianurebas, mit umetes, Tu gavitvaliswinebt, rom Tavad amrigad, 76 winamdebare qvetavsi ganxiluli alternativis formatsi uketesia aqcenti gaketdes saxalxo damcvelis rekomendaciaze, rac sazogadoebrivi mxardawerisa da politikuri mizansewonilobis kutxitac ufro gamartlebuli nabijia. arnisnuli valdebulebis asaxva kanonsi, Tavis mxriv, dris wesrigsi daayenebs kanonqvemdebare aqtis mirebis sawiroebas, sadac detalurad ganisazrvreba policielebis ufleba-movaleobebi TavSesafris mazieblebtan dakavsirebit. magram dres arsebuli vitarebit, sagulisxmoa, rom martvis saxelmwifo sazrvris ukve itvaliswinebs ltolvilta saministrosa da Sss-is ertoblivi brzanebis mirebas TavSesafris maziebelta sakitxebze TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelsic ufro konkretulad unda aisaxos: TavSesafris maziebelta mimart sazrvarze Sesabamisi procedurebis Catarebis wesi da arnisnul uwyebata Soris informaciis 75 saxalxo damcveli, ix. zemot, sqolio 6, gv. 208, ~ saqartvelos parlamentisadmi. 76 gv

13 ix. interviu xelmisawvdomia: iqve. xelmisawvdomia:,,saqartvelos P P P P P saqartvelos 77 gacvlis wesi.tptp es nisnavs, rom, sauketeso SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba daiwyos musaoba ertoblivi brzanebis proeqtze, kanonsi cvlilebebis Setanis paralelurad. ertoblivi brzaneba ki, Tavis mxriv, srulad pasuxobs ganxiluli alternativis mizans _ Sss-is kompetenciis dazustebas referaluri meqanizmis formatsi da amgvarad uzrunvelyofs am sferosi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewas. yovelive zemotqmulis gatvaliswinebit, SeiZleba itqvas, rom ganxiluli alternativis dadebiti mxarea: (1) arsebul sakanonmdeblo sivrcesi iseti cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba, romlebic detalurad gawers sazrvarze Sss-is TanamSromlebis ufleba-movaleobebs TavSesafris mazieblebis mirebisa da mopyrobisas; (2) Sesasruleblad savaldebulo Zalis mqone detaluri debulebebis arseboba ufro metad uzrunvelyofs mat gamoyenebas policielebis mier yoveldriur saqmianobasi; (3) arc kanonsi cvlilebebis Setana da arc ertoblivi brzanebis mireba 78 ar sawiroebs did xarjebs,tptp ar moitxovs saxelmwifo biujetidan damatebiti dafinansebis gamoyofas da ar warmosobs saxelmwifos axal finansur valdebulebebs. alternativis uaryofit mxares ki warmoadgens drois faqtori. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba drosi gawelili procesia, radgan moitxovs kanonmdeblobit gansazrvruli procedurebis zedmiwevnit dacvas; rac Seexeba ertoblivi brzanebis mirebas, martalia, is ar sawiroebs sakanonmdeblo procesis inicirebas, magram am SemTxvevaSi mainc gasatvaliswinebelia brzanebis proeqttan dakavsirebit konsultaciebis gamartvasa da poziciebis Sejerebaze daxarjuli dro, mit umetes _ rodesac saubaria detaluri maregulirebeli debulebebis SemuSavebaze. Tumca es procesi amit ar mtavrdeba. winamdebare nasromis saxelwodebis gatvaliswinebit, sawiro iqneba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketis momzadeba, sul 79 cota, Semdeg aqtebsi:p P saqmeta ministris brzaneba 6 saqmeta ministris brzaneba Sinagan saqartvelos Sinagan saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba _ saqartvelos sasazrvro policiis debulebis damtkicebis 82 gazrdis. P, rac alternativis ganxorcielebis dros kidev ufro _ sasualod 6 Tvemde _ II alternativa _ Sss-is TanamSromlebis mzadyofnis donis amarleba es alternativa gulisxmobs policielebis satanado momzadeba-gadamzadebas Sss-is sistemis farglebsi TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis 77 saxelmwifo sazrvris martvis strategia~, Tavi 5.3.2, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 78 danarti aleqsandre svanizestan, saqartvelosi gaeros asociacia ( ) [ ] [ ]. 45

14 EC, saqartvelos ix.: ix.: ix.: ix.: ix.: interviu 2008 P rata: P 2. P 3. efeqtianobis gazrdis misarwevad; es, ZiriTadad, unda ganxorcieldes sainformacio brosurebis daxmarebit, sapatrulo da sasazrvro policieltatvis saswavlo kursebisa da treningebis Catarebis gzit. sainformacio brosurebis sawiroebas ganapirobebs Semdegi garemoebebi: saertasoriso standartebis Tanaxmad, sazrvris kvetisas TavSesafris mazieblebs saxelmwifo organos warmomadgenelma mattvis gasagen enaze unda miawodos informacia TavSesafris motxovnis procedurebis Sesaxeb da ganumartos mati 83 ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobebi.tptp magram saqartvelos kanonmdebloba Sss-is TanamSromlebis mimart informirebis valdebulebas ar itvaliswinebs da mxolod ltolvilta saministros uflebamosil warmomadgenels akisrebs am 84 pasuxismgeblobas.tptp Sesabamisad, am fonze gansakutrebul aucileblobas izens, rom saqartvelos sazrvarze mdgom policielebs hqondet TavSesafris maziebeltatvis gankutvnili sainformacio brosurebi; mit umetes, rom amgvar praqtikas misdevs 85 evrokavsiris qveynebis didi nawili.tptp saqartvelosi aseti brosurebi TPTP 87 es procesi arar ganaxlebula.tptp Sesabamisad, 86 wels daibewda, magram momdevno wlebsi drevandel realobasi, axali kanonis mirebis fonze, ufro mwvaved dgas TavSesafris maziebeltatvis sainformacio brosurebis dabewdvis aucilebloba. es, Tavis mxriv, uzrunvelyofs mat pirvelad motxovnebsa da sawiroebaze Sss-is TanamSromlebis mzadyofnis donis gaumjobesebas, saertasoriso stardartebis Sesabamisad. sainformacio brosurebi sawiroa Tavad Sss-is TanamSromlebisTvisac, P mat moaxdinon sazrvarze TavSesafris maziebelta swori identificireba, es valdebuleba kidev ufro mnisvnelovania gansakutrebuli sawiroebis mqone pirebis SemTxvevaSi (mag., mzrunvelobis garese darcenili arasrulwlovnebi da a.s.); P droulad gadaamisamarton arnisnuli pirebi ltolvilta saministrosi da amgvarad uzrunvelyon referaluri meqanizmis gamartuli funqcionireba saqartvelosi; P TavSesafris mazieblebi ar gaabrunon ukan, sadac mat sicocxlesa da Tavisuflebas safrtxe emuqreba _ saertasoriso samartlis argazevebis (non-refoulement) principis Practical Handbook for Border Guards (Schengen Handbook), 2006, paragrafi 10.2, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 84 okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta ministris brzaneba vilis an humanitaruli statusis miniwebis proceduris damtkicebis Sesaxeb~, muxli 2.7, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 85 FRA, Country Factsheets Asylum seekers perspective, 2010, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 86 danarti aleqsandre svanizestan, zemot, sqolio EC, Guidelines for Integrated Border Management in the Western Balkans, 2007, gv. 105, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 89 UNHCR, Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: The 10-Point Plan in action, Geneva, 2011, gv , xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 90 mutatis mutandis: Ibid. 46

15 University saqartvelos ix.: interviu ix.: UNHCR, eleqtronuli treningebi 4. sapatrulo da Sesabamisad, darrvevit; TPTP 91 ar dasajon TavSesafris mazieblebi sazrvris ukanono kvetistvis, radgan aset dros isini saertasoriso samartlittptp da saqartvelos kanonmdeblobit TPTP dadgenil gamonaklissi xvdebian, mit umetes, rom arnisnuli dausjelobis praqtika glukma sauketeso gamocdilebad ariara. TPTP 94 saqartvelos sinamdvilesi policielebistvis gankutvnili sainformacio brosurebi bolos 2009 wels daibewda TPTP 95 srulad pasuxobda saertasoriso standartebs _ detalurad aregulirebda TavSesafris maziebelta sazrvarze mopyrobas da kompetentur organosi mat gadamisamartebas. TPTP 96 mas Semdeg es procesi sawiroebs ganaxlebas, mit umetes _ axali kanonis mirebis sapasuxod. radgan, saboloo jamsi, swored amgvari brosurebi uzrunvelyofs Sss-is TanamSromlebis momzadebis donis amarlebas, saqartvelos kanonmdeblobis zogadi, praqtikul saqmianobasi yovlad gamousadegari debulebebis fonze. rac Seexeba Sss-is TanamSromlebisTvis saswavlo kursebisa da treningebis Catarebas, saertasoriso standartebis Tanaxmad, didi mnisvneloba aqvs, rom sazrvarze mdgomi policielebi iyvnen satanadod momzadebuli (rogorc codnis, ise praqtikuli unarebis mxriv), rom TavSesafris maziebelta mireba moxdes adamianis am 97 mxriv, saqartvelosi sapatrulo policiis warmomadgenlebi Sss-is akademiasi sabaziso momzadebis kursis formatsi gadian specialur sagans _ sazrvris kvetastan dakavsirebuli kanonmdebloba da procedur (14sT.), romelic moicavs saqartvelos kanons da humanitaruli statusebis da, Sesabamisad, TavSesafris maziebelta Tematikasac; TPTP treningebsitptp, romelic policielebi agretve CarTuli arian ertjerad glukis organizebit yovelwliurad tardeba da romelsac ertoblivad uzrvebian glukis, saqartvelos gaeros asociaciis (Semdeg _ saga) da ltolvilta saministros warmomadgenlebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs 91 of Birmingham Center for the Study of Global Ethics, Ethics of Border Security, Frontex/64/2010, ix.: [ ] [ ]. 93 sisxlis samartlis kodeqsi, muxli 344, SeniSvna, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 94 UNHCR, zemot, sqolio 35, გვ aleqsandre svanizestan, zemot, sqolio UNHCR, zemot, sqolio Border Management and Protection of Refugees. Conference Report, Budapest, 2010, gv. 15, paragrafi 6, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; OSCE/ODIHR, Guidelines on Human Rights Education for Law Enforcement Officials, Warsaw, 2012, gv. 27, 32, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 98 mimowera vano xajaliastan, saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministros akademia ( ). 99 moicavs rogorc Teoriul, ise praqtikul komponentebs, ix.: interviu Tamar marrazestan, zemot, sqolio 9; interviu aleqsandre svanizestan, zemot, sqolio 25; interviu Tea duglazestan, zemot, sqolio

16 UNHCR, ix.: damokidebulia, ix.: interviu interviu iqve. interviu gluki referalur meqanizmsi CarTul uwyebebs Soris piradi kontaqtebis damyarebasa da 100 urtiertobebis garrmavebas,tptp saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisad TPTP 101. amrigad, glukis koordinirebit Catarebuli treningebi akmayofilebs saertasoriso motxovnebs da, Sesabamisad, arnisnul sferosi uzrunvelyofs patrulis momzadebis donis amarlebas, aseve _ TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis efeqtianobis gazrdasac. rasac ver vityvit Sss-is akademiis saswavlo kursebze, radgan zemoxsenebuli 14-saaTiani kursis formatsi, sauketeso SemTxvevaSi, 3,5-3,5 saati etmoba ltolvilta samartals da isic _ mxolod saqartvelos kanons; arada, glukis rekomendaciebis Tanaxmad, saswavlo kurikulumi calke sagnad unda moicavdes ltolvilta samartals da orientirebuli unda iyos rogorc Teoriuli codnis, ise TavSesafris maziebelta identificirebisa da mattan satanado mopyrobis 102 unarebis gamomusavebaze.tptp amastan, akademiis saswavlo kursebisa da glukis treningebis formatsi gasatvaliswinebelia kidev erti sakitxi: arsebuli mdgomareobit, orive meqanizmi vrceldeba mxolod sapatrulo policiis warmomadgenlebze da gamoricxavs sasazrvro policiis CarTulobas aset saganmanatleblo da kvalifikaciis asamarlebel programebsi. am xarvezis armofxvra martivad SeiZleba: Sss-is akademia, 103 sul mcire, grzelvadian perspeqtivasitptp, Tavad aris dainteresebuli SesTavazos kursantebs mat sawiroebaze maqsimalurad morgebuli saswavlo programebi da gaaumjobesos Sss-is momavali TanamSromlebis momzadebis done, saertasoriso standartebis sapasuxod; TPTP 104 ki gamoxatavs srul mzadyofnas, treningebi 105 Caataros mwvane da lurj sazrvarze mdgomi policielebistvisac,tptp ris sapasuxodac sakmarisia Sss-is struqturebsi amgvari proeqtebis koordinirebaze pasuxismgebeli adresatis gansazrvra da sakitxis dris wesrigsi dayeneba, misi aqtualurobis 106 xazgasma.tptp saboloo jamsi, arnisnuli RonisZiebebi mnisvnelovnad uzrunvelyofs ara marto patrulis, aramed Sss-is TanamSromlebis momzadebis donis amarlebas TavSesafris maziebelta TematikasTan dakavsirebit. yovelive zemotqmulis gatvaliswinebit, winamdebare qvetavsi ganxiluli alternativis dadebiti mxareebia: 1. sainformacio brosurebi da treningebi (garda akademiis kursebisa) Seesabameba saertasoriso standartebs. 2. drois faqtori: 107 brosurebis proeqtebi mzad aris da mat dabewdvas daaxleobit 2 kvira swirdeba,tptp zemot, sqolio 35, gv UNHCR, zemot, sqolio 43, gv. 15, paragrafebi 1, Sss-is akademiis axali xelmzrvanelobis xedvaze saswavlo programis sakitxta prioritetulobis Sefasebisas. 104 zemot, sqolio Tamar marrazestan, sqolio maka ferazestan, saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministro ( ). 107 aleqsandre svanizestan, zemot, sqolio 24 48

17 interviu interviu ix. CAT, ix. ix. ix. interviu sainformacio _ 108 akademiasi saswavlo programa mimdinareobs 3 kviris manzilze,tptp xolo 109 daaxloebit 2 Tves grzeldeba,tptp e.i. treningebi am alternativis ganxorcielebas mtlianad 3 Tve daswirdeba. 3. yvelaze mnisvnelovani faqtori _ aq warmodgenili RonisZiebebi ertaderti sasualebaa, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo regulirebis ararsebobis fonze, romelic imoqmedebs Sss-is TanamSromlebis momzadebis donis amarlebaze, rom satanado reagireba moaxdinon TavSesafris maziebelta motxovnebsa da sawiroebaze. am alternativis uaryofiti mxarea misi xarjianoba TPTP 110 miuxedavad imisa, rom brosurebisa da treningebis mtel xarjebs gluki faravs, am alternativis ganxorcieleba mainc yvelze met dafinansebas moitxovs. III alternativa _ arafris Secvla es alternativa gulisxmobs arsebuli vitarebis ucvlelad datovebas, anu zogadi sakanonmdeblo debulebebis moqmedebas, romelta gamoyeneba yoveldriur saqmianobasi SeuZlebelia; saswavlo kursebi da treningebi, romlebic am xarvezis armofxvris ertgvari sasualebaa, samwuxarod, utardeba marto sapatrulo policiis warmomadgenlebs; Sss-is akademiis kursebi ki ar Seesabameba saertasoriso standartebs; TPTP 111 brosurebi TavSesafris maziebeltatvis mozvelebulia (2008 wlis mdgomareobit) da ar itvaliswinebs axali kanonis motxovnebs; xolo romlis gansxvavdeba 2009 wlis versiisgan,tptp regulirebis dabewdvac wels igegmeba, marto samartlebriv bazas asaxavs da ar moicavs praqtikasi mati arsrulebis instruqciebs. saboloo jamsi, arnisnuli alternativa ver uzrunvelyofs saqartvelos Sss-is TanamSromlebis mxridan TavSesafris maziebelta motxovnebsa da sawiroebaze satanado, efeqtian reagirebas da, Sesabamisad, ar itvaliswinebs winamdebare nasromsi dasmuli problemis gadawras. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, arsanisnavia, rom am alternativis mnisvnelovani dadebiti mxarea dazogili xarjebi TPTP aris sagangaso. uaryofiti mxare ki 114, mit umetes, rom dres arsebuli vitareba ar is, rom mudmivad iqneba kitxvis nisnebi da mititebebi saertasoriso Semfasebeli misiebis moxsenebebsi saqartvelosi TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis gaumjobesebis Taobaze Sss-is 115 kompetenciis formatsi.tptp 108 maka ferazestan, zemot, sqolio Tamar marrazestan, zemot, sqolio danarti zemot, sqolio 47 da Sesabamisi teqsti 112 danarti aleqsandre svanizestan, zemot, sqolio danarti List of issues prior to the submission of the fifth periodic report of the Republic of Georgia, CAT/C/GEO/5, 19 January 2010, paragrafi 17, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. 49

18 interviu magram mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica alternati vebi Sedegianoba (1-10 qulebi) xarjian oba (lari) ganxorcie lebis vadebi (Tve) politikuri mizansewonil oba (1-10 qulebi) instituciuri mizansewonil oba (1-10 qulebi) beneficiaris kmayofilebis done (1-10 qulebi) I alt II alt III alt upiratesi alternativis SerCeva imtavitve unda itqvas, rom winamdebare nasromsi upiratesi alternativis gansazrvrisas gamoyenebulia metodi da pirobitad arebulia Sefasebis 10-quliani sistema. saqartvelosi bolodroindeli politikuri cvlilebebis gatvaliswinebit, daviwyot politikuri mizansewonilobis kriteriumit SefasebiT: am mxriv, me-3 alternativas aqvs yvelaze didi macvenebeli, radgan arsebuli mdgomareoba ar aris sagangaso, Tumca TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmi ramdenad efeqtianad da saertasoriso standartebtan Sesabamisad funqcionirebs saqartvelosi, es ukve problematuri Temaa da amitomac mieniwa 8 qula. rac Seexeba pirvel alternativas, im fonze, rom gaumjobesebuli kanoni axali mirebulia da met-naklebad akmayofilebs saertasoriso motxovnebs, saewvoa, am kutxit sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi axlo momavalsi ganxorcieldes, mit umetes, saqartvelostvis devnilta metad aqtualuri problemis gatvaliswinebit, amitom _ 7 qula. rac Seexeba me-2 alternativas, Sss-is akademiasi axali kursis damateba ltolvilta samartalze sakmaod grzelvadiani perspeqtivaa, sanam gluki efeqtianad afinansebs da axorcielebs am sferosi treningebs, amitom _ 6 qula. instituciuri mizansewonilobis TvalsazrisiT, me-3 alternativis farglebsi drevandeli situaciis motxovnebs Sss-is akademiasi arsebuli profesiuli da administraciuli SesaZleblobebi srulad pasuxobs, amitomac _ 10 qula. axali kursis damateba akademiis kurikulumsi, am mxriv mtlian surats ar cvlis da amitom me-2 alternativis Sedegebic Sefasebulia 10 qulit. rac Seexeba pirvel alternativas, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis sawyisi samusao proeqtebis ZiriTadi nawili sagam ukve SeimuSava,TPTP 116 ltolvilta saministro ratomrac awianurebs konsultaciebis dawyebas referalur meqanizmsi CarTul uwyebebtan, amitomac _ 9 qula. beneficiarta kmayofilebis donis mixedvit, savaldebulo da detaluri maregulirebeli debulebebis arseboba aucilebeli winapirobaa, rata sazrvarze mdgomma policielebma zustad icodnen TavianTi ufleba-movaleobebi TavSesafris 116 aleqsandre svanizestan, ix. zemot, sqolio

19 mazieblebtan dakavsirebit da, Sesabamisad, iyvnen daculi Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi Tu saertasoriso valdebulebebis darrvevisgan. magram es mxolod pirveli nabijia da TavisTavad ar aris sakmarisi, amitomac pirveli alternativis Sedegebi Sefasebulia 9 qulit. meore nabijia saganmanatleblo da kvalifikaciis asamarlebel kursebsa da treningebsi monawileoba, rata policielebma ganimtkicon codna, moaxdinon kanonis swori interpretireba da SeiZinon satanado praqtikuli unarebi. es efeqtiani komponentia, magram mxolod satanado sakanonmdeblo bazis arsebobis fonze; amitom me- 2 alternativis Sedegebs _ 8 qula, xolo me-3 alternativis formatsi akademiis zedapiruli kursebi da glukis ertjeradi treningebi Sefasebulia 7 qulit. Sedegianobis macveneblis formatsic ganmsazrvrelia, erti mxriv, satanado sakanonmdeblo bazis da, meore mxriv, akademiis Sesabamisi kursebis, treningebis da sainformacio brosurebis arseboba ertdroulad, rodesac meore komponenti pirvels azustebs da ki ar anacvlebs. Tumca gadamwyveti am ors Soris mainc gamartuli samartlebrivi regulirebis komponentia, TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis efeqtianobis gazrdis uzrunvelsayofad. winaarmdeg SemTxvevaSi, referaluri meqanizmis funqcionireba maqsimalurad damokidebulia calkeuli pirebis ketil nebaze da aranairi garantia ar arsebobs, rom praqtika iqneba Tanmimdevruli da ertgvarovani, Sesasruleblad savaldebulo debulebebis moqmedebis garese. amitomac pirveli alternativis Sedegebi Sefasebulia 9 qulit, xolo me-2 alternativisa _ 8 qulit. rac Seexeba me-3 alternativas, arsebuli vitareba ar aris sagangaso, Tumca srulad ver akmayofilebs saertasoriso standartebs, amitom _ 7 qula. matricis macveneblebze dayrdnobit, me-3 alternativa winamdebare nasromsi dasmuli problemis gadawris yvelaze naklebefeqtian gamosavals gvtavazobs. Tundac im fonze, rom am mimartulebas politikuri mizansewonilobis SedarebiT marali da xarjianobis yvelaze dabali macveneblebi aqvs, status quo-s SenarCuneba referaluri meqanizmis efeqtianobis gazrdaze saertod ar aris orientirebuli da, Sesabamisad, saertod ar uzrunvelyofs problemis gadawyvetas. amitom upiratesi alternativis arcevisas Tavidanve unda gamoiricxos. 1-li da me-2 alternativebis Sedarebis fonze _ sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewa drosi yvelaze gawelili alternativaa, Tanac, politikuri mizansewonilobis macvenebelic dabali aqvs. samagierod, am mimartulebis ganxorcielebis xarjianoba SedarebiT dabalia da, rac mtavaria, aqvs Sedegianobis marali done, radgan meti albatobaa, rom policieli Tavis saqmianobasi ufro gaitvaliswinebs Sesasruleblad savaldebulo samartlebrivi aqtis motxovnebs, vidre meore alternativis ganxorcielebis farglebsi mirebul zepir instruqciebs. amastan, evrokavsiris qveynebis praqtikis da saertasoriso standartebis Tanaxmad, TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis gamartuli funqcionirebis aucilebeli winapirobaa satanado 51

20 ix.: იხ.: UNHCR, 117 sakanonmdeblo bazis arseboba.tptp adamianis uflebata dacvis evropuli sasamartloc gansakutrebul yuradrebas utmobs samartlebrivi regulirebis farglebsi Sesabamisi procedurebis gamartulobas; amitomac sasamartlos saqmeebis did nawilsi aqcenti gaketda swored procedurul naklovanebebze, mat Soris, sazrvarze TavSesafris 118 maziebelta mirebisa da mopyrobisas.tptp amrigad, alternativebis Sedegebis Sefasebis safuzvelze, upiratesi alternativa aris arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewa. d a s k v n e b i d a r e k o m e n d a c i e b i migraciis procesis martvis sistemis gamartulad funqcionirebis aucilebeli winapirobaa qveyanasi moqmedi TavSesafris motxovnis meqanizmi iyos samartliani da efeqtiani, rac, pirvel rigsi, gulisxmobs sazrvarze TavSesafris maziebelta mirebis da 119 mattan mopyrobis detaluri debulebebis arsebobas.p P glukis am poziciis fonze SeiZleba itqvas, rom satanado sakanonmdeblo bazis arseboba saqartvelosi TavSesafris maziebelta referaluri meqanizmis moqmedebis formatsi warmoadgens im aucilebel nabijs, romelic Tavis droze ar gadaidga da am xarvezis armofxvra dremde xdeboda sxvadasxva ertjeradi sasualebebit, rogoricaa: brosurebi, kursebi, treningebi. sainformacio da saganmanatleblo proeqtebis roli arnisnul processi, ra Tqma unda, Zalian mnisvnelovania, magram mati danisnuleba arasworad iqna interpretirebuli qartul sinamdvilesi. masin, rodesac, saertasoriso standartebis Tanaxmad, pirvel rigsi qveyanasi unda arsebobdes sakitxis regulirebis Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo CarCo da mxolod amis Semdeg unda uzrunvelyon dasaxelebulma sasualebebma am debulebebis praqtikasi sworad ganxorcieleba; saqartvelosi es piriqit moxda, sainformacio da saganmanatleblo sasualebebma gadafares, Caanacvles referaluri meqanizmis gamartulad funqcionirebis sawyisi komponenti. amitomac arnisnul sferosi mdgomareoba yoveltvis iyo damakmayofilebeli da arasodes _ efeqtiani. metic, dres moqmedi referaluri meqanizmi maqsimalurad aris orientirebuli TavSesafris maziebelta individualuri SemTxvevebis daregulirebaze saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, rata am mxriv saertasoriso sazogadoebisgan kritika naklebi iyos. samagierod, is ar warmoadgens saxelmwifos mier winaswar dagegmili, kargad 117 FRA, zemot, sqolio inter alia, ECtHR, TGebremedhin [GaberamadhienT] v. France, T26/07/2007T xelmisawvdomia: Thttp://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i= [ ]; ECtHR, TAbdolkhani and Karimnia Tv. Turkey, T01/03/2010, Txelmisawvdomia: [ ]; ix. aseve: Mole, N., Meredith, C., Asylum and the European Convention on Human Rights, Strasbourg, 2010, gv , Txelmisawvdomia: T [ ]. 119 zemot, sqolio 43, gv

21 profesor ix.: gatvlili sistemuri midgomis Sedegs da amis ert-erti gamomwvevi mizezi aris swored satanado sakanonmdeblo regulirebis nakleboba. amastan gasatvaliswinebelia, rom saqartvelosi, sadac ar arsebobs aralegalta armocenis da gazevebis arc samartlebrivi, arc instituciuri mzadyofna, am fonze TavSesafris maziebelta qveyanasi SemoSvebis sakitxis ganxilvis mindoba sainformacio brosurebisa da zepiri instruqciebis mqone policielebistvis da Semdeg TiToeul 120 saqmeze 6-Tviani arsebiti ganxilvis warmoebap P - aris, sul mcire, udieri damokidebuleba saxelmwifo resursebis xarjvisadmi. Tanac, ratom unda gavimeorot 121 evropis Secdomebi.P P amis sanacvlod, jobia mati gamocdilebis gaziareba da es unda daviwyot arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewit _ evropul standartebtan SesabamisobaSi mosayvanad. yovelive zemoarnisnulis gatvaliswinebit, winamdebare nasromsi dasaxuli miznis misarwevad da upiratesi alternativis gansaxorcieleblad, rekomendebulia gadaidgas Semdegi nabijebi: 1. saxelmzrvanelo wesebis SemuSavebis valdebuleba referalur meqanizmsi CarTuli saxelmwifo organoebis mier. kanonis debulebebi imdenad zogadia, rom Sss-is TanamSromlebi ver axerxeben mat gamoyenebas yoveldriur saqmianobasi. am fonze, mizansewonilia, kanonsi Sevides cvlileba Sss-is da sxva relevanturi uwyebebis kompetenciis dazustebis Taobaze. 2. ltolvilta saministrosa da Sss-is ertoblivi brzanebis mireba TavSesafris maziebelta sakitxebze TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. pirveli rekomendaciit gatvaliswinebuli valdebulebis asaxva kanonsi TavisTavad moitxovs kanonqvemdebare aqtis mirebas, sadac detalurad ganisazrvreba Sss-is TanamSromlebis ufleba-movaleobebi TavSesafris brzanebis mireba. 3. glukisa da migraciis saertasoriso organizaciis ertoblivi kitxvari _ rogorc ltolvilta saministrosa da Sss-is ertoblivi brzanebis danarti. es kitxvari warmoadgens praqtikul damxmare sasualebas policielebistvis, rata mat: erti mxriv, moaxdinon sazrvarze pirta swori identificireba da mati kompetentur organosi gadamisamarteba da, meore mxriv, Seagrovon da 122 gaaanalizon informacia, rom saxelmwifom uket martos migraciis procesi.p P vi piter van krikenis sajaro leqcia ltolvilta samartalze, iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, ( ). 122 UNHCR, zemot, sqolio 35 gv

22 arnisnuli rekomenciebi, upirveles yovlisa, gamiznulia Sss-isTvis, winamdebare nasromis kvlevis sagnis gatvaliswinebit. Tumca, rekomendebulia, amgvari nabijebi gadadgan referalur meqanizmsi CarTulma sxva uwyebebmac, gansakutrebit _ pirvel rekomendaciastan dakavsirebit. g a m o y e n e b u l i l i t e r a t u r a 1. saqartvelos saxalxo damcveli, saxalxo damcvelis angarisi saqartvelosi adamianis uflebata da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis, 2011, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 2. CAT, List of issues prior to the submission of the fifth periodic report of the Republic of Georgia, CAT/C/GEO/5, 19 January 2010, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 3. EC, Guidelines for Integrated Border Management in the Western Balkans, 2007, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 4. EC, Practical Handbook for Border Guards (Schengen Handbook), 2006, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 5. FRA, Country Factsheets Asylum seekers perspective, 2010, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 6. TMole, N., Meredith, C., Asylum and the European Convention on Human Rights, Strasbourg, 2010T, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 7. OSCE/ODIHR, Guidelines on Human Rights Education for Law Enforcement Officials, Warsaw, 2012, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 8. UNHCR, Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, Geneva, 2011, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 9. UNHCR, Border Management and Protection of Refugees. Conference Report, Budapest, 2010, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 10. UNHCR, Refugee Protection and Mixed Migration: The 10-Point Plan in action, Geneva, 2011, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 11. University of Birmingham Center for the Study of Global Ethics, Ethics of Border Security, Frontex/64/2010, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. samartlebrivi aqtebi: 1. konvencia ltolvilta statusis Sesaxeb, 1951, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 2. saqartvelos kanoni, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 3. saqartvelos kanoni da humanitaruli statusebis, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 54

23 4. saqartvelos kanoni, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 5. saqartvelos parlamentis dadgenileba,,ltolvilta statusis konvenciisa da statusis oqmis, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 6.,,saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sazrvris martvis, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 7. saqartvelos sisxlis samartlis kodeqsi, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 8. saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta ministris brzaneba 100 an humanitaruli statusis miniwebis proceduris damtkicebis, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 9. saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta ministris brzaneba 634 Sinagan saqmeta saministros sapatrulo policiis departamentis debulebis damtkicebis, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]; 10. saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta ministris brzaneba 786 Sinagan saqmeta saministros saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba - saqartvelos sasazrvro policiis debulebis damtkicebis, xelmisawvdomia: [ ]. sasamartlo saqmeebi: 1. ECtHR, TAbdolkhani and Karimnia Tv. Turkey, T01/03/2010, Txelmisawvdomia: Thttp://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i= [ ]; 2. ECtHR, TGebremedhin [GaberamadhienT] v. France, T26/07/2007, xelmisawvdomia: Thttp://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i= [ ]. sxva: 1. eleqtronuli mimowera vano xajaliastan, saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministros akademia ( ); 2. interviu aleqsandre svanizestan, saqartvelosi gaeros asociacia ( ); 3. interviu Tamar marrazestan, glukis warmomadgenloba saqartvelosi ( ); 4. interviu Tea duglazestan, saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministro ( ); 5. interviu maka ferazestan, saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministro ( ); 6. interviu mark hulsttan, migraciis saertasoriso organizaciis warmomadgenloba saqartvelosi ( ); 7. interviu qetevan xucisviltan, evrokavsiris delegacia saqartvelosi ( ); 8. profesor piter van krikenis sajaro leqcia ltolvilta samartalze, iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti ( ). internetgverdebi: [ ]; [ ]; [ ]; [ ]. 55

24 d a n a r T i xarjebis daangariseba danarti 1 1. pirveli alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjebi: am alternativis ganxorcielebis processi CarTuli arian Sss-is da ltolvilta saministros personali, aseve _ glukis da sagas eqspertebi, magram am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis xarjebi saxelmwifo biujetidan ar finansdeba da amitom daangarisdeba marto saxelmwifo moxeleebis xelfasi: 1 saxelmwifo moxelis sasualo xelfasi 900 lari TveSi (e.i. 25 samusao dresi) 1 dresi (8 samusao saati) 36 lari 1sT. 4,5 lari am alternativis ganxorcielebis farglebsi gadasadgmeli nabijebia: im fonze, rom sagam sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis sawyisi samusao versiebi da ertoblivi brzanebis proeqti ukve SeimuSava, sawiroa marto Sss-isa da ltolvilta saministros warmomadgenlebs Soris gaimartos konsultaciebi da Sss-m moamzados proeqtebis samartlebrivi eqspertiza/daskvna. amatgan: 1) da humanitaruli statusebis kanonsi cvlilebis Setanis Taobaze da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketis momzadebis Taobaze konsultaciebis gamartvistvis da or saministros Soris poziciebis SejerebisTvis sakmarisia 1 samusao Sexvedra, romelic gagrzeldeba daaxloebit 4 st. 8 saxelmwifo moxelis monawileobit. 1 st. (1 moxeleze) 4,5l. 4 st. (1 moxeleze) 18l. 18 l. X 8 moxele = 144 lari erti Sexvedris formatsi gaweuli administraciuli xarjebi: komunaluri xarjebi + dasalevi wyali monawileebistvis (1 moxeleze) 2 l. 8 (moxele) X 2 l. = 16 lari; magram es cifri ararealisturia, amitom _ 2 l. X 4 (moxele) = 8 lari manqanis benzinis xarji (1 manqanaze) 4 l. + 4 l. = 8 l. (sasualod avirot 2 manqanis xarji) e.i. erti Sexvedris formatsi gaweuli xarjebi moicavs: 144 l. (monawileta xelfasi) + 16 l. (administraciuli xarjebi 8 l. + 8l.) = 160 lari 2) zemoxsenebul proeqtebze Sss-is mier samartlebrivi eqspertizis ganxorcieleba. ufro konkretulad, proeqtebi gaigzavneba Sss-is iuridiuli, sapatrulo policiis, sasazrvro policiis, saertasoriso urtiertobebis departamentebsi; TiToeuli ganyofilebidan, sasualod, 1 TanamSromels daewereba proeqtebi da is, daaxleobit, 3 st.-s daxarjavs Sesrulebaze. 56

25 e.i. proeqtebze Sss-is daskvnis dadebaze daixarjeba: 4 (moxele) X 4,5l. (1sT.) = 18 lari 18l. X 3sT. = 54 lari 3) Sss-isa da ltolvilta saministros ertoblivi brzanebis proeqtze konsultaciebis gamartvistvis da teqstis SejerebisTvis sawiro iqneba, daaxleobit, 3 samusao Sexvedris Catareba, TiTo 5-saaTiani, 10 moxelis monawileobit. 10 (moxele) X 4,5 l. (1sT.) = 45 lari 45 l. X 5sT. = 225 lari e.i. erti Sexvedra 225 l. 3 (Sexvedra) X 225 l. = 675 lari erti Sexvedris formatsi daxarjuli administraciuli xarjebi: komunaluri xarjebi + dasalevi wyali monawileebistvis (1 moxeleze) 2l. 10 (moxele) X 2l. = 20 lari; magram es cifri ararealisturia, amitom: 2l. X 5 (moxele) = 10 lari manqanis benzinis xarji (1 manqanaze) 4l. + 4l. = 8l. (sasualod, avirot 2 manqanis xarji) e.i. 1 Sexvedris formatsi gaweuli xarjebi moicavs: 675l. (monawileta xelfasi) + 18l. (administraciuli xarjebi 10l. + 8l.) = 693 lari 4) ertoblivi brzanebis proeqtze Sss-is mier samartlebrivi eqspertizis ganxorcieleba. amistvis proeqti gaigzavneba Sss-is iuridiuli, sapatrulo policiis, sasazrvro policiis, saertasoriso urtiertobebis departamentebsi; TiToeuli ganyofilebidan, sasualod, ert TanamSromels daewereba proeqti da is, daaxleobit, 8 st.-s daxarjavs Sesrulebaze. e.i. proeqtze Sss-is daskvnis dadebaze daixarjeba: 4 (moxele) X 4.5l. (1sT.) = 18 lari 18 l. X 8 st. = 144 lari saerto jamsi, pirveli alternativis ganxorcielebaze daixarjeba 1050 lari 2. meore alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjebi: Sss-is akademiasi axali saswavlo kursi ltolvilta samartalze moicavs 12 saats (daaxloebit: 1 dre 6 st.); Sesabamisad, xarjebi gawerilia 2 dreze: kveba 20l. (1 dresi 1 adamianze) + 20 l. = 40 lari komunaluri xarjebi 2 l. (1 dresi 1 adamianze) + 2 l. = 4 lari sakancelario xarjebi 2 l. (orive dresi 1 adamianze); jamsi _ 2 lari 57

26 ix.: xelmisawvdomia: leqtoris xelfasi - (1000 l. TveSi, anu 25 samusao dreze) 40 l. (1dReSi 1 leqtorze) + 40 l. = 80 lari xarjebi daangarisebulia 1 adamianze da gasarkvevia, ramdeni piri eswreba kurss. am mxriv, gasatvaliswinebelia, rom saswavlo kursebi unda Cautardes kursantebs _ rogorc sapatrulo policiis fakultetis (2 kursi: patrul-inspeqtorta momzadebis zogadi sabaziso kursi da mesazrvre-kontroliorta specialuri momzadebis sabaziso kursi), ise sasazrvro policiis fakultetis (2 kursi: saxmeleto sazrvris dacvis departamentis da sanapiro dacvis departamentis momavali TanamSromlebis mosamzadebeli kursebi) kurikulumebis formatsi. arnisnulis gatvaliswinebit da Sss- 123 is akademiis saitze gantavsebul informaciaze,tptp mat Soris, kursebis Catarebis dayrdnobit, sixsirisa da monawileta raodenobis 2012 wlis 124 statistikazetptp SesaZlebelia vupasuxot zemot dasmul SekiTxvas: sapatrulo policiis fakultetidan _ 52 kursanti: 35 (monawile _ me-10 programis farglebsi) + 17 (monawile _ me-8 programis farglebsi) = 52 sasazrvro policiis fakultetidan _ 194 kursanti: 64 (monawile _ me-12 programis farglebsi) + 56 (monawile _ me-13 programis farglebsi) = 120 saerto jamsi: = 172 kursanti Sesabamisad: kveba 40 l. (1 kacze) X 172 = 6880 lari komunaluri xarjebis daangarisebisas: 4 l. (orive dris xarji) X 172 (kursanti) = 688 l., magram es cifri ararealisturia; amitom _ 4 l. (1 kursantze) X 50 = 200 lari sakancelario xarjebis daangarisebisas: 2 l. (orive dris xarji) X 172 (kursanti) = 344 l., magram es cifri ararealisturia; amitom _ 2 l. (1 kursantze) X 50 = 100 lari leqtoris xelfasi 80 lari (2 dreze) saerto jamsi, meore alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjia 7260 lari 3. mesame alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjebi: Sss-is akademiasi arsebuli mdgomareobit, 14-saaTiani saswavlo kursis formatsi TavSesafris maziebelta Tematikas etmoba daaxloebit 3 saati/3 saati da 30 wuti. e.i [ ] [ ]. 58

27 ix.: xelmisawvdomia.: Tu davitvlit mtliani kursis xarjebs, masin SesaZlebelia vivaraudot, rom am xarjebis meotxedi ixarjeba mesame alternativis ganxorcielebaze. amrigad, arsebuli mdgomareobit, 14-saaTiani (daaxloebit, 1 dre - 7sT., e.i. 2- driani) kursis xarjebia: kveba 20 l. (1 dresi 1 admianze) + 20 l. = 40 lari komunaluri xarjebi 2 l. (1 dresi 1 adamianze) + 2 l = 4 lari sakancelario xarjebi 2 l. (orive dresi 1 adamianze); jamsi _ 2 lari leqtoris xelfasi (1000 l. TveSi, anu 25 samusao dreze) 40 l. (1 dresi 1 leqtorze) + 40 l. = 80 lari xarjebi daangarisebulia 1 adamianze da gasarkvevia, ramdeni piri eswreba kurss. am mxriv, sainteresoa Sss-is akademiis saitze gantavsebuli informacia, romlis Tanaxmadac, akademiis kurikulumsi TavSesafris maziebelta Tematikas faravs 125 sapatrulo policiis fakultetis 2 kursi (me-8 da me-10)tptp da 126 raodenobis 2012 wlis statistikazetptp dayrdnobit, dasmul SekiTxvas: am kursebsi monawileta SesaZlebelia vupasuxot zemot 35 (monawile _ me-10 programis farglebsi) + 17 (monawile _ me-8 programis farglebsi) = 52 Sesabamisad: kveba 40l. (1 adamianze) X 52 = 2080 lari komunaluri xarjebis daangarisebisas: 4 l. (orive dris xarji) X 52 (kursanti) = 208 l., magram es cifri ararealisturia; amitom: 4l. (1 kursantze) X 15 = 60 lari sakancelario xarjebis daangarisebisas: 2 l. (orive dris xarji) X 52 (kursanti) = 104 l., magram es cifri ararealisturia; amitom: 2 l. (1 kursantze) X 15 = 30 lari leqtoris xelfasi 80 lari (2 dreze) amrigad, saerto xarjia 2250 lari; aqedan daaxleobit meotxedi ixarjeba 3sT./3,5sT.-ian leqciebze TavSesafris maziebelta Tematikaze, anu mesame alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjia: 570 lari [ ]. [ ]. 59

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29 Nino Saginashvili Chief Specialist at Euro Integration Unit Euro-Atlantic Integration Division, International Relations Department Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia Increasing the Efficiency of the Referral Mechanism for Asylum Seekers within the Competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia S U M M A R Y The aim of the public policy document, Increasing the Efficiency of the Referral Mechanism for Asylum Seekers within the Competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, is to promote the review of the operation of the referral mechanism for asylum seekers in the context of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (hereinafter MIA), the assessment of the challenges of the mechanism seen from this angle and the presentation of the capacities to improve it and increase its efficiency. Although the issue of asylum seekers in Georgia has never been exceptionally relevant or politically sensitive given the geopolitical location of the country, it has never been removed from the agenda. Today, in light of the liberal immigration policies and aspirations towards visa facilitation with the EU, the significance of this issue is gradually increasing since, besides simplified border procedures, the concept of open borders also implies effective governance of migration flows by the State. The role of the MIA in this sector is crucial since the administrative and border police officers, within their competence, ensure the protection of the state border and, therefore, are the state officials with whom asylum seekers have first contact. Thus, the reception and treatment of asylum seekers by MIA personnel and their timely redirection to a competent agency is of vital importance to the proper operation of the entire referral mechanism. The present study, therefore, focuses upon the effectiveness of police activities in the context of the referral mechanism and offers three alternatives for this purpose: 1. improvement of the existing legal framework, 2. raising the level of preparedness of MIA personnel and 3. changing nothing and maintaining the status quo. In selecting a preferred alternative against the background of proposed options, the paper focuses upon transferring international recommendations and best practices of other countries to the Georgian reality. Accordingly, in terms of a methodology, an analysis of the materials of authoritative international organisations and courts was conducted, due attention was paid to the study of intranational and international regulatory standards and consultations were held which resulted in the positions of almost all agencies working on the issues raised in the present paper being taken into account. Thus, it can be said that the proposed recommendations and advice regarding the identification of the preferred solution to the problem and ways for its implementation fully reflect the attitude of the stakeholders and fully comply with international standards. 101

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