Seed. Seed. Seed. Logistic regression equation height. (n=64) (m) length. thick- potential. shape. pancy (mm) ness. (mm) sheep (%)

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1 Ecography E5049 Adriaens, D., Honnay, O. and Hermy, M Does retention affect the distribution of plant species in highly fragmented calcareous grasslands. Ecography 30: Appendix 1. Overview of the species (n = 180) used for analysis and the group they belong to (Gr: S, specialist; G, generalist), dispersal type (D: 1, anemochorous; 2, epizoochorous; 3, endozoochorous; 4, autochorous or myrmecochourous), their morphology (H, hooks; E, elongated; F, flat; B, balloon; N, no appendages),, number and size, calculated retention s (Römermann et al. 2005) and patch occu within the study area (number of fragments = 64). Good of fit test results of the individual species models are provided (Sig.), as well as the standardized logistic regression coefficients and their significance. ***p 0.0; **0.0 < p 0.; *0. < p 0.05; 0.05 < p 0.1 Species sheep Aceras anthropophorum S N E E E-06 Acinos arvensis S N * -5.81E E- 3.82E-06 Agrimonia eupatoria S 2 H * -1.76E-05-2.E- 3.84E-06 Allium oleraceum S N E E E-08 Allium sphaerocephalon S N * -4.23E E- 6.22E-06

2 sheep Anthericum liliago S N E E- Anthyllis vulneraria S 1 B E E- Arabis hirsuta S N E E- Arenaria serpyllifolia S 4 N E E- Asperula cynanchica S N E E- Aster linosyris S E E E- Astragalus glycyphyllos S N * 2.27E E- Bupleurum falcatum S N ** -3.86E E- Buxus sempervirens S N *** -6.47E E- Carex caryophyllea S B E E- Carex flacca S 4 B * 3.78E-04-5.E E E E E E E-05 * -2.87E E E E E-06

3 sheep Carlina vulgaris S 1 E ** 1.52E E- 2.84E-07 Centaurea scabiosa S 1 E ** -1.26E E- 1.44E-06 Cerastium pumilum S N E E E-06 Cirsium acaule S E ** 3.34E-04 * 5.76E E Clematis vitalba S E E E E-07 Clinopodium vulgare S 4 N E E E-06 Echium vulgare S N * 2.39E E- 9.26E-07 Epipactis atrorubens S N E E- 3.65E-06 Erophila verna S N * -1.90E E- 3.55E-06 Euphorbia cyparissias S N E E E-06 Festuca lemanii S E * 2.53E E E-06 Fragaria viridis S N E E- 1.57E-06

4 sheep 04 Galium pumilum S N E E- 04 Galium verum S 4 N E E- Genista tinctoria S N E E- Genistella sagittalis S N E E- Gentianella germanica S N E E- Geranium columbinum S 2 N E E- Geranium sanguineum S N ** 1.31E E- Globularia bisnagarica S E * 3.07E E- Gymnadenia conopsea S 1 N * 2.56E E- Helianthemum nummularium S 2 N ** -4.70E E- Helleborus foetidus S N * 2.04E E- 2.28E E E-07 4.E E E E E E E E-06

5 sheep Himantoglossum hircinum S N E E- 2.07E-06 Hippocrepis comosa S N E-05 1.E- 2.13E-07 Inula conyzae S 1 N E E- * 4.94E-06 Koeleria macrantha S B * -3.69E E- 3.30E-06 Leontodon hispidus S 1 E ** 3.14E-04 ** 2.39E E-06 * Medicago lupulina S 4 N E E- 5.22E-07 Melica ciliata S E * 3.59E E E-08 Minuartia hybrida S N E E E-06 Onobrychis viciifolia S N E E E-06 Ononis repens S 4 N E E- 3.E-07 Ophrys insectifera S N E E E-06 Orchis mascula S 1 N E E- 4.68E-07

6 sheep Origanum vulgare S 4 B E E- Picris hieracioides S E E E- Pimpinella saxifraga S 4 N E E- Plantago media S N E E- Platanthera chlorantha S 1 N ** 1.13E E- Poa compressa S B E E- Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia S B E E- Polygala comosa S N E E- Polygala vulgaris S 4 N E E- Polygonatum odoratum S N * -4.70E E- Potentilla neumanniana S N E E E-07 * -4.94E E E E E E E E E E-06

7 sheep Primula veris S 4 N E E- 6.22E-07 Prunella laciniata S N E E E-06 Ranunculus bulbosus S 2 N E E E-07 Sanguisorba minor S 4 N * 2.69E E- 2.26E-05 Saxifraga tridactylites S 4 N E E- 8.88E-07 Scabiosa columbaria S 2 E * -2.33E E- 6.83E-06 Sedum acre S 1 N E E- 6.80E-07 Sedum album S N E E- 1.58E-06 Sedum rupestre S N * -2.E E- 5.28E-07 Seseli libanotis S F E E E-06 Sesleria caerulea S B ** 1.31E E- 3.82E-06 Silene nutans S N E E E-07

8 sheep Teucrium botrys S N E E- 8.84E Teucrium chamaedrys S N * 2.54E E- 4.53E-06 Thlaspi perfoliatum S N E E E-07 Thymus praecox S N ** 4.71E E- ** -3.62E-07 Thymus pulegioides S N E E E-07 Verbascum lychnitis S N E E- 6.43E-07 Veronica arvensis S 4 N E E- 6.48E-07 Veronica prostrata subsp. scheereri S N * 2.14E E- * -6.94E-06 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria S E E E- 4.64E-07 Viola hirta S 4 N ** -4.58E E- 4.51E-05 Acer campestre G 1 F E E E-06

9 sheep Acer pseudoplatanus G 1 F E E E-07 Achillea millefolium G 1 N E E E-08 Agrostis capillaris G B E E E-07 Agrostis stolonifera G 1 B E E E-06 Ajuga reptans G 4 N E E E-07 Allium vineale G N ** -2.82E E- 9.57E-06 Arrhenatherum elatius G 2 B E E E-06 Arum maculatum G 3 N E E E-06 Asplenium ruta-muraria G 1 N E E E-08 Asplenium trichomanes G 1 N E E E-06 Avenula pubescens G 2 E E E- 4.83E-06 Betula pendula G F E E E-07

10 sheep Briza media G B E E- Campanula rotundifolia G 4 N E E- Carpinus betulus G F E E- Centaurea jacea G N E E- Cerastium arvense G N E E- Cerastium fontanum G 4 N E E- Cirsium arvense G 1 E E E- Cirsium vulgare G 1 E E E- Colchicum autumnale G N E E- Convolvulus arvensis G 3 N E E- Cornus sanguinea G N * -8.45E E- 3.89E E-06 * -4.49E E E E E E-06 * -1.51E E E-06

11 sheep Corylus avellana G 4 N , E E E-07 Crataegus monogyna G 3 N E E- 7.67E-06 Cytisus scoparius G N E E E-06 Dactylis glomerata G B E E E-07 Daucus carota G 2 H E E E-06 Digitalis lutea G N E E- 1.45E-06 Epilobium angustifolium G 1 E E E- 1.45E-06 Euonymus europaeus G 3 N E E- 8.69E-07 Fagus sylvatica G 4 H E E E-07 Fragaria vesca G 3 N E E- 3.85E-07 Fraxinus excelsior G 1 F * -1.36E E- 2.E-06 Galium aparine G 2 H E E E-05

12 sheep Galium mollugo G N E E- Geranium robertianum G 2 E E E- Geum urbanum G 2 H E E- Glechoma hederacea G 4 N E E- Hedera helix G N E E- Heracleum sphondylium G 1 N * -1.79E-05-3.E- Hieracium pilosella G 1 E ** 5.54E-04 * -7.72E- Hypericum perforatum G 4 N * -6.17E E- Hypochoeris radicata G 1 E E E- Juniperus communis G N E E- Knautia arvensis G 2 E E E- 1.92E-06-8.E E E E-08 * 1.98E E E-06 * 1.83E E E-07

13 sheep Lathyrus pratensis G 4 N E E E-07 Lepidium campestre G 2 N ** -1.13E E- 5.95E-06 Leucanthemum vulgare G N E E E-07 Ligustrum vulgare G 3 N * -1.29E E- 7.13E-06 * Linaria vulgaris G 4 N E E E-06 Linum catharticum G 4 N ** 3.07E E- 4.94E-06 Listera ovata G 1 N ** 1.86E E- ** -7.31E-06 * Lonicera periclymenum G 3 N E E E-06 Lotus corniculatus G N *** 1.65E E- 1.07E-05 Luzula campestris G 4 N E-05-3.E- 2.95E-06 Melica nutans G N E E E-05 Mercurialis perennis G 4 N E E- 2.17E-06

14 sheep Myosotis arvensis G 2 N E E- Plantago lanceolata G 2 N * -2.12E E- Plantago major G N E E- Populus tremula G E E E- Potentilla reptans G 3 N E E- Prunella vulgaris G 2 N E E- Prunus avium G 3 N E E- Prunus spinosa G 3 N E E- Quercus petraea G N E E- Quercus robur G N , E E- Ranunculus acris G 2 N E E E E E E E E E E E E E-07

15 sheep Rhamnus cathartica G N E E- 5.43E-07 Ribes uva-crispa G 3 N E E E-06 Rosa canina G N E E- 5.85E-06 Rosa micrantha G N * -7.E E- 7.40E-06 Rubus idaeus G 3 N E E E-06 Salix caprea G E E E E-05 Salix cinerea G E ** -2.18E-04 * -3.91E- 1.80E-05 * Senecio erucifolius G N E E E-06 Senecio jacobaea G 1 E E E E-07 Solidago virgaurea G 1 E * -2.46E E- ** -3.96E-07 Sonchus asper G 1 E E E E-06 Sorbus torminalis G N E E E-07

16 sheep Stachys officinalis G N ** -8.26E E- 1.42E-05 * Tragopogon pratensis G 1 E E E- 1.43E-07 Trifolium medium G 2 N E E E-07 Trifolium pratense G 2 N E E- 2.64E-07 Trisetum flavescens G 2 E E E- 7.82E-07 Urtica dioica G 2 H E E E-06 Valeriana repens G 1 N E E E-06 Valerianella locusta G 1 B E E E-08 Veronica chamaedrys G 4 N E E E-06 Viburnum lantana G N ** -1.58E E- * 8.37E-06 * Vicia cracca G 4 N ** -5.81E E- * -5.17E-06

17 sheep Vicia hirsuta G 4 N E E- 04 Vicia sativa G N E E- 04 Vicia sepium G 4 N E-05-2.E E E E-07

18 Appendix 2. Relationships among plant traits, patch occu and the logistic regression coefficient for isolation (β-connecti), for all species together (n=180). Pearson correlations, one-way ANOVA s and Pearson χ²-tests (underlined) were used to assess significance of interrelations for continuous-continuous, continuous-nominal and nominal-nominal variable combinations respectively. a nominal variable, b ordinal variable variable dispersal retention retention plant patch occu thick number b type a morphology a sheep cattle longe r 0.90*** thick number b n 156 r 0.87*** 0.83*** n r 0.91*** 0.88*** 0.76 *** n r 0.20* 0.44*** *** n r 0.40*** 0.31*** *** 0.28 ** n dispersal type a F/χ² 6.46** * 4.31** 9.84 *** *** n/df 92/3 82/3 83/3 82/3 92/3 79/3 F/χ² 3.42* 7.41*** 4.56 ** 3.35* *** 4.42 ** 34. *** morphology a n/df 180/4 156/4 159/4 151/4 156/4 128/4 92/8 retention sheep retention r 0.94*** 0.85*** 0.78 *** 0.85*** 0.27 *** 0.41 *** 7.50 *** 9.*** n /3 180/4 r 0.80*** 0.87*** 0.81 *** 0.87*** 0.21 ** 0.43 *** 6.50 ** *** cattle n /3 180/4 180 longe r 0.46*** 0.36*** 0.37 *** 0.44*** *** *** 0.41 *** n /3 146/ plant r 0.58*** 0.56*** 0.62 *** 0.51*** * 11.21*** 0.53 *** 0.36 *** 0.30 ***

19 patch occu β-connecti n /3 180/ r n /3 180/ r * n /3 180/ ***p 0.0; **0.0 < p 0.; *0. < p 0.05; 0.05 < p 0.1

20 Appendix 3. Relationships among plant traits, patch occu and the logistic regression coefficient for isolation (β-connecti), for specialist species (n=84). Pearson correlations, one-way ANOVA s and Pearson χ²-tests (underlined) were used to assess significance of interrelations for continuous-continuous, continuous-nominal and nominal-nominal variable combinations respectively. a nominal variable, b ordinal variable variable dispersal retention retention plant patch thick number b type a morphology a longe occu sheep cattle thick r 0.89 *** n 69 r 0.84 *** 0.81 *** n r 0.86 *** 0.89 *** 0.68*** n r ** 0.27* 0.34** n number b r 0.36** 0.31* * 0.21 n dispersal type a F/χ² 4.29 * 3.77 * * 11.49*** 1.32 n/df 28/2 25/2 26/2 25/2 25/2 24/2 morphology a F/χ² ** *** n/df 84/4 69/4 72/4 66/4 69/4 51/4 28/6 retention sheep r 0.91*** 0.86*** 0.73*** 0.79*** 0.25* 0.39** 4.44* 0.70 retention cattle longe plant patch occu n /2 84/4 r 0.84*** 0.89*** 0.80*** 0.86*** ** 3.75* *** n /2 84/4 84 r 0.28* * 0.26* n /2 60/ r 0.22 * 0.32 ** 0.46*** 0.34** n /2 84/ r n /2 84/ β-connecti r * 0.28 * * 0.24 * ** 0.40 ***

21 ***p 0.0; **0.0 < p 0.; *0. < p 0.05; 0.05 < p 0.1 n /2 84/

22 Appendix 4. Relationships among plant traits, patch occu and the logistic regression coefficient for isolation (β-connecti), for generalist species (n=96). Pearson correlations, one-way ANOVA s and Pearson χ²-tests (underlined) were used to assess significance of interrelations for continuous-continuous, continuous-nominal and nominal-nominal variable combinations respectively. a nominal variable, b ordinal variable variable dispersal retention retention plant patch thick number b type a morphology a longe occu sheep cattle r n 0.90 *** 87 r 0.88 *** 0.83*** n thick r 0.92 *** 0.87*** 0.78*** n r 0.25 * 0.52*** ** number b n r 0.44 *** 0.35** *** 0.31** n dispersal type a F/χ² 4.25 ** * 4.88** 16.88*** n/df 64/3 57/3 57/3 57/3 57/3 55/3 morphology a F/χ² 3.53 * 7.43*** ** 10.00*** 4.20** 27.50** n/df 96/4 87/4 87/4 85/4 87/4 77/4 64/8 retention sheep retention cattle longe plant patch occu β-connecti r 0.95 *** 0.85*** 0.80*** 0.87*** 0.28** 0.43*** 5.20** 9.82 *** n /3 96/4 r 0.82 *** 0.87*** 0.84*** 0.87*** 0.26* 0.47*** 4.00* *** n /3 96/4 96 r 0.59 *** 0.52*** 0.54*** 0.59*** ** *** 0.53*** n /3 86/ r 0.63 *** 0.58*** 0.63*** 0.53*** *** 0.60*** 0.48*** 0.52*** n /3 96/ r n /3 96/ r * n /3 96/ ***p 0.0; **0.0 < p 0.; *0. < p 0.05; 0.05 < p 0.1