Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση southeastern Αsia Minor, modern southern Turkey. Ιστορική Περιοχή Cilicia. Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Patriarchate of Antioch

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1 Περίληψη : The metropolis of Tarsus was in Cilicia and was considered the second most important metropolis of the Patriarchate of Antioch including eight bishoprics of the ecclesiastical province of Cilicia Ι. The metropolis was represented in the six first ecumenical councils. It is attested through to the 12 th century. Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση southeastern Αsia Minor, modern southern Turkey Ιστορική Περιοχή Cilicia Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Patriarchate of Antioch 1. The Church of Tarsus: the See The Church of Tarsus was among the oldest churches of the entire Asia Minor, while from the 3 rd century onwards it was an episcopal see. The metropolis of the ecclesiastical province of Cilicia I was based there in the early 5 th century before Tarsus came under the Patriarchate of Antioch. In a list of bishoprics of the Patriarchate of Antioch of the late 6 th century Tarsus is reported as the second most important metropolis of the patriarchate. 1 The metropolis of Tarsus initially included eight bishoprics before the detachments of the bishopric of Pompeioupolis in the 10 th century and the bishopric of Adana in the 11 th century. The ecclesiastical see of Tarsus remained important throughout the Byzantine era for an additional reason; the city of Tarsus was highly esteemed as it was the birthplace of the Apostle Paul. The Orthodox metropolis of Tarsus, which was represented in all ecumenical councils until the sixth Ecumenical Council of 680/1 in Constantinople, is evidenced until the mid-12 th century. The city also had organised Arian and Monophysite communities. Furthermore, from the 6 th century until 1264, a Syrian Monophysite (Syrian Jacobite) metropolis was based in the city, which indicates the great popularity of Monophysitism with the citizens, even in that late period, mainly due to the proximity to Syria and their established relations. The Armenian archbishopric was founded in Tarsus towards the late 10 th century and survived until Between 1099 and 1374 the city had a Catholic archbishopric as well. 2. The Church of Tarsus: the People the Ideas The first known bishop of Tarsus whose tenure may be dated is Lupus, between 314 and 319, 2 while the first known metropolitan is Helladios, who participated in the third Ecumenical Council of Ephesos in 431. Seven bishops and ten metropolitans of Tarsus are known in the Byzantine era. During the 4 th century the bishopric of Tarsus was found at the centre of the Arian conflict because its bishop Silvanus (ca ) was a follower of Arius. However, between 378 and 394 the episcopal throne was occupied by Diodorus of Tarsus, one of the leading figures of the second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople and an opponent of Arianism. In fact, the Orthodox hierarchs alternated with the Monophysites in the metropolitan throne of Tarsus in the 5 th century, which suggests the constant discord within the metropolis. Moreover, it should be noted that in the early 6 th century the metropolis joined the side of the Monophysite patriarch of Antioch Severus ( ), although in that period it was involved in disputes with the Patriarchate of Antioch over the control of Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/1/2017 Σελίδα 1/5

2 a monastery in Cilicia. Even after the mid-6 th century a Monophysite metropolitan is evidenced in Tarsus. There are no references to metropolitans of Tarsus in the 8 th and 9 th centuries, under the Arab rule of the city, which may indicate that the metropolis faced serious problems in that period. The list of metropolitans continues after the Byzantines recaptured the city in Hοnigmann, Ε. (ed.), Studien zur Notitia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp , partic. P Fedalto, G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium (Padova 1991), p Βιβλιογραφία : Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis 1: Patriarchatus Constantinopolitanus Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium, Padova 1988 Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium II. Patriarchatus Alexandrinus, Antiochenus Hierosolymitanus, Padοva 1988 Hild F., Hellenkemper H., Kilikien und Isaurien, Wien 1990, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 5 Honigmann E., Évêques et évêchés monophysites d'asie antérieure au VIe siècle, Louvain 1951 Hamilton B., The Latin Church in the Crusader States, London 1980 Honigmann E., "The Original Lists of the Members of the Council of Nicaea, the Robber-Synod and the Council of Chalcedon", Byzantion, 16, , Abramowsky, "Diodore de Tarse", Dictionnaire d' histoire et de géographie ecclésiastique 14, Paris 1960, Δικτυογραφία : Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies. Christia Γλωσσάριo : Notitia episcopatuum The Notitiae episcopatuum are official documents of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and Antioch, containing the ecclesiastical dioceses in hierarchical order.these documents were modfied regularly. Sixth Ecumenical Council/ Quinisext/ Dome (Constanitnople, 681/ 691) The Sixth Ecumenical Counsil (also called: Quinisext<Penthekti or Dome Counsil<in Trullo, mean. in the dome) assembled at Constntinople twice, the years 680/1 (the Sitxth) and 691/2 (the Quinisext/Dome), to discuss the restoration of the association with the Holy See of Rome as well as to clarify practical issues of everyday life for the Cristians. Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/1/2017 Σελίδα 2/5

3 Πηγές Hοnigmann, Ε. (ed.), Studien zur Notitia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp Cheynet, J. C. (ed.), Sceaux de la collection Zacos (Bibliothèque nationale de France, se rapportant aux provinces orientales de l Empire byzantin, Paris 2001), pp Laurent, V., Le corpus des sceaux de l empire byzantin 2 (Paris 1965), no Socrates, Historia Ecclesiastica in Migne, J. P. (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Graeca 67 (Paris ), col Παραθέματα 1. Reference to the Arian bishop of Tarsus, Siluanus, in an account of the 359 council in Seleukeia of Isauria Eριστικώς δε πολλών κινηθέντων, ουκ ανεκτόν είναι ανεβόησε Σιλβανός ο Tαρσού επίσκοπος, καινήν ετέρας πίστεως επεισάγειν γραφήν παρέ την εν Aντιοχεία δοκιμασθείσαν ταύτην δε μόνην χρήναι κρατείν Socrates, Historia Ecclesiastica in Migne, J. P. (ed.), Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Graeca 67 (Paris ), column Inscription on the seal of the metropolitan of Tarsus, Theophilos, 11 th century Σκέπε με Σ(ώτ)ερ σ[ό]ν, [δ]ίδου μοι (και) [χ]άριν, Tαρ[σ]οθ προέδρ(ω) συγκέλλ(ω) [Θ]εοφίλ(ω) Laurent, V., Le corpus des sceaux de l empire byzantin 2 (Paris 1965), no Χρονολόγιο 3 rd c.: First evidence about the bishopric of Tarsus 325: Participation of the bishop of Tarsus in the first Ecumenical Council circa : The Arian bishop Silvanus in office : Diodorus of Tarsus in office 381: Participation of the bishop of Tarsus in the second Ecumenical Council early 5 th c.: Foundation of the metropolis of Tarsus 431: Participation of the bishop of Tarsus in the third Ecumenical Council 451: Participation of the bishop of Tarsus in the fourth Ecumenical Council second half of 5 th c.: Parade of Orthodox and Monophysite metropolitans early 6 th c.: Severus of Antioch adopts the Monophysite doctrine first half of 6 th c.: Conflicts with the Patriarchate of Antioch 6 th c.: Foundation of a Syrian Monophysite metropolis in Tarsus Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/1/2017 Σελίδα 3/5

4 553: Participation of the bishop of Tarsus in the fifth Ecumenical Council 680: Participation of the bishop of Tarsus in the sixth Ecumenical Council 10 th c.: Foundation of an Armenian archbishopric in Tarsus 10 th c.: The bishopric of Pompeiopolis is detached from the metropolis of Tarsus 11 th c.: The bishopric of Adana is detached from the metropolis of Tarsus 1099: Foundation of a Catholic archbishopric in Tarsus 12 th c.: Last references to the Orthodox metropolis of Tarsus 1264: Abolition of the Syrian Monophysite metropolis 1374: Abolition of the Catholic archbishopric Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι 1. List of bishops and metropolitans of Tarsus 1.1. Bishops of Tarsus Lupus ( ) Theodore (325) Antony (325) Siluanus (ca ) Diodorus ( ) Falerios ( ) Dositheos (420) 1.2. Metropolitans of Tarsus Helladios ( ) Theodore ( ) Pelagios (457/ 458) Nestor (484) Peter (553) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/1/2017 Σελίδα 4/5

5 Theodore (680/ 681) Eustathios (7 th c.) Isidoros (7 th c.) Kosmas (10 th 11 th c.) Theophilos (second half of 11 th c.) 2. List of bishoprics under the metropolis of Tarsus Adana (detached in 11 th c.) Augusta Korykos Mallus Podandus, Cappadocia Pompeiopolis (detached in 10 th c.) Sebaste Zephyrion Lists compiled after Fedalto, G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium (Padova 1991), p Δημιουργήθηκε στις 26/1/2017 Σελίδα 5/5

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