Vocabulary for the second semester

Transcript

1 Vocabulary for the second semester Greek-Eng.voc , p1 Note and disclaimer This vocabulary has a practical purpose only, in reference to Lessons in this course. Because of inclusions and omissions, it is not recommended as the substitute of a general dictionary (for that purpose, look up the Bibliography). [Try to remember the highlighted vocabulary.] Click here for the vocabulary in Lessons Αα Ἀγάθων, Ἀγάθονος, ὁ = an Athenian tragic poet, a friend of Euripides and Plato. ἄγαν (adv) = too much ἀγάπη, ης, ἡ = brotherly love, love of God, charity ἀγαπητός, ή, όν = beloved ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελέω > ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην = to announce Ἀγησίλαος, ου, ὁ = Agesilaos ἀγοράζω, ἀγοράσω, ἠγόρασα = to buy ἄγριος, α, ον = wild ἄγω, ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦμαι, ἤχθην = to lead, lead away ᾅδης, ου, ὁ = Hades, the underworld ἀδικέω > ῶ, ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι = to wrong, act wrongly Ἀθῆναι, Ἀθηνῶν, αἱ = Athens ἁθροίζω, ἁθροίσω, ᾑθροισα, ᾑθροισμαι = to gather together, levy (forces) ἀθυμία, ας, ἡ = weakness, despondency Αἰγύπτιος, ου, ὁ = an Egyptian αἴλουρος, ου, ὁ, ἡ = cat αἰσθάνομαι, αἰσθήσομαι, ᾐσθόμην = to perceive through the senses. Cf. aesthetic αἰσχρός, ά, όν = ugly, shameful; comparative αἰσχίων, αἴσχιον; superlative αἴσχιστος, η, ον αἰσχύνομαι, αἰσχυνοῦμαι, ᾐσχύνθην, ᾔσχυμμαι = to be ashamed αἰτία, ας, ἡ = cause. Cf etiology. ἀκολουθέω > ῶ, ἀκολουθήσω = to follow, obey (+ dative) Ἀκρίσιος, ου, ὁ = Acrisius, legendary king of Argos Ἀλέξανδρος, ου, ὁ = Alexander

2 Greek-Eng.voc , p2 ἀληθής, ἀληθές = true ἀλλαχοῦ (adv ) = elsewhere, somewhere else ἀλλήλους, ἀλλήλας, ἀλλήλα (acc of a reciprocal pronoun that has no nom; the gen is ἀλλήλων) = to, etc. one another ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλο = another (declined like ἐκεῖνος, η, ο) ἅλλομαι, ἀλοῦμαι, ἡλάμην / ἡλόμην = to leap ἀλώπηξ, ἀλώπεκος, ἡ= fox ἀμάω, ἀμήσω, ἤμησα = to reap ἀμείνων, ἄμεινον (comparative of ἀγαθός, ή, όν)= better, (of persons) braver ἀμελής, ἀμελές = uncaring ἀνά (prep) + acc = back, up ἀνα βαίνω, ἀνα βήσομαι, [ἀνέβην], ἀνα βέβηκα = to go up, ascend ἀνα βλέπω, ἀνα βλέψω, ἀνέ βλεψα = to look up ἀναγκαῖος, α, ον = necessary ἀναίτιος, ον = innocent. Cf. αἰτία ἀνακοινόομαι > οῦμαι, ἀνακοινώσομαι = to impart (something to another). Cf. κοινός. ἀναπαύομαι = to stop to rest ἀνα σείω, σείσω = to shake, stir up ἀνα τείνω, ἀνατενῶ, ἀν έτεινα = to raise. ἀνατέλλω, ἀνατελῶ, ἀνέτειλα = to make or let rise up, to rise up. ἀνατολή, ῆς, ἡ = a rising, the East ἄνευ + gen = without ἄνθος, ους, τό = flower. Cf. anthology, ʺcollection of flowersʺ ἀντί + λέγω = to respond ἀντιλαμβάνομαι = (cf. λαμβάνω) take hold of ἄξιος, α, ον = deserving (+ gen) ἀπαγγέλλω (ἀπό + ἀγγέλλὠ, ἀπαγγελω~, ἀπήγγειλα, ἀπήγγελκα, ἀπήγγελμαι = bring tidings, announce ἀπέρχομαι (ἀπό + ἔρχομαι ) = to go away, leave ἀπ αλλάσσω, Att. ἀπαλλάττω = withdraw ἄπειμι = (cf. εἰμί) to be absent ἀποδημέω, ήσω = to be away from home, go abroad ἀποθνῄσκω, ἀποθανοῦμαι, ἀπέθανον, τέθνηκα = to die. Cf. θάνατος, θνητός, etc..

3 Greek-Eng.voc , p3 ἀποκάλυψις, εως, ἡ= revelation (lit: uncovering, cf. καλύπτω) ἀποκρίνομαι, ἀποκρινέομαι > ἀποκρινοῦμαι, ἀπεκρινάμην = to answer. Cf. κρίνω ἀπόκρισις, εως, ἡ = an answer ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενέω > ῶ, ἀπέκτεινα (first ao without sigma) = to kill ἀπώλεια, ας = destruction ἀπό λύω = to release ἀπολώλεκα (perfect of ἀπόλλυμι, a verb not studied in this course) = to destroy ἀποστέλλω (ἀπό + στέλλω) = to send away, dispatch. Cf. ἀπόστολος ἀπό φέρω = to carry off Ἄργος, ους, τό= Argos ἄρρην, α1ρρενος, ὁ= (noun and adjective) male Ἀρχίδαμος, ου, ὁ = Archidamus ἀρχιερεύς, έως, ὁ = high priest, head of the Jewish religion. ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦρχα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην = (+ gen) to rule; sometimes = to begin, but the middle ἄρχομαι is more common with this meaning. Ἀσκληπιός, οῦ, ὁ = Asclepius, son of Apollo and god of medicine ἀσπίς, ίδος, ἡ = shield ἀστήρ, ἀστέρος, ὁ = star ἀταξία, ας, ἡ = disorder, licentiousness ἀτυχία, ας, ἡ = misfortune αὐξάνω, αὐξήσω, ηὔξησα, ηὔξηκα = to make grow, increase; middle = to grow. Cf augment αὔριον = (adv) tomorrow ἀφικνέομαι, ἀφίξομαι, ἀφικόμην, ἀφῖγμαι = to arrive ἄχθομαι = to be burdened, to suffer Ἀχιλλεύς, έως = Achilles, the hero of the Iliad. ἀψευδής, ές = without falsehood, truthful

4 Ββ βαίνω, βήσομαι, [ἔβην], βέβηκα = to go, walk, step βάλλω, βαλέω > ῶ, ἔβαλον, βέβληκα Βαπτιστής, οῦ, ὁ Βαραββάς, ᾶ, ὁ βαρύς, βαρεῖα, βαρύ βασίλεια, ας, ἡ βέβαιος, α, ον βιάζω / βιάζομαι,, ἐβιασάμην = to force βλέπω, βλέψομαι / (later) βλέψω, ἔβλεψα, βέβλεφα, βέβλεμμαι = to look βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, ἐβουλήθην, βεβούλημαι = to want βοῦς, βοός, ὁ = ox βραχύς, βραχεῖα, βραχύ = short, brief Γγ Γαλιλαία, ας, ἡ = Galilee γέγονε = it has occurred. Cf. γί(γ)γνομαι γελάω > ῶ, γελάσω, ἐγέλασα = to laugh. γελοῖος, α, ον = funny γεν(ν)αῖος, α, ον = noble, high born, good γεννάω > ῶ, γεννήσω = to beget (of the father); to give birth to (of the mother) γένος, γένους, τό = birth, generation, ʺclanʺ γέρων, γέροντος, ὁ = old man γηγενής, γηγενές = earth born γί(γ)νομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γεγήνημαι or γέγονα = to be born, come to be, become γι(γ)νώσκω, γνώσομαι, [ἔγνων], ἔγνωκα = to recognize, know γνησίως (adv) = nobly γνῶσις, γνώσεως, ἡ = knowledge. Cf ʺagnosticʺ γνωτός, ή, όν = well known Γοργίας, ου, ὁ = Gorgias of Leontini, a sophist and rhetorician of the 5th BCE. γραμματεύς, έως, ὁ = scribe. Cf. γράφω γραφή, ῆς, ἡ = drawing, writing, indictment; in koinê Greek, scripture Greek-Eng.voc , p4

5 Greek-Eng.voc , p5 γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι = to write, draw; middle = to indict γυμνός, ή, όν = naked. Cf γυμνάζω Δδ δαιμονίζομαι = to be possessed by a demon δαιμόνιον, ου, τό = a divinity / a demon Δανάη, ης, ἡ = Danae δεῖ = [it] is necessary. Impersonal verb: it does not accept a personal subject, but it may take an infinitive or a noun clause as its subject. δείδω, δείσω, ἔδεισα = to fear δεξιός, ά, όν = right (vs left) δέσμιος, ου, ὁ = prisoner. Cf δέω δέω, δήσω, ἔδησα, δέδεκα = to bind. Not to be confused with δέω, δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα = to stand in need of, lack δηλόω > ῶ, δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, δεδήλωμαι = to make visible, show δημοσίᾳ (adverbial dative) = publicly διάγω (διά + ἄγω) = to carry over, spend (time) διαλέγομαι, διαλέξομαι, διελεξάμην = to converse δια μάχομαι = to carry the battle through, fight to the end δια νοέομαι > διανοοῦμαι = to intend διατελέω = to fulfil, continue (doing) διαφημίζω = to spread widely by word of mouth, disseminate διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην = to teach διδαχή, ῆς, ἡ = teaching, instruction [δίδωμι], δώσω, [ἔδωκα], δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην = to give δικαστής, οῦ, ὁ = juror Διός is the gen of Ζεύς, Διός, ὁ. It should not be confused with θεός, οῦ, ὁ = god διότι (cf. ὅτι) = because δίς (adv) = twice δίστομος, ον = with two mouths, double edged διώκω, διώξω, εθδίωκα, δεδίωχα, δεδίωγμαι, ἐδιώχθην = to chase, pursue

6 Greek-Eng.voc , p6 δοκεῖ = [it] seems (right). An impersonal use of δοκέω > ῶ in the 3rd person sg. Used with the dative. It seemed right (ἔδοξε) to X in the dative = X decided. δοκέω > ῶ, δόξω, ἔδοξα = to seem. δράω > ῶ, δράσω, ἔδρασα, δέδρακα, δέδραμαι = to do, act. Cf drama δρέπω, δρέψω,ἔδρεψα ἔπος, ἔπους, τό = a word, a song; in the pl, poetry Εε εἰμί = to be ἔρημος, (η), ον = desert, lonely ἐργαστήριον, ου, τό = workshop. Cf ἐργάζομαι ἔριον, ου, τό = wool ἑρμενεύς, ἑρμενέως, ὁ = interpreter ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα = to come or go. In Attic the independent irregular verb εἶμι served as the future. In this course we do not study the conjugation to which εἶμι belongs (athematic or μι verbs) ἐρωτάω > ῶ, ἐρωτήσω, ἠρώτησα = to ask (a question) ἐρωτώμενα, τά = ʺthe things askedʺ = the question/s (cf. ἐρωτάω > ῶ) ἐσθίω, ἔδομαι, ἔφαγον, ἐδήδοκα, ἐδήδεσμαι = to eat. Cf esophagus ἔσχατος, η, ον = last ἕτοιμος, (ἑτοίμη), ἕτοιμον = ready, prepared ἔτος, ἔτους, τό = year εὐαγγελίζομαι = to preach εὐγενής, εὐγενές = well born εὐδαίμων, εὔδαιμον = fortunate, happy εὐδαιμονίζω = to consider happy εὐδοκέω, εὐδοκήσω, εὐδόκησα = to be content, satisfied εὐθύς (adv) = of space, straight to; of time, at once εὐλογέω > ῶ, εὐλογήσω, ηὐλόγησα = to speak well of, praise Εὐριπίδης, ου, ὁ = Euripides, tragic poet of the 5th century BCE εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, εὗρον / ηὗρον, εὕρηκα / ηὕρηκα, εὕρημαι / ηὕρημαι = to find. Cf ʺEureka! εὐρύς, εὐρεῖα, εὐρύ = wide εὐτυχέω >ῶ, εὐτυχήσω = to have good luck (Cf. τύχη)

7 Greek-Eng.voc , p7 εὐτυχία, ας, ἡ = good luck εὔχομαι, εὔξομαι, ηὐξάμην = to pray, make a vow ἐφάνη = translate ʺappeared.ʺ Aorist passive, a tense we have not studied yet, of fai/nw. ἐχθαίρω, ἐχθαρῶ, ἤχθηρα = to hate ἔχω, ἕξω, ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα = to have; + an adverb = to be, e.g. ἔχω κακῶς = to be ill. ἕως = (conj) with the Indicative, it means ʺwhileʺ Ζζ ζάω > ζῶ, ζήσομαι, ἔζησα, ἔζηκα = to live, breathe. This verb makes contractions in η rather than in long ᾱ : ζῶ, ζῇς, ζῇ, etc. Ζεύς, Διός, ὁ = Zeus ζηλόω > ῶ = to envy ζημιόω > ῶ = to fine ζητέω > ζητῶ, ζητήσω = to seek ζωγράφος, ου, ὁ = painter Ηη ἤ (conj) =or, than ἡγέομαι > ἡγοῦμαι, ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, ἥγημαι = to lead the way, suppose, believe ἡδέως (adv) = gladly ἥδομαι = to take pleasure (+ dative). Cf. hedonistic ἡδύς, ἡδεῖα, ἡδύ = sweet; ἡδίων, ἥδιον (comparative) = sweeter; ἥδιστος, η, ον (superlative) = sweetest ἦθος, ἤθους, τό = custom, habit. Cf. ethics ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν = we ἡμέτερος, α, ον = our ἤπιος, α, ον = gentle ἡσσάομαι (Attic ἡττάομαι), ἡττήσομαι, ἥττημαι, ἡσσήθην = to be inferior (to another) to be beaten Ἥφαιστος, ου, ὁ = Hephaestus, god of the forge and a minor god of fire

8 Greek-Eng.voc , p8 Θθ θάλαμος, ου, ὁ = chamber θαυμάζω, θαυμάσω, ἐθαύμασα, τεθαύμακα = to wonder, admire θεάομαι, θεάσομαι, ἐθεασάμην, τεθέαμαι = to view, behold θεραπεία, ας, ἡ = cure. Cf. therapy θήγω, θής, τοῦ, ὁ = hunter θεάομαι, θεάσομαι, ἐθεασάμην, τεθέαμαι = to watch, perceive with the eyes θεῖος, α, ον = divine θλίψις, εως, ἡ = affliction, oppression θνητός, ή, όν = mortal θρίξ, τριχός, ἡ = hair. Cf. trichology. θυγάτηρ, θυγατρός, ἡ = daughter θύω, θύσω, ἔθυσα, τέθυκα, τέθυμαι, ἐτύθην = to offer sacrifice. Ιι ἰέναι = infinitive of εἶμι, to go, a verb not studied in this course. Translate διὰ φιλίας ἰέναι ʺbe on terms of friendship.ʺ ἱερεύς, ἱερέως, ὁ = priest Ἰεροσόλυμα, τά = (indeclinable) Jerusalem ἱκανῶς ( adv) = aptly ἱκετεύω = to beseech ἱμάτιον, ου, τό = cloak; in the plural = clothes ἵνα + Subjunctive = so that, in order to (purpose clause) Ἰουδαῖος, α, ον = Jewish ἰσχυρός, ά, όν = strong ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος, ὁ = fish. The early Christians who met in the Catacombs at Rome drew the figure of a fish on the walls. It was the symbol of their religion because its letters are an acronym for: Jesus Christ Godʹs Son Savior: Ι = Ἰησοῦς, Χ = Χριστός, Θ = Θεοῦ, Υ = Ὑιός, Σ = Σωτήρ Κκ κάθημαι = perfect of καθέζομαι (which means ʺto sit downʺ). Translate as present = to sit. καθῆσθαι is the infinitive.

9 Greek-Eng.voc , p9 καθώς (κατά + ὡς ) = according as, as καὶ + εἰ + ἄν > κἄν = even if καιρός, οῦ, ὁ = opportunity, right time καίω, καύσω, ἔκαυσα,, κέκαυμαι, ἐκαύσθην = to burn, scorch κακοδαίμων, κακόδαιμον = unhappy, ill starred καλέω > καλῶ, καλέσω, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι = to call καλιά, ᾶς, ἡ= nest καλλίων, κάλλιον = finer, more beautiful; κάλλιστος, η, ον = finest (comparative and superlative, respectively, of καλός, ή, όν) κάμινος, ου, ἡ = furnace, kiln καρπός, οῦ, ὁ = fruit κατά + acc = according to. Translate κατὰ δύναμιν: ʺto the extent of our abilitiesʺ; with words referring to space: along, over κατα διώκω = to follow, pursue κατα λαμβάνω, κατα λήψομαι, κατ έλαβον = to come upon κατα λείπω (cf. λείπω) = to leave, leave behind κατα πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, κατ έπεσον = to fall (down) κατα σκευάζω, σω, κατεσκέυασα, κατεσκεύακα = to build, furnish κατ έρχομαι = to go or come down κατέφαγον = 2nd aorist of κατά + ἐσθίω = to eat up κατηγορέω > ῶ, κατηγορήσω = to speak against, accuse. It takes a complement in the genitive. καυματίζω, καυματίσω = to wither by heat Καφαρναούμ = Caparneum κεῖμαι =to be placed, to be in a position κενός, ή, όν = empty κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ = head κηραμεύς. κεραμέως, ὁ = potter κηρύσσω (Attic κηρύττω), κηρύξω, ἐκήρυξα = to proclaim κινδυνεύω, κινδυνεύσω, ἐκινδύνευσα, κεκινδύνευκα = to run a risk, be in danger κίνδυνος, ου, ὁ = danger κινέω > ῶ = to move κίνησις, κινήσεως, ἡ= movement. Cf ʺcinemaʺ

10 Greek-Eng.voc , p10 κλαυθμός, οῦ, ὁ = wailing κλείς, κλειδός, ἡ = key κλέπτω, κλέψω, ἔκλεψα, κέκλοφα, κέκλεμμαι = to steal. Cf cleptomaniac κολάζω, κολάσω, ἐκόλασα, κεκόλακα = top κομίζω, κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα, κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι = to provide, supply κοτύλη, ης, ἡ = cup κόπτω, κόψω, ἔκοψα, κέκοφα, κέκομμαι = to strike, cut κοῦφος, η, ον = light, nimble κράζω, κράξω, ἔκραξα, κέκραγα = to cry. The perfect is often intensive = cry out loud. κράτιστος, η, ον = (superlative of ἀγαθός, ή, όν) strongest, most excellent κραυγή, ῆς, ἡ = a crying, shrieking κρείσσων, κρεῖσσον = (comparative of ἀγαθός, ή, όν) stronger, more excellent κρίνω, κρινῶ, ἔκρινα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι = to judge κρίσις, κρίσεως, ἡ = judgment κτῆμα, κτήματος, τό = possession, ʺthingʺ ( = χρῆμα, χρήματος, τό) κυριακός, ή, όν = of the Lord. Cf. κύριος κύων, κυνός, ὁ, ἡ = dog κωλύω, κωλύσω, ἐκώλυσα, κεκώλυκα, κεκώλυμαι, ἐκωλύθην = to hinder, prevent κώμη, ης, ἡ = village, small town κωμοδοποιός, οῦ, ὁ = comic playwright κωμόπολις, εως, ἡ = town; ἐχομένη κωμόπολις = next town Λλ λαγωός, οῦ, ὁ = hare λάθρα (adv used as preposition + gen) = secretly, without someoneʹs knowledge Λακεδαιμόνιος, α, ον = Lacedemonian (Spartan) λαλέω > λαλῶ, λαλήσω = speak, chatter λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον = to take, receive λαός, λαοῦ, ὁ = people, populace λάρναξ, λάρνακος, ὁ = coffer, box, chest

11 Greek-Eng.voc , p11 λέγω, ἐρέω > ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, εἴρημαι = to say, speak. (Later, and therefore mostly in koinê, regular principal parts, λέγω, λέξω, ἔλεξα were used; also the first asigmatic aorist εἶπα that developed from the stem of the second aorist). Note this exception: εἶπον, against the rule that says that there is augment only in the indicative mood, retains its augment in the other moods, as well as in the infinitive and participle. The imperative has a special accent: εἰπέ. λείπω, λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι = to leave behind, abandon λευκός. ή, όν = white. Cf. leucocyt λιμήν, λιμένος, ὁ = harbor λυχνία, ας, ἡ = lampstand λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην = to untie, free; λύομαι = to ransom Μμ Μακεδῶν, Μακεδόνος = a Macedonian μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον, μεμάθηκα = to learn μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, ὁ = witness, martyr μαστός, οῦ, ὁ = a femaleʹs breast, the chest. Cf. mastectomy. μάταιος, α, ον = vain ματαίως (adv) = in vain μάχαιρα, ας, ἡ = short sword, sabre μάχη, ης, ἡ = battle μάχομαι, μαχέσομαι or μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην = to fight against (+ dat). μέλας, μέλαινα, μέλαν = black μέμνημαι (perfect of μιμνήσκομαι, to recall) = to remember μέντοι = (strong adversative conj) nevertheless μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμήνηκα = to wait, remain μέριμνα, ης, ἡ = concern, worry μεριμνάω > ῶ, μεριμνήσω = to be anxious about μέρος, μέρους, τό = portion, destiny μεστός, ή, όν = full μετα βάλλω (Cf. βάλλω) = change. Cf. metabolism μεταμορφόω> ῶ, μεταμορφώσω, μετεμόρφωσα = to change shape. Cf metamorphosis μετα + πέμπομαι = to send for someone, summon

12 Greek-Eng.voc , p12 μετ έχω (+gen) = to partake of μηδέ = and not; but not; not even; μηδέ... μηδέ = neither... nor μῆλον, ου, τό = apple or any tree fruitck; background: yellowʺ> = to hate μισθόομαι > μισθοῦμαι, μισθώσομαι, ἐμισθωσάμην, μεμίσθωμαι = to hire μισθός, οῦ, ὁ = wages, reward μνήμη, ης, ἡ = memory, remembrance μῦθος, ου, ὁ = story μυστήριον, ου, τό = mystery μῶρος, α, ον = foolish Νν ναῦς, νεώς, ἡ = ship ναυτικός, ή, όν = naval νεκρός, ά, όν = dead. Cf necromancy Νερεύς, Νερέως, ὁ = Nereus, a god of the sea in Greek mythology νήπιος, α, ον = (literally ʺnon speaking,ʺ cf. ἔπος), thence childlike, innocent νημηρτής, νημηρτές = unfailing νίκη, ης, ἡ = victory νομίζω, νομιέω > ῶ, ἐνόμισα = to hold as a custom νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ = night Ξξ ξηραίνω, ξερανῶ, ἐξήρανα,, ἐξήρασμαι, ἐξηράνθην = to become or be dry Οο ὀδυρμός, οῦ, ὁ = lamentation οἰκουμένη, ης, ἡ = the inhabited earth (γῆ, γῆς, ἡ = earth), the world. Cf. οἰκέω. οἰωνός, οῦ, ὁ = bird, omen Ὄλυμπος, ου, ὁ = Olympus, the abode of the gods in ancient Greek religion ὁμιλία, ας, ἡ = dealings with one another, assembly ὅμοιος, α, ον = equal (to someone or something in the dative). Cf. homo ὀξύνω, ὀξυνῶ = to sharpen. Cf. ὀξύς ὀξύς, ὀξεία, ὀξύ = sharp

13 Greek-Eng.voc , p13 ὅποι (relative or indirect interrogative adverb) = where(to), cf ποῖ = where (to)? ὀπίσω (+ gen) = behind ὁπότε = (subordinating conj) when. In some constructions it means ʺwhenever.ʺ ὅπου (interrogative or relative adverb) = where ὅπως + Subjunctive = so that, in order to (purpose clause) ὁράω > ῶ, ὄψομαι, εἶδον, ἑώρακα, ἑώραμαι = to see. Cf. panorama, optician. ὀργίζομαι, ὀργιοῦμαι, ὠργίσθην = to get angry, be angry ὁρμή, ῆς, ἡ = impulse ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος, ὁ, ἡ = bird. Cf ornithology ὀρoφή, ῆς, ἡ = roof or ceiling ὄρος, ὄρους, τό = mountain. Cf. orography ὅστις, ἤτις, ὄ τι = whoever,whatever. (the neuter is often spelled in two words to avoid confusion with the conjunction ὅτι = whoever,whatever. ὅταν = when, whenever οὐδέποτε / οὔποτε = never οὕτω or οὕτως (adv) = thus ὄψιος, α, ον = late; ὀψία, ας, ἡ = the evening Ππ πάθος, πάθους, τό = experience, suffering παιανἰζω = perform the paean, a hymn to Apollo παίω, παίσω, ἔπαισα, πέπαικα, πέπαισμαι, ἐπαίσθην = to strike παλαιός, ά, όν = ancient, old πάλιν (adv) = again, back. Cf palindrome παντοῖος, α, ον = of all sorts παρά + acc = toward; + gen = from; + dat = with παραβολή, ῆς, ἡ = parable [παραδίδωμι] = to hand over, deliver παραιτέομαι > οῦμαι, παραιτήσομαι,,, παρῄτημαι = to ask of, entreat παρ έχω, παρ έξω, παρ έσχον = to provide πάσχω, πείσομαι, ἔπαθον, πέπονθα = to experience, suffer

14 Greek-Eng.voc , p14 παῦλα, ης, ἡ = pause, rest πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην = to persuade; πείθομαι, πείσομαι, έπιθόμην, πέπεισμαι + dat = to obey, listen to Πειλᾶτος, ου, ὁ = Pilate πειράομαι > πειρῶμαι, πειράσομαι, ἐπειρασάμην = to attempt, try πένης, τος = poor (vs. rich) περι βάλλω, περιβαλῶ, περιέβαλον = to throw around, put on. Cf. βάλλω. περισσῶς (adv) = exceedingly πετεινός, ή, όν = winged; τὰ πετεινά = birds πετρώδης, πετρῶδες = rocky πικρός, ά, όν = bitter πίναξ, κος, ὁ = writing tablet, board for painting, picture πίνω, πίομαι, ἔπιον, πέπωκα = to drink πίπτω, πεσέομαι > πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον, πέπτωκα = to fall πιστεύω, πιστεύσω, ἐπιστευσα = to trust + dat πίστις, πίστεως, ἡ = faith πιστός, ή, όν = faithful, trustworthy πλατύς, πλατεῖα, πλατύ = broad πλεῖστος, η, ον = very great (neuter: very much), (pl: very many), most (superlative of πολύς) πλέων, πλέον (πλείων, πλεῖον) = irregular comparative of πολύς, πολλή, πολύ πλήρης, πλῆρες = full πνίγω, πνίξω, ἔπνιξα = to choke; πνίγομαι = to be choked, to be drowned ποδήρης, ποδῆρες = reaching to the feet ποικίλος, η, ον = various πολιορκέω, πολιορκήσω,,,, ἐπολιορκήθην = to lay siege to, besiege πόλις, πόλεως, ἡ = city state πολύς, πολλή, πολύ = great, much (pl = many). Irregular comparative πλέων, πλέον / πλείων, πλεῖον; irregular superlative πλεῖστος, η, ον πορεύω, πορεύσω, ἐπόρευσα, πεπόρευκα, πεπόρευμαι = to ferry; πορεύομαι, πορεύσομαι, ἐπορεύθην, πεπόρευμαι = to march, go, walk, travel πορίζω, πορίσω, ἐπόρισα, πεπόρικα, πεπόρισμαι = to supply, give

15 Greek-Eng.voc , p15 πόσις, πόσιος, ἡ = a drink. Cf ʺsymposiumʺ ποτέ (indefinite adverb) = once, once upon a time πούς, ποδός, ὁ = foot πόσος, η, ον = how great? how much? (pl) how many? πράσσω (Att. πράττω), πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραγα, πέπραγμαι = to do, practise πρέσβυς, πρέσβεως, ὁ = ambassador, elder. Cf ʺPresbyterianʺ πρεσβύτερος, ου, ὁ = elder Προμηθεύς, έως, ὁ = Prometheus, the mythic rebellious Titan who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. προσ έρπω, προσ έρψω, προσ είρπυσα = to approach unseen. Cf ἕρπω = to creep προσ κυνέω > ῶ, προσ κυνήσω, προσ εκύνησα = to bow before, make obeisance to (+ acc) πρόσωπον, ου, τό = face, person πρόφασις, προφάσεως, ἡ = apparent reason, pretext προφητεύω, σω, ἐπροφήτευσα = to interpret, preach πρωΐ = early, early in the day; πρωΐ ἔνυχα λίαν = very early in the night πτάρνυται = 3rd sg of the present of a deponent verb, πτάρνυμαι, of a type not studied in this course. πῦρ, πυρός, τό = fire πυρόω > πυρῶ, πυρώσω = to burn Ῥῥ ῥάδιος, α, ον = easy ῥίζα, ης, ἡ = root ῥίπτω, ῥίψω, ἔρριψα, ἔρριφα = to throw, cast ῥομφαία, ας, ἡ = large sword, scimitar Ῥωμαῖος, α, ον = Roman Σσ σιγάω > ῶ, σιγήσομαι or σιγήσω = to be silent Σίμων, ονος, ὁ = Simon Σκῦθαι, ῶν, οἱ = the Scythians σοφία, ας, ἡ = wisdom

16 Greek-Eng.voc , p16 σοφιστής, οῦ, ὁ = sophist. Sophists were itinerant teachers who taught philosophy to young men for a fee, imparting mostly rhetorical skills. Σωφοκλῆς, Σοφοκλέους = Sophocles, tragic poet of the 5th century BCE Σπαρτιάτης, ου, ὁ = a Spartan man σπείρω, σπερῶ, ἔσπειρα,, ἔσπαρμαι, ἐσπάρην = to sow σπεύδω, σπονδή, ῆς, ἡ = libation; in the pl, peace treaty (solemnized by a libation) σπορά, ᾶς, ἡ = sowing, seed στάσις, στάσεως, ἡ = revolt στασιαστής, οῦ, ὁ = rebel, revolutionary. Cf. στάσις. σταυρόω > ῶ = to crucify στενός, ή, όν = narrow στεφανόω > ῶ = to crown στόλος, ου, ὁ = fleet, army, etc., sent as part of an expedition or campaign στόμα, στόματος, τό = mouth. στράτευμα, στρατεύματος, τό = army στρατόπεδον, ου, τό = military camp συγκοινωνός, όν = partner. Cf. κοινός, ή, όν συγγνώμη, ης, ἡ = pardon, forgiveness σύμβολος, ου, ὁ = counselor. (σύν + βουλή) συμβούλιον, ου, τό = council, consultation συμ πράσσω (cf. πράσσω) = to do with another, assist συμ φέρω (cf φέρω ) = to be useful, to profit συν άγω (Cf. ἄγω) = bring, draw together συναθροίζω = to gather together συνάπτομαι = to contribute to (σύν + ἅπτω = tie, unite) συνέδριον, ου, τό = high council, highest governing body in Judaea συν επεύχομαι = to make further vows [συνίημι] = to understand σύς, συός, ὁ, ἡ = pig, boar Σωκράτης, ους, ὁ = Socrates σωτηρία, ας, ἡ = salvation

17 Greek-Eng.voc , p17 σωτήρια = (neuter pl of σωτήριος, α, ον ) offerings for salvation Σωφοκλῆς, Σοφοκλέους = Sophocles, tragic poet of the 5th century BCE σώφρων, σῶφρον = temperate, of sound mind Ττ τάλας, τάλαινα, τάλαν = wretched τάσσω (Att. τάττω), τάξω, ἔταξα, τέταχα, τέταγμαι, ἐτάχθην = to set in order, array in battle τάφος, ου, ὁ = funeral, tomb ταχύς, ταχεῖα, ταχύ = fast, swift. Cf tachymeter τείνω, τενέω > ῶ, ἔτεινα, τέτακα, τέταμαι = to stretch, extend Cf. tension. τελευτάω > ῶ, τελευτήσω, ἐτελεύτησα, τετελεύτηκα = to finish (sc. τὸν βίον = to die) τέλλω, τελλῶ, ἔτειλα = to make to arise; to arise τέλος (adv) = finally τέλος, τέλους, τό = end, goal τηρέω, τηρήσω, ἐτήρησα, τετήρηκα = to guard, observe τίκτω, τέξω, ἔτεκον = to bring into the world, bring forth, beget τίμιος, α, ον = precious, valued τοῖχος, τοίχους, τό = wall τοσοῦτος, τοσαύτη, τοσοῦτο = so great, so large; pl = so many τραγῳδία, ας, ἡ = tragedy τρεῖς, τρία = three τρίβω, τριψω, ἔτριψα, τέτριφα, τέτριμμαι = to rub, wear away, spend (time) τριάκοντα (indeclinable numeral) = thirty τριήρης, τριήρους, ἡ = trireme τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον = to happen to (... be doing something); to chance upon (+ Genitive) Υυ ὕβρις, ὕβρεως, ἡ = insolence, wanton violence, outrageous behavior ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τό = water. Cf. hydro ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν = you (pl)

18 Greek-Eng.voc , p18 ὑμέτερος, α, ον = your (belonging to you pl) ὑπέρ + gen = on behalf of, for the sake of ὕστερον (comparative adv) = later Φφ φαίνω, φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφαγκα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνθην / ἐφάνην = to show, reveal; φαίνομαι = to seem φανερῶς (adv) = visibly, publicly φέρω, οἴσω, ἤνεγκον / ἤνεγκα, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι = to bear, carry φεύγω, φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα = to flee φθείρω, φθερέω > φθερῶ, ἔφθειρα, ἔφθαρκα, ἔφθαρμαι = to corrupt, destroy φθονέω > ῶ, φθονήσω, ἐφθόνησα = to envy φιλία, φιλίας, ἡ = friendship; διὰ φιλίας = on friendly or peaceful terms φιλέω > ῶ, φιλήσω, ἐφίλησα = to love φλόξ, φλογός, ἡ = fire φονεύς, φονέως, ὁ = murderer φονεύω, φονεύσω, ἐφόνευσα, πεφόνευκα = to kill, murder φόνος, ου, ὁ = murder φραγελλόω > ῶ, φραγελλώσω = to scourge φρονέω > ῶ, φρονήσω = to have understanding, to be wise. Cf. phren in English compounds. φροντιστήριον, ου, τό = the ʺThinkery,ʺ in Aristophanesʹ Clouds. φρουρέω > ῶ, φρουρήσω, ἐφρούρησα,,, ἐφρουρήθην = to guard; φρουρέομαι > οῦμαι = to guard oneself against φυλάσσω (Attic φυλάττω), φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην = to guard; φυλάσσομαι (φυλάττομαι) = to defend oneself φῦλλον, ου, τό = leaf φύσις, φύσεως, ἡ = nature. Cf physical φυτεύω, φυτεύσω, ἐφύτευσα = to plant φύω, φύσω, ἔφυσα = to engender φωνή, ῆς, ἡ = voice Χχ

19 Greek-Eng.voc , p19 χάλκεος, α, ον = brazen, of bronze χαλκολίβανος, ου, ὁ or χαλκολίβανον, ου, τό = fine brass χαρίζομαι, χαρίσομαι > χαριοῦμαι, ἐχαρισάμην = to be agreeable to, do a favor to, oblige Χείρων, Χείρωνος, ὁ = Cheiron, the mythic ʺwise Centaurʺ who was the teacher of heroes and taught Asclepius the art of healing. χθές (adv) = yesterday χιών, χιόνος, ἡ = (fallen) snow χρεία, ας, ἡ = need χρή = //it// is necessary χρήζω = to need, desire χρηστεριάζομαι = to consult the oracle χωρέω > ῶ, χωρήσω, ἐξώρησα, κεχώρηκα = to give way, draw back, make room for, have room for χῶρος, ου, ὁ = space, place back to the top Ψψ ψευδής, ψευδές = false Ωω ὧδε (adv) = thus ὠκύς, ὠκεῖα, ὠκύ = swift ὠφελέω = to help ὠφέλιμος, ον / ὠφελήσιμος, ον = helpful ὡς τάχιστα = as soon as possible ὥσπερ (conj) = just as, like, as ὥστε (conj) = //so, so much, so many, such, etc.//... that (as a result).