Callimachus and Leonidas of Tarentum in the Garland of Philip

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1 Callimachus and Leonidas of Tarentum in the Garland of Philip 1) Giving epics AP Crinagoras = XI GPh Καλλιµάχου τὸ τορευτὸν ἔπος τόδε δὴ γὰρ ἐπ αὐτῷ ὡνὴρ τοὺς Μουσέων πάντας ἔσεισε κάλως. ἀείδει δ Ἑκάλης τε φιλοξείνοιο καλιὴν καί, Θησεῖ Μαραθὼν οὓς ἐπέθηκε πόνους τοῦ σοὶ καὶ νεαρὸν χειρῶν σθένος εἴη ἀρέσθαι, 5 Μάρκελλε, κλεινοῦ τ αἶνον ἴσον βιότου. This is the chiselled epic of Callimachus: on it the man shook all the sails of the Muses. He sings both of the hospitable hut of Hecale, and the labors which Marathon imposed upon Theseus. May it also be possible for you to achieve the youthful strength of your hands, and equal praise for a glorious life. AP Antipater of Thessalonica = I GPh (Text = GPh) σοί µε, Θρηϊκίης σκυληφόρε, Θεσσαλονίκη µήτηρ ἡ πάσης πέµψε Μακηδονίης, ἀείδω δ ὑπὸ σοὶ δεδµηµένον Ἄρεα Βεσσῶν ὅσσ ἐδάην πολέµου πάντ ἀναλεξάµενος. ἀλλά µοι ὡς θεὸς ἔσσο κατήκοος, εὐχοµένου δέ 5 κλῦθι. τίς ἐς Μούσας οὔατος ἀσχολίη; To you, desploiler of Thracia, Thessalonica, mother of all Macedonia, sends me. I sing of the Ares of the Bessi, subdued beneath you all that I learned by reading. But you, like a god, hear me, and listen as I pray. What ear does does not have leisure for the Muses? 2) Ethical readings of the Hecale Apuleius, Met cf. T10 Hollis = T33 Pf.] Milo invites Lucius to stay at his house: Ergo brevitatem gurgustioli nostri ne spernas peto. Nam et maiorem domum dignatione tua feceris, et tibi specimen gloriosum arrogaris, si contentus lare parvulo Thesei virtutes aemulaveris, qui non est aspernatus Hecales anus hospitium tenue. cf. [Jul.] ep. 186 = T11 Hollis = T24 Pf. πάντως οὐδὲ τῆς Ἑκάλης ὁ Θήσεὺς τοῦ δείπνου τὸ λιτὸν ἀπηξίωσεν, ἀλλ ἤιδει καὶ µικροῖς ἐς τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἀρκεῖσθαι T12 Hollis = T34 Pf. 1

2 3) The epigrammatist in high society Philodemus AP = GPh XXIII = Sider 27 αὔριον εἰς λιτήν σε καλιάδα, φίλτατε Πείσων, ἐξ ἐνάτης ἕλκει µουσοφιλὴς ἕταρος εἰκάδα δειπνίζων ἐνιαύσιον εἰ δ ἀπολείψῃς οὔθατα καὶ Βροµίου Χιογενῆ πρόποσιν, ἀλλ ἑτάρους ὄψει παναληθέας, ἀλλ ἐπακούσῃ 5 Φαιήκων γαίης πουλὺ µελιχρότερα Tomorrow at three your Muse-loving friend drags you to his humble cottage, oh dearest Piso, to feed you your yearly dinner celebrating The Twentieth. If you miss sows-udders and toasts of Chian wine, nevertheless you will see true friends and hear things sweeter than the Phaeacian tales. And if you turn your eyes towards us, oh Piso, we shall celebrate a richer, rather than a humbler, Twentieth. 4) Simple food in a Meleagrean context AP Leonidas of Tarentum = XXXVI HE Λαθρίη, ἐκ πλάνιος ταύτην χάριν ἔκ τε πενέστεω κἠξ ὀλιγησιπύου δέξο Λεωνίδεω, ψαιστά τε πιήεντα καὶ εὐθήσαυρον ἐλαίην καὶ τοῦτο χλωρὸν σῦκον ἀποκράδιον κεὐοίνου σταφυλῆς ἔχ ἀποσπάδα πεντάρρωγον, 5 πότνια, καὶ σπονδὴν τήνδ ὑποπυθµίδιον. ἢν δέ µ ἔθ, ὡς ἐκ νούσου ἀνειρύσω, ὧδε καὶ ἐχθρῆς ἐκ πενίης ῥύσῃ, δέξο χιµαιροθύτην. Lathria, accept this offering from wandering, impoverished Leonidas, he of the small mealtub: rich cakes and long-stored olive oil, this green fig fresh from the branch and this bunch of five grapes from the vine, oh goddess, good for wine, along with this libation from the bottom of the jar. And if you also save me from hateful poverty, as you saved me from illness, receive (me as) a goat-sacrificer. AP Callimachus = XXVIII HE = 47 Pfeiffer τὴν ἁλίην Εὔδηµος, ἐφ ἧς ἅλα λιτὸν ἐπέσθων χειµῶνας µεγάλους ἐξέφυγεν δανέων, θῆκε θεοῖς Σαµόθρᾳξι, λέγων ὅτι τήνδε κατ εὐχήν, ὦ λαοί, σωθεὶς ἐξ ἁλὸς ὧδε θέτο. Eudemus dedicated his salt-box to the Samothracian gods, the box aboard which eating his humble salt he weathered great storms of debts, saying, O people, that he placed it here since in accordance with his prayer he had been saved from the salt/sea. 2

3 AP Leonidas of Tarentum = XXXVII HE (Text = HE) Φεύγεθ ὑπὲκ καλύβης, σκότιοι µύες οὔτι πενιχρή µῦς σιπύη βόσκειν οἶδε Λεωνίδεω. αὐτάρκης ὁ πρέσβυς ἔχων ἅλα καὶ δύο κρίµνα ἐκ πατέρων ταύτην ᾐνέσαµεν βιοτήν. τῷ τί µεταλλεύεις τοῦτον µυχόν, ὦ φιλόλιχνε, 5 οὐδ ἀποδειπνιδίου γευόµενος σκυβάλου; σπεύδων εἰς ἄλλους οἴκους ἴθι--τἀµὰ δὲ λιτά-- ὧν ἄπο πλειοτέρην οἴσεαι ἁρµαλιήν. Get out of my hut you shadowy mice! The poor mealtub of Leonidas does not know how to feed mice. An old man is self-sufficient if he has salt and two biscuits: this is the life-style we have adopted from our ancestors. Why do you mine this corner, oh glutton, getting to taste not even an after-dinner scrap? Hurry off to other houses my means are slight from which you ll get a richer store. AP Ariston = III HE ὦ µύες, εἰ µὲν ἐπ ἄρτον ἐληλύθατ, ἐς µυχὸν ἄλλον στείχετ -ἐπεὶ λιτὴν οἰκέοµεν καλύβηνοὗ καὶ πίονα τυρὸν ἀποδρέψεσθε καὶ αὔην ἰσχάδα καὶ δεῖπνον συχνὸν ἀπὸ σκυβάλων εἰ δ ἐν ἐµαῖς βύβλοισι πάλιν καταθήξετ ὀδόντα 5 κλαύσεσθ, οὐκ ἀγαθὸν κῶµον ἐπερχόµενοι. Oh mice, if you have come for bread, head to another house, for I inhabit a humble hut. There, you ll get rich cheese and a dry fig and a great feast of leftovers. But if, on the other hand, you sharpen your tooth on my books again, you will lament that you have come to no good banquet. 5) Philodemus imitation and variation of multiple epigrams from the Meleagrean sequence AP Ariston AP ὦ µύες, εἰ µὲν ἐπ ἄρτον ἐληλύθατ, ἐς µυχὸν ἄλλον στείχετ -ἐπεὶ λιτὴν οἰκέοµεν καλύβην- Philodemus AP αὔριον εἰς λιτήν σε καλιάδα, φίλτατε Πείσων, ἐξ ἐνάτης ἕλκει µουσοφιλὴς ἕταρος Leonidas AP ἢν δέ µ ἔθ, ὡς ἐκ νούσου ἀνειρύσω, ὧδε καὶ ἐχθρῆς ἐκ πενίης ῥύσῃ, δέξο χιµαιροθύτην. Philodemus AP Address with prohibition from the καλύβη Address with invitation to the καλιάς And if you also save me from hateful poverty, as you saved me from illness, receive a fat goat. And if you turn your eyes towards us, oh Piso, we shall celebrate a richer, rather than a humbler, Twentieth. 3

4 5) Ariston AP εἰ δ ἐν ἐµαῖς βύβλοισι πάλιν καταθήξετ ὀδόντα κλαύσεσθ, οὐκ ἀγαθὸν κῶµον ἐπερχόµενοι. Philodemus AP Leonidas litotes becomes Epicurean litotes Leonidas AP σπεύδων εἰς ἄλλους οἴκους ἴθι (τἀµὰ δὲ λιτά), ὧν ἄπο πλειοτέρην οἴσεαι ἁρµαλιήν. Philodemus AP But if, on the other hand, you lay a tooth on my books, you will lament that you have come to no good banquet. And if you turn your eyes towards us, oh Piso, we shall celebrate a richer, rather than a humbler, Twentieth. Hurry off to other houses my means are slight from which you ll get a richer store. And if you turn your eyes towards us, oh Piso, we shall celebrate a richer, rather than a humbler, Twentieth. 6) and of Callimachus Hymn ὡπόλλων οὐ παντὶ φαείνεται, ἀλλ ὅτις ἐσθλός ὅς µιν ἴδῃ, µέγας οὗτος, ὃς οὐκ ἴδε, λιτὸς ἐκεῖνος. 10 ὀψόµεθ, ὦ Ἑκάεργε, καὶ ἐσσόµεθ οὔποτε λιτοί. Apollo does not appear to everyone, but only to him who is worthy. He who sees him is great, and he who doesn t is small. We will see, O Far-shooter, and we will no longer be small. Philodemus AP And if you turn your eyes towards us, oh Piso, we shall celebrate a richer, rather than a humbler, Twentieth. 7) The epigrammatist goes to Italy Crinagoras AP = GPh XXXII πλοῦς µοι ἐπ Ἰταλίην ἐντύνεται ἐς γὰρ ἑταίρους στέλλοµαι, ὧν ἤδη δηρὸν ἄπειµι χρόνον. διφέω δ ἡγητῆρα περίπλοον, ὅς µ ἐπὶ νήσους Κυκλάδας ἀρχαίην τ ἄξει ἐπὶ Σχερίην. σύν τί µοι ἀλλά, Μένιππε, λάβευ φίλος, ἵστορα κύκλον 5 γράψας, ὦ πάσης ἴδρι γεωγραφίης. I am planning a voyage to Italy, for I m going to see friends I ve been away from for a long time. But I need a periplous to guide me, which will take me to the Cycladic Islands and ancient Scheria. Help me out, my dear Menippus, by writing a learned Tour, you who are knowledgeable in all aspects of geography. 4

5 8) The epigrammatist leaves Italy AP Leonidas of Tarentum = XCIII HE Πολλὸν ἀπ Ἰταλίης κεῖµαι χθονὸς ἔκ τε Τάραντος πάτρης τοῦτο δέ µοι πικρότερον θανάτου. τοιοῦτος πλανίων ἄβιος βίος ἀλλά µε Μοῦσαι ἔστερξαν, λυγρῶν δ ἀντὶ µελιχρὸν ἔχω. οὔνοµα δ οὐκ ἤµυσε Λεωνίδου αὐτά µε δῶρα 5 κηρύσσει Μουσέων πάντας ἐπ ἠελίους. Far from Italy and from my fatherland of Taras I lie; this to me is more bitter than death. This kind of wandering life is lifeless, but the Muses have looked kindly upon me, and so instead of pains I have what is sweet. The name of Leonidas will not dim: the gifts of the Muses will herald me for all time. 9) Verbal/graphic, geographical, and emotional oppositio in imitando: Πολλὸν ἀπ Ἰταλίης Leonidas AP (Handout 8) πλοῦς µοι ἐπ Ἰταλίην Crinagoras AP (Handout 7) ἔκ τε Τάραντος Leonidas AP (Handout 8) ἐς γὰρ ἑταίρους Crinagoras AP (Handout 7) 10) Inclusion and Exclusion AP Antipater of Thessalonica = XX GPh Φεύγεθ, ὅσοι λόκκας ἢ λοφνίδας ἢ καµασῆνας ᾄδετε, ποιητῶν φῦλον ἀκανθολόγων, οἵ τ ἐπέων κόσµον λελυγισµένον ἀσκήσαντες κρήνης ἐξ ἱερῆς πίνετε λιτὸν ὕδωρ. σήµερον Ἀρχιλόχοιο καὶ ἄρσενος ἦµαρ Ὁµήρου 5 σπένδοµεν ὁ κρητὴρ οὐ δέχεθ ὑδροπότας. Away all you who sing of loccae (cloaks) or lophnides (torches) or camasenes (fish), you race of thorn-gathering poets, who trick out the twisted ornament of your verse and drink humble water from a sacred spring. Today we pour libations in honor of the birthday of Archilochus and Homer: the krater does not receive water-drinkers. 11) Antipater s art of variation (cf. Knox, 1985) a) Expelling the undesirables: Callimachus Aet. fr. 1.7 Pf....].[.] καὶ Τε[λ]χῖσιν ἐγὼ τόδε φῦλον α[ and to the Telchines I say this: you [ ] race Antipater AP Φεύγεθ, ὅσοι λόκκας ἢ λοφνίδας ἢ καµασῆνας ᾄδετε, ποιητῶν φῦλον ἀκανθολόγων Away with you, all who sing of loccae or lophnides or camasenes, you race of thorn gathering poets. 5

6 11b) poetic water-sources: Callimachus, Hymn to Apollo, Δηοῖ δ οὐκ ἀπὸ παντὸς ὕδωρ φορέουσι µέλισσαι, ἀλλ ἥτις καθαρή τε καὶ ἀχράαντος ἀνέρπει πίδακος ἐξ ἱερῆς ὀλίγη λιβὰς ἄκρον ἄωτον. Antipater, AP κρήνης ἐξ ἱερῆς πίνετε λιτὸν ὕδωρ 11c) liquid goods and dry goods: Antipater, AP ὁ κρητὴρ οὐ δέχεθ ὑδροπότας. Leonidas, AP = Handout 2c οὔτι πενιχρή µῦς σιπύη βόσκειν οἶδε Λεωνίδεω. The Bees do not bring water to Demeter from every source, but only the small stream, the very choicest part, which emerges pure and clear from the sacred fountain. drink humble water from a sacred spring. the mixing bowl does not receive water-drinkers. the poor meal-tub of Leonidas does not know how to feed mice. 11d) compare the language of religious prohibition: Φῦγε ἀπ ἐµοῦ, πᾶν κακόν, πᾶν πο[νηρόν] (P. Gr. Mag. II, P 5 d), cited by Robert, 1965, v. 13, 270. SGO (in Petrovic, 2011, 269), temple programma: πόρρω ἀπ ἀθανάτων ἔργεο καὶ τεµένους οὐ στέργει φαύλους ἱερὸς δόµος... (date uncertain) 12) Giving epigrams (or not) Antipater of Thessalonica AP 9.92 Ἀρκεῖ τέττιγας µεθύσαι δρόσος ἀλλὰ πιόντες ἀείδειν κύκνων εἰσὶ γεγωνότεροι. ὣς καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀνὴρ ξενίων χάριν ἀνταποδοῦναι ὕµνους εὐέρκταις οἶδε παθὼν ὀλίγα. τοὔνεκά σοι πρώτως µὲν ἀµείβοµεν ἢν δ ἐθέλωσιν 5 Μοῖραι, πολλάκι µοι κείσεαι ἐν σελίσιν. A little dew is enough to intoxicate cicadas, but when they drink it, they are louder singers than swans. So too a poet knows how to give poems as recompense to benefactors even when he has received just a little kindness. This is why I ve written to you, and if the Moirai should wish it, you will often lie in my pages. 13) A Leonidean point of reference: AP Leonidas of Tarentum = XVII HE Ἀρκεῖ µοι γαίης µικρὴ κόνις, ἡ δὲ περισσή ἄλλον ἐπιθλίβοι πλούσια κεκλιµένον στήλη, τὸ σκληρὸν νεκρῶν βάρος. εἴ µε θανόντα γνώσοντ, Ἀλκάνδρῳ τοῦτο τί Καλλιτέλευς; A slight dusting of earth suffices for me. Let the extravagant gravestone, a troublesome weight for corpses, vex some other man opulently buried. What difference does it make to Alkandros the son of Kalliteles whether or not people know me when I am dead? 6

7 14) A Callimachean point of reference: AP Antipater πολλάκι µοι κείσεαι ἐν σελίσιν. Aet. fr. 1.1 πολλάκι µοι Τελχῖνες 14) The epigrammatist outside of high society AP Parmenion = VI GPh Ἀρκεῖ µοι χλαίνης λιτὸν σκέπας, οὐδὲ τραπέζαις δουλεύσω Μουσέων ἄνθεα βοσκόµενος. µισῶ πλοῦτον ἄνουν, κολάκων τροφόν, οὐδὲ παρ ὀφρὺν στήσοµαι οἶδ ὀλίγης δαιτὸς ἐλευθερίην. The humble covering of a cloak suffices for me, and I will not slave at banquets since I feed on the flowers of the Muses. I hate thoughtless wealth, the nourishment of flatterers, and I will not stand at attention for the proud: I know the freedom of a humble meal. 15) Callimachean invective AP Callimachus Ἐχθαίρω τὸ ποίηµα τὸ κυκλικὸν οὐδὲ κελεύθῳ χαίρω τὶς πολλοὺς ὧδε καὶ ὧδε φέρει µισέω καὶ περίφοιτον ἐρώµενον, οὐδ ἀπὸ κρήνης πίνω σικχαίνω πάντα τὰ δηµόσια. Λυσανίη σὺ δὲ ναίχι καλὸς καλός ἀλλὰ πρὶν εἰπεῖν τοῦτο σαφῶς ἠχώ φησί τις ἄλλος ἔχει. I hate the cyclic poem, and do not like the path that carries many hither and thither. I also loath the promiscuous beloved, nor do I drink from the public fountain. I detest all things common. And you, Lysanias, yes you are beautiful beautiful! But before I ve uttered this, an echo clearly says another has him. 7

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