ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ ΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗΣ Ε.Γ.Ε

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Λαμία Αντωνιάδης
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1 Tectonic ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ evolution of the External Hellenides Department of Geology, University of Patras, Greece Koukouvelas I., Kokkalas S., Xypolias P.

The Hellenides and previous models Parnassos

Ophiolites Pin dos zone 0 5km by Jones and

2 The Hellenides and previous models Parnassos Zone Pelagonian Zone Attico-Cycladic Massif Pindos FTB Tripolitsa Zone Ionian Zone PreApulian Zone PQ-Series Plattenkalk Molasse Ophiolites Pin dos zone 0 5km by Jones and Robertson 1991 by Auboin et al by IFP 1966 by Temple 1968

3 The Hellenides and the Moho depth by Tsokas and Hansen 1997

4 Epirus section The northern part (Epirus section) Data Sources: Doutsos et al Kokkalas et al Tselentis et al Skourlis and Doutsos 2003 Doutsos 1994 BR Co 1971 IFP 1966

5 The northern part (Epirus section)

6 W E E W Ophiolites Molasse Krania flysch Ophiolites Key structural observations in the northern part - Mesohellenic Trough

7 Key structural observations in the northern part - Ionian Zone 200 W SMOLITSA FAULT B E Eocene flysch U. Jurassic 400 A 2km A POST OROGENIC SEDIMENTS UPPER JURASSIC-LOW SENONIAN Vigla limestones UPPER EOCENE-BURDIGALIAN UPPER LIAS-UPPER JURASSIC Flysch Posidonian beds PALEOCENE-UPPER EOCENE LOWER-MIDDLE LIAS Sublithographic limestones Pantocrator limestones UPPER SENONIAN Limestones with rudistes 600 B

8 The northern part (Epirus section) Igoumenitsa Ioannina Mesohellenic Trough APULIAN PELAGONIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration

9 Summary of key structural observation in northern part A-subduction with significant back-thrusting and thick-skinned deformation (double-vergent orogen) Thickest crust underneath Ioannina Double-verging orogen produce flysch basins to the west (Epirus) and to the east (Mesohellenic Trough) Flysch deposition within Ionian zone outlasted until the Lower Miocene

10 The ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ central part (Nafpaktos section) Nafpaktos section Data Sources: Doutsos et al Xypolias & Koukouvelas 2005 Sotiropoulos et al Skourlis and Doutsos 2003 Doutsos 1994 BR Co 1971 IFP 1966

11 The ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ central part (Nafpaktos section)

12 Key structural observations in the central part - Deep seismic data Gavrovo Ionian

13 central part - Pindos Thrust Belt W L. Cretaceous E W E limestones U. Cretaceous limestones Key structural observations in the

14 The ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ central part (Nafpaktos section) PARNASSOS APULIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration

15 Summary ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ of key structural observations in the central part Pindos thrust Gavrovo thrust Displacement rate: 6 mm/yr Displacement rate 1 mm/yr Displacement 100 km Displacement >15 km Activity early Eocene to Activity Eocene to Oligocene- Oligocene-Miocene boundary Miocene boundary

16 The ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ southern part (Peloponnese section) Data Sources: Doutsos et al. 2000, 2006 Xypolias and Doutsos 2000 Xypolias & Kokkalas 2006 Peloponnese Xypolias et al section Xypolias et al Xypolias and Koukouvelas 2001

17 The ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ southern part (Peloponnese section)

Key structural observations in the southern part Parnon Window A A' 1000 (m)500 PARNON ANTICLINE B B' 800 (m) Phyllite- Plattenkalk Quartzite Tripolitsa

18 Key structural observations in the southern part Parnon Window A A' 1000 (m)500 PARNON ANTICLINE B B' 800 (m) Phyllite- Plattenkalk Quartzite Tripolitsa Pindos series series zone zone A A' Carbonates Phyllites Carbonates Carbonates Quartzites B B' 5 Km Thrust Normal Anticline Stretching fault fault lineation

19 southern part Parnon Window Key structural observations in the

Key structural observations in the southern part Taygetos Window A A' A'' 500 (m) 0 B A'' AL B B' A 500 A' TAYGETOS (m)0 ANTICLINE C D 340 G B' C' 60 D' (m) 300 (m) 50 B pressure solution cleavage

20 Key structural observations in the southern part Taygetos Window A A' A'' 500 (m) 0 B A'' AL B B' A 500 A' TAYGETOS (m)0 ANTICLINE C D 340 G B' C' 60 D' (m) 300 (m) 50 B pressure solution cleavage pressure solution cleavage C D' D PQseries zone Tripolitsa Gy Lakonia Anticline Syncline Gulf Messinian Phyllites Carbonates Post orogenic Gulf Quartzites sediments Thrust Normal PLK-series fault fault 10 Km Kastania Carbonates Flysch L1 L2 phyllites stretching stretching lineation lineation

21 southern part Taygetos Window Key structural observations in the

22 Additional evidence from Kythira

23 Key structural observations in the southern part Pindos Thrust Belt W E Pindos thrust belt Tripolitsa zone Phyllite-Quartzite Series (PQS)

24 Pindos Thrust Belt Additional evidence from Kythira

25 Additional evidence from Crete

26 Eastern Crete Additional evidence from Eastern Crete and Dodecanese Islands Kos Island

Tectonic evolution Late Oligocene-Early Miocene underthrusting of PQ

the PQ unit was detached from its basement and extruded upward between a

Miocene regional backthrusting, folding of the major thrust contacts and

27 Tectonic evolution Late Oligocene-Early Miocene underthrusting of PQ protolith and its basement beneath the Tripolitza basement Lower Miocene the PQ unit was detached from its basement and extruded upward between a thrust fault at the base and the Tripolitza basement at the top Middle Miocene regional backthrusting, folding of the major thrust contacts and gravity sliding of the cover thrust sheets After Xypolias & Doutsos (2000); Doutsos et al. (2000)

28 The southern part (Peloponnese section) Taygetos Parnon Window Window PELAGONIAN APULIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration Middle Miocene

29 Summary ΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ of key structural observations in the southern part The Oligocene flysch of Plattenkalk suggests that the thrusting in Peloponnese is coeval with thrusting in Gavrovo and Pindos. Thick-skinned deformation was responsible for back-thrusting and the exhumation of the Parnon and Taygetos tectonic windows Lower Miocene syn-compressional exhumation rate decreases from 7 to 1.5 mm/year.

Synthesis Igoumenitsa Ioannina Mesohellenic Trough APULIAN PELAGONIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration PARNASSOS APULIAN BASEMENT 10

30 Synthesis Igoumenitsa Ioannina Mesohellenic Trough APULIAN PELAGONIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration PARNASSOS APULIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration Taygetos Window Parnon Window PELAGONIAN by Willett et al APULIAN BASEMENT 10 km no vertical exaggeration

32 Concluding remarks Existing models Our new model MT is an extensional basin MT formed under compression until the end of Oligocene Ionian and Gavrovo was The contact is a major thrust deformed by open anticlines and causing thickening of the crust the halokinesis of evaporites Thick-skinned deformation Thin-skinned deformation of the orogen Double-verging orogen (basins West-verging orogen in the north, windows in the south) Moho depth distribution is not Moho depth due to the weakness explained of the crust is expected to the west of the suture zone (Skourlis and Doutsos 2003)

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