Efficient Indoor Lighting Design

Transcript

1 Miramare Hotel, Limassol, Thursday 4 May 2017 Efficient Indoor Lighting Design 1 st International Conference Energy in Buildings, Cyprus L.T. Doulos, PhD, MSc, ldoulos@mail.ntua.gr Lighting Design, Hellenic Open University Photometry Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens

2 Who we are Luminaires Lamps Photometric, Electrical, Color, Spectral measurements

3 What we do Measuring LED pilot installations in municipalities and national roads Tunnel lighting (new installations, energy savings etc) Maintenance

4 Lighting design is changing Standards More available information Optical comfort More and more efficient equipment, new technologies Lighting control, sensors, dimmers Energy savings and low maintenance costs Smart buildings

5 Efficient lighting design is more and more necessary Office Commercial buildings Hotel Industry Warehouses Hospital Entertainment (wine bars, coffee shops) Households

6 Lighting design and standards ΕΝ , Light and lighting - Lighting of work places, Part 1: Indoor work places Be careful: Don t place more luminaires than enough, for 500lux don t calculate 650lux For Greece: Κ.Υ.Α. Δ6/Β/ /6/2008 Tip: Lighting simulation tools (RELUX, Dialux) have tables with the limits

7 Light design using ΕΝ , 2011 Licht.de Guide to DIN EN

8 An example

9 Glare index UGR

10 Color rendering index Ra Color quality matters

11 Ra or CRI; Using the LED spectrum and standard test strips, it is examined how the LED renders each standard colour

12 Color temperature and emotional response Kruithof, 1941 Users noted as the most pleasant color temperature 4100Κ for 500lx Users noted that eitherτ5 fluorescent lamps or LED have the same emotional response Viitanen J., J. Lehtovaara, E. Tetri, L. Halonen. User Preferences in Office Lighting: A Case Study Comparing LED and T5 Lighting, Leukos, 9, 4, (2013)

13 Photo biological hazards Blue light hazard LED, MH with clear tube ΙR Infra Red hazard Photobiological hazards Circadian rhythm disorder? Special halogen lamps UV Ultra Violet hazard MH without filters Blue light hazard: increase distance from the source, no direct contact Circadian disorder: Avoid cold color temperature after dusk ΦΕΚ 145, 1/9/2010, Π.Δ. 82, Lighting Europe, February 2013

14 Can we use 12000K lamps? Users reported as most pleasant color temperature close to 4100Κ and no difference between T5 lamps and LEDs (Office use, 500lux) Viitanen J., J. Lehtovaara, E. Tetri, L. Halonen. User Preferences in Office Lighting: A Case Study Comparing LED and T5 Lighting, Leukos, 9, 4, (2013)

15 Luminous efficacy and T5 lamps (lm/w) 2.700Κ 82,4 lm/w* 75,9 lm/w* 6.500Κ * Without taken account ballast

16 Luminous efficacy and LED (lm/w) 3.000Κ 101,6 lm/w 111,5 lm/w 6.500Κ

17 Luminous efficacy for luminaires (lm/w) luminous flux of lamps luminaire efficiency luminous flux of luminaire Power of lamp Power of Ballast or driver Power of luminaire minimum value for Greece 55 lm/w

18 An example 8.900lm X 75,34% 2 X 54W + ballast 6.705lm 118,8W* 56,44 lm/w 82,4 lm/w** * 20%-25% for electromagnetic ballast, 5%-10% for electronic ballast ** only lamp

19 More standards Technical guidelines: Illuminance levels W/m 2 (Greece: 16 W/m 2 for lighting levels 500lx) Daylight zones Users schedules ΕΝ :2011 Light and lighting Lighting of work places Part 1 Indoor work places EN 15193:2007 Energy performance of buildings. Energy requirements for lighting.

20 W/m 2, maybe it is time for a stricter limit? With a LED retrofit the installation will be lower than 16W/m 2. Is it enough? (EN15193: Energy performance of buildings Energy requirements for lighting)

21 Typical luminous efficacies of lamps and luminaires lm/w Lamp type Luminous efficacy of lamps (lm/w) LOR Luminous efficacy of luminaire (lm/w) Fluorescent Τ % 63 Fluorescent Τ % 56 LED % 112 ΗPS % 98 HPM 60 70% 42 MH % 84 CFL 60 60% 36

22 Less energy efficient lamps are banned COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 245/2009 of 18 March 2009* from April 2015 High Intensity Discharge lamps with low luminous efficacy (lm/w) are banned ΗPM lamps have banned HPM lamp 54,4 60lm/W * EC Regulations are mandatory in Ε.U. countries

23 Can we just replace HPS lamps from 400W to 250W or 150W;? Luminaire HPS 400W Lamp 400W Lamp 250W Replacement; 429,0W 428,1W 100% Στο 99,8% Luminaire HPS 250W Lamp 250W Lamp 150W 288,9W 265,5W 100% Στο 92% Life time; Photometric results;

24 Dimming profiles of ballasts and drivers Doulos T. L. et al. Quantifying energy savings in daylight responsive systems : The role of dimming electronic ballasts, Energy and Buildings 40 (2008) 36 50

25 Light economics 15 luminaires 2Χ36W T8 Installed power 1,3kW 238 lux Scenario Α, retrofit 1 to 1 15 luminaires 38W LED Installed power 0,57kW 227 lux Scenario Β, retrofit with fewer luminaires 10 luminaires 57W LED Installed power 0,57kW Power reduction 56% Reduced maintenance costs 214 lux The feasibility study will result in the selection with the fewest luminaires

26 LED can be dimmed to the proper lighting levels 356 lx, U o 0,72, 7,32W/m 2, 63,7 lm/w Target illuminance: 300lx The same luminaire LED increasing current (and heat sink) can be used for target illuminance 500lx

27 Malpractice with LED driver Fast ageing With proper driver Max 79,1 o C Malpractice Max 151,3 o C

28 Using LED luminaire or Τ8 LED tubes? What is happening with CE; LED Luminaires: more expensive but more efficient and according standards

29 Selecting the proper luminaire Lighting Output Ratio, luminous efficacy Type of the lamps Optical equipment (Lens, anti glare etc) Placement and volume of luminaire IP protection

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33 The selection of the light distribution

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35 Finally the specifications Photometric calculations according ΕΝ Energy national rules High LOR, Luminous Efficacy >90lm/W Power Factor >0,9 Color Temperature 3000Κ-4000Κ, CRI not only Ra8 > 80 but also Ra15 > 80 Replaceable LED modules Heat sink and check with thermophotography

36 More specifications Life time with high LLMF factor Declaration of Conformity CE, Photobiological safety, Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment Directive ROHS, ISO κλπ Proper light distribution Photometric files *.ldt ή *.ies Warranty

37 The placement of the luminaires isn t lighting design

38 Relux a free lighting simulation tool Interior lighting according EN Emergency lighting according EN 1838 Exterior lighting according EN Energy calculations according EN and DIN Road lighting according EN and Tunnel lighting Sensor placement

39 Thank you

40 For luminaires For lighting design Lighting Standards

41 Φωτιστικά σώματα και πρότυπα Declaration of Conformity from manufacturer CE Electromagnetic compatibility Directive (EMC) Low Voltage Directive (LVD) EN ( Ασφάλεια των LED στον γενικό φωτισμό) ΕΝ ( Πρότυπο για τη κατηγοριοποίηση των δομικών μονάδων LED ως προς την φωτοβιολογική καταλληλότητα / ασφάλεια) Πιστοποιητικά ISO 9001:2008 και ISO 14001:2004 για το εργοστάσιο κατασκευής από αναγνωρισμένο φορέα πιστοποίησης Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment Directive (RoHS)

42 Is ENEC necessary; Private logo CE Φωτοβιολογική καταλληλότητα ROHS ISO, however. Υποχρεωτική είναι η σήμανση CE* Δεν είναι υποχρεωτική η πιστοποίηση ΕΝΕC

43 Μετρήσεις διαταραχών CE - EMC Πρότυπο Περιγραφή μέτρησης Θύρα Τάξη EN Αγόμενες διαταραχές 9kHz έως 30MHz AC τροφοδοσία B EN Εκπεμπόμενες διαταραχές 9kHz έως 30MHz Περίβλημα B EN Εκπεμπόμενες διαταραχές 30MHz έως 300MHz Περίβλημα B ΕΝ Διαταραχές αρμονικών ρεύματος AC τροφοδοσία C EN Διακυμάνσεις τάσης AC τροφοδοσία - Δοκιμές ατρωσίας Πρότυπο Περιγραφή μέτρησης Θύρα Επίπεδο Κριτήριο EN Ηλεκτροστατικές εκφορτίσεις Περίβλημα ±8kV αέρος ±4kV επαφής EN RF εκπεμπόμενο ΗΜ πεδίο Περίβλημα 3V/m A EN Ριπές παλμών AC τροφοδοσία ±1kV B EN Ριπές παλμών Signal and telecom. ±1kV B EN Υπερτάσεις - Υπερεντάσεις AC τροφοδοσία L PE ±2kV Lines ±1kV C EN Υπερτάσεις - Υπερεντάσεις Signal and telecom. B EN RF αγόμενο ΗΜ πεδίο AC τροφοδοσία 3V A EN RF αγόμενο ΗΜ πεδίο Signal and telecom. 3V A EN Μαγνητικό πεδίο βιομηχανικής συχνότητας Περίβλημα 3A/m A EN Βυθίσεις και διακοπές τάσεις AC τροφοδοσία 0,5 κύκλος B B Β

44 CE - LVD Δοκιμές ασφάλειας Φωτιστικό Σώμα LED Δρόμου Φωτιστικό Σώμα LED Εσωτερικού Χώρου Φωτιστικό Σώμα LED Χωνευτό Δοκίμιο Υπηρεσία Πρότυπο Αξιολόγηση εξοπλισμού φωτισμού σχετικού με την ανθρώπινη έκθεση σε ηλεκτρομαγνητι-κά πεδία (αν έχουν γίνει οι δοκιμές EMC) Αξιολόγηση εξοπλισμού φωτισμού σχετικού με την ανθρώπινη έκθεση σε ηλεκτρομαγνητι-κά πεδία (αν δεν έχουν γίνει οι δοκιμές EMC) Φωτιστικό Σώμα LED Δοκιμές τύπου Δοκιμές τύπου Δοκιμές τύπου EN EN EN EN EN EN Δοκιμές τύπου EN Δοκιμές τύπου EN Έλεγχος Τεκμηρίωσης για Συμμόρφωση με ROHS -