MINISTRY OF DEFENCE LANGUAGES EXAMINATIONS BOARD

Transcript

1 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE LANGUAGES EXAMINATIONS BOARD DIPLOMA GREEK JUNE 2007 English Base Paper for Reading Task 1 Task 2 Time allowed Military Journal Newspaper Article 60 minutes Candidates should attempt all the questions. All answers must be written in English. All notes, rough work and answers must be written in the booklets provided. Do not turn this page over until instructed to do so. Greek EBP Reading 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 1 of 3

2 Task 1 Military Journal Your task is to translate the following text. Your translation should convey both the content and meaning, as well as reflect the tone and register of the original passage. This passage concerns a NATO training exercise. The Russian Federation frigate RFS Pitliviy will conduct training with NATO from 19 May to 4 June to continue preparations for participation in NATO's anti-terrorism Operation Active Endeavour (OAE). Crewmembers of the frigate have already successfully completed an initial atsea training period while on board RFS Moskva during a Mediterranean deployment in February. The upcoming OAE training event will build on previous experience, extending beyond joint maritime manoeuvring to include compatibility of systems, familiarization with NATO standard procedures, and handling of classified information. Under the Command of Capt Sergey Tronev, the RFS Pitliviy will depart from La Spezia (Italy) on 19 May. During the following at-sea training the frigate will also briefly stop on 20 May in the Bay of Naples. Training will then continue with assistance from the NATO frigate HMS Nottingham which will act as host ship and training partner for RFS Pitliviy. Operation Active Endeavour is NATO's maritime contribution to the fight against terrorism. Launched in October 2001, it continues to conduct surveillance and monitoring operations of the major shipping lanes of the Mediterranean. Greek EBP Reading 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 2 of 3

3 Task 2 Newspaper Article Your task is to translate the following text. Your translation should convey both the content and meaning, as well as reflect the tone and register of the original passage. This passage is about violence in Brazil. Urgent attempts to quell violence in Sao Paulo that has claimed more than 150 lives since May were under way yesterday after three days of attacks in Brazil's largest city. The country's justice minister travelled to Sao Paulo to discuss emergency measures with the state government which has so far rejected offers of federal intervention. The attacks are believed to be the work of a crime gang called PCC. A spokesman for the city s mayor said there had been at least 118 attacks this week causing nine deaths so far. Prison guards and police officers were among those killed. Some 65 buses were set alight as suspected gang members took to the streets armed with petrol bombs and submachine guns. Many parts of the city were brought to a standstill after the bus companies stopped running. Brazil's media have been almost unanimous in labelling the attacks "terrorist actions", while one paper compared the chaos to the Israeli attacks on southern Lebanon. The presidential candidate Cristovam Buarque said Brazil was in the midst of a civil war. Greek EBP Reading 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 3 of 3

4 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE LANGUAGES EXAMINATIONS BOARD DIPLOMA GREEK JUNE 2007 Tapescripts Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Radio Discussion (English Version) Radio Discussion (Greek Version) News Item (English Version) News Item (Greek Version) Military Briefing (English Version) Military Briefing (Greek Version) Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 1 of 13

5 Listening Task 1 Radio Discussion (English Version) The discussion is about competition in society. A. In this evening s programme we d like to welcome Mr/s. (Name) who has just launched a book on the effects of competition in modern society. How are you, Mr/s (Name)? B. Fine, thank you. A. You seem to see competition as a force of evil, is that right?... B. I wouldn t have used those words, but it s true, I think the way the idea of competition has permeated our society has brought us a huge number of negative consequences, including exploitation, corruption, and environmental disasters. A. Yes but we can always find a link between anything. Isn t competition simply part of human nature? In the beginning men would compete for a particular female, for example. Wasn t there competition between tribes for better land, access to water, natural resources...? Don t we still do that? B. There may be a basic level of competition that is instinctive, I agree. But I m more interested in how much competition has shaped a society with questionable values. Combined with other factors, like individualism, we have fostered a group of people who want to take advantage whatever the circumstances. A. Is that so bad?... If you try to be better, it means you re trying to improve and develop. In this sense, competition is a force that helps move society forward. In a world without competition, would there be a place for progress, developments and discoveries? B. The problem is we can t all win. Those who are less competitive are labelled as losers and often lose out materially. And I don t mean only people, but communities and countries. And this is what leads to vandalism and other forms of violence... A. It s an interesting view, but I still think competing can be fun. Sports are a good example. Take the World Cup. National football teams compete and millions of people watch it on TV. Competition brings people together. Of course, there are winners and losers, but everybody enjoys the event. B. But how did they enjoy the game? There s violence amongst supporters and even on the pitch. So really, competition just creates violence. A. Don t you think it s a bit simplistic trying to remove competition from our society?... It s in the very basis of the way it operates, from how work Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 2 of 13

6 environments are set up to the functioning of the global market. It is what moves it forward. B. That s why we ve got to start addressing this issue now! Because the global market has transformed competition into the god of the 21 st century. And the media tell us all we have to be devoted to it. I m not saying it d be possible to eradicate it from our lives, but it d be nicer if we could think of an alternative model, where cooperation, for example, was the main driving force... A. Well, that s certainly food for thought. And I m sure people listening to the programme will agree with that! Thank you for your time. 480 words Main Points for Discussion A Competition is part of human nature Competition is a force that moves society forward and encourages progress, development and discoveries Competition can be positive and fun, like in the sports. Example: football teams in the World Cup It is simplistic to try to eradicate competition from our society because it is in the very basis of the way it operates, from how work environments are set up to the functioning of the global market B The idea of competition in the modern society has generated unpleasant consequences and questionable values, such as exploitation, corruption and environmental disasters Combined with individualism, the idea of competition makes people want to take advantage whatever the circumstances and be better than their peers (colleagues at work, school, neighbours) Since not everybody can win, the less competitive ones (people, communities and countries) are labelled losers Feeding feelings of low self-esteem, social disadjustment and problems like vandalism, terrorism, violence The global market has transformed competition into the 21 st century god, to which we all have to be devoted It would be nicer if there were thoughts of alternative models, where cooperation, for example, was the main driving force A and B agree There can be a basic level of competition that is instinctive, therefore natural. Competition cannot be eradicated from our lives. Points to be given from both speakers Cohesion and 6 out of 8 = SLP4 Cohesion and 4 out of 8 = SLP3 Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 3 of 13

7 Listening Task 1 Radio Discussion (Greek Version) A. Στο αποψινό μας πρόγραμμα θα ήθελα να καλωσορίσω τον κύριο Πέτρου που μόλις δημοσίευσε ένα βιβλίο σχετικά με «τις επιπτώσεις του ανταγωνισμού στη σύγχρονη κοινωνία». Τι κάνετε κύριε Πέτρου; B. Πολύ καλά, ευχαριστώ. A. Φαίνεται πως βλέπετε τον ανταγωνισμό ως «δύναμη του κακού», σωστά; B. Δεν θα χρησιμοποιούσα αυτές τις λέξεις, αλλά είναι αλήθεια, νομίζω πως ο τρόπος που η ιδέα του ανταγωνισμού έχει διαποτίσει την κοινωνία μας έχει επιφέρει ένα τεράστιο αριθμό αρνητικών επιπτώσεων, όπως η εκμετάλλευση, η διαφθορά και οι περιβαλλοντικές καταστροφές. A. Ναι, αλλά πάντοτε μπορούμε να βρούμε σχέσεις ανάμεσα στα πάντα. Δεν είναι ο ανταγωνισμός απλά μέρος της ανθρώπινης φύσης; Για παράδειγμα, στην αρχή, οι άντρες ανταγωνίζονταν για κάποια γυναίκα. Δεν υπήρχε ανταγωνισμός ανάμεσα στις φυλές για καλύτερη γη, πρόσβαση στο νερό, φυσικούς πόρους ; Δεν κάνουμε ακόμη το ίδιο; B. Μπορεί να υπάρχει ένα βασικό επίπεδο ανταγωνισμού που οφείλεται στο ένστικτο, συμφωνώ. Εκείνο που με ενδιαφέρει όμως περισσότερο είναι πώς ο ανταγωνισμός διαμόρφωσε μια κοινωνία με αμφισβητούμενες αξίες. Σε συνδυασμό με άλλους παράγοντες, όπως ο ατομικισμός, έχουμε ενθαρρύνει μια ομάδα ανθρώπων που θέλει να επωφελείται ανεξάρτητα από τις περιστάσεις. A. Και είναι αυτό τόσο κακό ; Αν προσπαθείς να είσαι καλύτερος, σημαίνει ότι προσπαθείς να βελτιωθείς και να αναπτυχθείς. Υπ αυτή την έννοια, ο ανταγωνισμός είναι μια δύναμη που βοηθάει την κοινωνία να πάει μπροστά. Με λίγα λόγια, χωρίς ανταγωνισμό, θα υπήρχε θέση για την πρόοδο, την ανάπτυξη και τις ανακαλύψεις; B. Το πρόβλημα είναι ότι δεν μπορούμε να κερδίζουμε όλοι. Όσοι είναι λιγότερο ανταγωνιστικοί χαρακτηρίζονται ως χαμένοι και συχνά χάνουν στον υλικό τομέα. Και δεν εννοώ μόνο οι άνθρωποι, αλλά και οι κοινότητες και οι χώρες. Και αυτό οδηγεί στο βανδαλισμό και σε άλλες μορφές βίας A. Ενδιαφέρουσα άποψη, αλλά εξακολουθώ να νομίζω ότι ο ανταγωνισμός μπορεί να είναι διασκεδαστικός. Ο αθλητισμός είναι ένα καλό παράδειγμα. Πάρτε το Παγκόσμιο Κύπελο. Οι εθνικές ομάδες ποδοσφαίρου ανταγωνίζονται η μία την άλλη και εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι τις βλέπουν στην τηλεόραση. Ο ανταγωνισμός συνενώνει τους ανθρώπους. Φυσικά, υπάρχουν νικητές και ηττημένοι, αλλά όλοι το απολαμβάνουν. Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 4 of 13

8 B. Πώς όμως απολαμβάνουν το παιχνίδι; Υπάρχει βία ανάμεσα στους οπαδούς, ακόμα και στο γήπεδο. Στην πραγματικότητα λοιπόν, ο ανταγωνισμός δημιουργεί βία. A. Δεν νομίζετε ότι είναι λίγο απλουστευτικό να προσπαθήσουμε να εξαλείψουμε τον ανταγωνισμό από την κοινωνία; Βρίσκεται στην ίδια τη βάση του τρόπου με τον οποίο λειτουργεί, από το πώς συγκροτείται το εργασιακό περιβάλλον μέχρι τη λειτουργία της παγκόσμιας αγοράς. Ο ανταγωνισμός είναι εκείνος που την κινεί προς τα μπρος. B. Γι αυτό πρέπει να αρχίσουμε να αντιμετωπίζουμε αυτό το ζήτημα τώρα! Γιατί η παγκόσμια αγορά έχει μεταμορφώσει τον ανταγωνισμό στο θεό του 21 ου αιώνα. Και τα Μέσα Μαζικής Ενημέρωσης μας λένε ότι όλοι πρέπει να του είμαστε αφοσιωμένοι. Δεν λέω ότι θα είναι δυνατό να τον εξαφανίσουμε από τη ζωή μας, αλλά θα ήταν καλύτερα αν μπορούσαμε να σκεφτούμε ένα εναλλακτικό μοντέλο, όπου η συνεργασία, για παράδειγμα, θα ήταν η κύρια κινητήριος δύναμη A. Σίγουρα αυτά που μας είπατε αξίζει να τα σκεφτούμε. Και είμαι βέβαιος ότι όσοι ακούνε το πρόγραμμα θα συμφωνήσουν! Σας ευχαριστώ για το χρόνο που μας διαθέσατε. Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 5 of 13

9 Listening Task 2 News Item (English Version) The news item is about a law suit against British Petroleum (BP). A group of Colombian farmers has agreed a multimillion pound settlement with BP after the British oil and gas company was accused of benefiting from a regime of terror carried out by Colombian paramilitaries to protect a 500-mile pipeline. Many of the 1,000 farmers and their family members who worked on 52 farms affected by the development, say they have since been forced to live in destitution in the surrounding towns. They alleged that BP benefited from harassment and intimidation meted out by Colombian paramilitaries employed by the government to guard the pipeline. It was never alleged that BP had any involvement in any of the paramilitaries' activities. Last year, the farmers instructed British lawyers to bring a human rights challenge in the High Court in London to support their claim for compensation of 15m. In settlement of the dispute, BP Exploration Company (Colombia) has agreed to set up a trust fund to pay compensation. BP will also pay for workshops to help the farmers cope with environmental management, business development and the company will also supply other support requested. The total package is not believed to be as much as the 15m first claimed, but is a substantial multimillion pound payout. The mutually agreed deal means that BP does not have to admit any liability and has avoided a costly and potentially embarrassing court case in London. Colombian lawyers who tried to help the farmers claimed they faced intimidation by local paramilitary groups. One of the farmers' lawyers fled Colombia for Britain when she discovered that her name was on a paramilitary hit list. In November 2002, the Home Office granted her political asylum after she told of the threats she faced while working in the region. Last year, a team of solicitors from a British legal firm flew out to meet the farmers. Martyn Day, the lead partner, said after the meeting that it was clear that the families were once respected and well-off members of the local community who had been financially ruined. As soon as the construction work began more than 10 years ago, the farmers said they noticed an impact on the local water table. Natural springs that local people had relied on for hundreds of years began to dry up, while other farmers complained of flooding. Crops failed, fishponds became unsustainable and livestock perished in the fields. Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 6 of 13

10 But BP insisted throughout that it has acted responsibly and that landowners were fairly compensated during the construction of the pipeline. BP Exploration was the driving force behind the consortium that owns the Ocensa oil pipeline, which runs 500 miles from the oilfields in the region of Casanare to the port of Covenas, and has a pumping capacity of 620,000 barrels per day. 458 words Marking Guide Multimillion pound settlement awarded to Colombian farmers BP accused of benefiting from paramilitary activities Paramilitaries employed by Colombian government Farmers formerly well off now destitute Effects of construction work (pipeline) were crop failure etc Trust fund set up for environment, business development BP admits no liability Sub points Colombian lawyers faced intimidation Case brought in Britain 75% of information + cohesion = SLP4 (5 main points) 50% of information + cohesion = SLP3 (3 main points) Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 7 of 13

11 Listening Task 2 News Item (Greek Version) Μια ομάδα κολομβιανών αγροτών συμφώνησε σε ένα διακανονισμό με την BP αξίας πολλών εκατομμυρίων, όταν η βρετανική εταιρεία φυσικού αερίου και πετρελαίου κατηγορήθηκε ότι επωφελούνταν από το καθεστώς τρόμου που επέβαλαν οι κολομβιανοί παραστρατιωτικοί για να προστατεύσουν τον πετρελαιαγωγό μήκους 500 μιλίων. Πολλοί από τους 1000 αγρότες και τα μέλη των οικογενειών τους που εργάζονταν σε 52 αγροκτήματα που υπέστησαν συνέπειες από την ανάπτυξη, δηλώνουν ότι έκτοτε έχουν υποχρεωθεί να ζουν σε συνθήκες φτώχειας στις γύρω πόλεις. Ισχυρίζονται ότι η BP επωφελήθηκε από τις παρενοχλήσεις και τον εκφοβισμό που σκορπίζανε οι κολομβιανοί παραστρατιωτικοί τους οποίους είχε προσλάβει η κυβέρνηση για να φυλάσσουν τον πετρελαιαγωγό. Ποτέ δεν διατυπώθηκε ο ισχυρισμός ότι η BP είχε οποιαδήποτε ανάμειξη σε κάποια από τις δραστηριότητες των παραστρατιωτικών. Πέρυσι, οι αγρότες έδωσαν οδηγίες σε βρετανούς δικηγόρους να εγείρουν θέμα ανθρωπίνων δικαιωμάτων στο Ανώτατο Δικαστήριο στο Λονδίνο για να υποστηρίξουν την αξίωσή τους για αποζημίωση ύψους 15 εκατομμυρίων λιρών. Για το διακανονισμό της αντιδικίας, η BP Exploration Company (Κολομβία) συμφώνησε να δημιουργήσει ένα καταπιστευτικό ταμείο για να πληρώσει την αποζημίωση. Η BP θα πληρώσει επίσης εργαστήρια για να βοηθήσει τους αγρότες να αντιμετωπίσουν τη διαχείριση του περιβάλλοντος και την ανάπτυξη των επιχειρηματικών δραστηριοτήτων ενώ η εταιρεία θα παρέχει επίσης και άλλου είδους υποστήριξη που ζητήθηκε. Το συνολικό πακέτο δεν πιστεύεται ότι ανέρχεται στα 15 εκατομμύρια λίρες που ζητήθηκαν αρχικά, αλλά αποτελεί ουσιαστική πληρωμή αξίας πολλών εκατομμυρίων. Η αμοιβαία συμφωνία σημαίνει ότι η BP δεν χρειάζεται να αναλάβει οποιαδήποτε ευθύνη ενώ απέφυγε έναν δαπανηρό και πιθανόν ταπεινωτικό δικαστικό αγώνα στο Λονδίνο. Οι κολομβιανοί δικηγόροι που προσπάθησαν να βοηθήσουν τους αγρότες ισχυρίζονται ότι αντιμετώπισαν εκφοβισμό από τις τοπικές παραστρατιωτικές ομάδες. Μία από τις δικηγόρους των αγροτών έφυγε από την Κολομβία για την Αγγλία όταν ανακάλυψε ότι το όνομά της βρισκόταν σε λίστα με υποψήφια θύματα των παραστρατιωτικών. Το Νοέμβριο του 2002, το υπουργείο Εσωτερικών της Βρετανίας τής παραχώρησε πολιτικό άσυλο αφού ανέφερε τις απειλές που αντιμετώπιζε εργαζόμενη στην περιοχή. Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 8 of 13

12 Πέρυσι, μια ομάδα δικηγόρων ενός βρετανικού δικηγορικού γραφείου πήγε να συναντήσει τους αγρότες. Ο επικεφαλής τους, Μάρτιν Ντέι, δήλωσε μετά τη συνάντηση ότι οι οικογένειες κάποτε ήταν σεβαστά και εύπορα μέλη της τοπικής κοινότητας τα οποία καταστράφηκαν οικονομικά. Οι αγρότες δήλωσαν ότι, μόλις άρχισαν οι κατασκευαστικές εργασίες πριν από πάνω από 10 χρόνια, παρατήρησαν αλλαγές στον τοπικό υδροφόρο ορίζοντα. Οι φυσικές πηγές νερού στις οποίες βασίζονταν οι ντόπιοι εδώ και εκατοντάδες χρόνια άρχισαν να στερεύουν, ενώ άλλοι αγρότες παραπονιούνταν για πλημμύρες. Οι καλλιέργειες καταστρέφονταν, οι μικρές λίμνες δεν ήταν πια βιώσιμες και τα ζώα πέθαιναν στους αγρούς. Η BP όμως επέμενε ότι ενήργησε με υπευθυνότητα και ότι οι ιδιοκτήτες γης αποζημιώθηκαν δίκαια κατά τη διάρκεια της κατασκευής του πετρελαιαγωγού. H BP Exploration ήταν η κινητήρια δύναμη πίσω από το κονσόρτιουμ που είναι ιδιοκτήτης του πετρελαιαγωγού Ocensa, που διατρέχει 500 μίλια από τις πετρελαιοπηγές στην περιοχή Κασανάρε μέχρι το λιμάνι της Κοβένας και έχει δυνατότητα άντλησης βαρέλια την ημέρα. 479 words Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 9 of 13

13 Listening Task 3 Military Briefing (English Version) Ladies and Gentlemen, I have three items for you today. Firstly the MOD s comment on operations in Pakistan, secondly on a new vessel for the Royal Navy and finally on operations in Helmand. We have received reports that American forces missed the opportunity to capture or kill bin Laden two years ago because of a delay in granting permission for operations to take place on Pakistani soil. This has come to light because of the recent raid carried out by US forces in northern Pakistan, apparently without any prior permission from the Pakistani authorities. The Americans are quoting this earlier incident as a justification for not informing the Pakistanis of their intentions. Apparently the Americans had picked up electronic traffic which suggested that bin Laden had sought temporary shelter in a region where the tribesmen are broadly sympathetic to the Taliban and to al-qaeda. The delay in giving permission for operations on Pakistani soil led to bin Laden being able to escape. The Americans are suspicious of the reasons given for the delay and have suggested that Pakistani intelligence officials caused the delay in order to give bin Laden time to escape. The Pakistanis deny the charge. On to my second item. There has been much speculation in the press about the commitment of the Government to the shipbuilding programme announced by the Government as part of the Strategic Defence Review. This speculation has come on the back of the launch recently of HMS Daring, the first of the Navy s new Type 45 destroyers. Originally the Government indicated that it required 12 such destroyers but this commitment has now been officially scaled back to 8. However, firm orders for the building of ships numbers 7 and 8 have not yet been forthcoming. Further, financial cuts of 145m have curtailed some of the more advanced capabilities of the ships. The type 45 is an impressive ship. It has the tallest radar mast of any naval ship built, a flight deck large enough for 20 London buses and a fitness centre for its 190 crew. It is also the first ship to have been designed from the start to have women on board. And finally, I would like to give you the MOD s assessment of the tasks facing the coalition forces operating in the Helmand region. In the past operations have been largely offensive and focussed on trying to defeat the terrorists. Whilst there have been successes, nevertheless it is true to say that the security situation has worsened. It is important to realise that we are dealing here not only with the Taliban and al-qaeda but also with local militias and drug warlords. An incident could be as a result of Taliban or al-qaeda actions, a drug quarrel or a tribal feud. This region accounts for three quarters of the Afghani opium crop and is expected to increase this year by over 90%. If we destroy the drug crop and thereby take away the livelihood of the farmers, we will invite actions against ourselves. It is vital therefore that the drug question is tackled and solved before any real improvement in the security situation can be expected. 526 words Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 10 of 13

14 Marking Guide 75% of the following plus demonstration that the thrust of the item has been fully understood. What does the speaker say about: Operations in the Pakistani border regions Reports received confirming that US missed bin Laden in 2004 due to delay by Pakistanis approving mission on their territory US made this public to justify recent attack by US in northern Pakistan without prior approval Americans identified bin Laden s whereabouts from electronic traffic in area where tribesmen are sympathetic The delay in giving permission for ops on Pakistani soil led to bin Laden escaping Americans suspect Pakistani intelligence of deliberately delaying permission so that bin Laden could escape The Pakistanis reject this The new Royal Navy Doubts expressed in press over government's commitment to the new ship building programmes for the Navy New type 45 destroyer just launched Originally 12 were envisaged under Strategic Defence Review but reduced to 8 now Furthermore, no orders have been received to build ships number 7 and 8 leading to doubts Financial cuts (of 145m) have also reduced future capabilities Type 45 an impressive ship (some details: tallest radar mast, flight deck big enough for 20 buses, fitness centre for its 190 crew) First ship designed from beginning to have women on board Operations in Helmand Assessment of task facing coalition forces in Helmand province In the past ops focussed on defeating the terrorist were largely offensive Despite this, fair to say security has worsened Must realise that we are dealing not only with Taliban and al-qaeda but also local militias and drug warlords This region accounts for ¾ of the Afghani opium production If we destroy the drug crop and take away the livelihood of local farmers, we will invite action against ourselves No improvement in situation until this problem is tackled Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 11 of 13

15 Listening Task 3 Military Briefing (Greek Version) Κυρίες και κύριοι, σήμερα έχω τρία θέματα για σας. Πρώτο, τα σχόλια του υπουργείου Άμυνας για τις επιχειρήσεις στο Πακιστάν, δεύτερο το νέο σκάφος του Βασιλικού Ναυτικού και τρίτο οι επιχειρήσεις στο Χέλμαντ. Λάβαμε αναφορές ότι οι αμερικανικές δυνάμεις έχασαν την ευκαιρία να συλλάβουν ή να σκοτώσουν τον Μπιν Λάντεν πριν από δύο χρόνια εξαιτίας της καθυστέρησης χορήγησης άδειας για επιχειρήσεις στο πακιστανικό έδαφος. Το γεγονός αυτό έγινε γνωστό εξαιτίας της πρόσφατης επιδρομής που διεξήγαγαν οι αμερικανικές δυνάμεις στο βόρειο Πακιστάν, χωρίς πρότερη άδεια από τις πακιστανικές αρχές απ ό,τι φαίνεται. Οι Αμερικανοί αναφέρονται σ αυτό το παλαιότερο γεγονός για να δικαιολογηθούν που δεν ειδοποίησαν τους Πακιστανούς για τις προθέσεις τους. Απ ό,τι φαίνεται, οι Αμερικανοί είχαν παρακολουθήσει ανταλλαγή ηλεκτρονικών μηνυμάτων που υποδείκνυαν ότι ο Μπιν Λάντεν είχε βρει προσωρινό καταφύγιο σε μια περιοχή όπου τοι φύλαρχοι είναι γενικά φιλικά διακείμενοι προς τους Ταλιμπάν και την Αλ Κάιντα. Λόγω της καθυστέρησης στην άδεια για επιχειρήσεις στο πακιστανικό έδαφος, ο Μπιν Λάντεν κατάφερε να διαφύγει. Οι Αμερικανοί είναι καχύποπτοι για τους λόγους που δόθηκαν για την καθυστέρηση και υπαινίχθηκαν ότι οι αξιωματούχοι της πακιστανικής υπηρεσίας πληροφοριών προκάλεσαν την καθυστέρηση για να δώσουν χρόνο στον Μπιν Λάντεν να διαφύγει. Οι Πακιστανοί αρνούνται την κατηγορία αυτή. Στο δεύτερο θέμα μας τώρα. Λέγονται πολλά στον τύπο γύρω από την κυβερνητική δέσμευση στο ναυπηγικό πρόγραμμα που εξήγγειλε η κυβέρνηση ως μέρος της Αναθεώρησης Στρατηγικής Άμυνας. Τα σχόλια αυτά διατυπώθηκαν μετά την πρόσφατη καθέλκυση του πλοίου Daring, του πρώτου από τα αντιτορπιλικά Τύπου 45 του Ναυτικού. Αρχικά, η κυβέρνηση ανέφερε ότι χρειαζόταν 12 αντιτορπιλικά αυτού του είδους αλλά η αριθμός αυτός μειώθηκε επισήμως στα 8. Εξάλλου, σαφείς εντολές για τη ναυπήγηση πλοίων αριθμού 7 και 8 δεν έχουν δοθεί ακόμη. Περεταίρω χρηματικές περικοπές ύψους 145 εκατομμυρίων λιρών έχουν περιορίσει μερικές από τις πιο προηγμένες ικανότητες των πλοίων. Το πλοίο τύπου 45 είναι εντυπωσιακό. Έχει τον υψηλότερο πυλώνα ραντάρ από οποιοδήποτε άλλο πλοίο έχει ναυπηγηθεί μέχρι τώρα, ένα κατάστρωμα πτήσεων τόσο μεγάλο που μπορεί να χωρέσει 20 λεωφορεία του Λονδίνου και ένα γυμναστήριο για τα 190 του πληρώματος. Επίσης, είναι το πρώτο πλοίο που έχει κατασκευαστεί για να μεταφέρει γυναίκες. Και τέλος, θα ήθελα να σας δώσω την αξιολόγηση του υπουργείου Άμυνας για τα προβλήματα που έχουν να αντιμετωπίσουν οι δυνάμεις της συμμαχίας στην περιοχή Χέλμαντ. Στο παρελθόν, οι επιχειρήσεις ήταν κυρίως επιθετικές και επικεντρώνονταν στην προσπάθεια να καταπολεμήσουν τους τρομοκράτες. Αν και υπήρχαν επιτυχίες, είναι αλήθεια ότι η κατάσταση της ασφάλειας έχει επιδεινωθεί. Είναι σημαντικό να καταλάβουμε ότι στην περιοχή αυτή δεν έχουμε να αντιμετωπίσουμε μόνο τους Ταλιμπάν και την Αλ Κάιντα, αλλά και τους ντόπιους αντάρτες και τους έμπορους ναρκωτικών. Ένα περιστατικό μπορεί να οφείλεται στις ενέργειες των Ταλιμπάν ή της Αλ Κάιντα ή ακόμα σε μια διαμάχη για τα ναρκωτικά ή μια βεντέτα ανάμεσα σε διαφορετικές φυλές. Στην περιοχή Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 12 of 13

16 αυτή καλλιεργούνται τα δύο τρίτα της παραγωγής οπίου του Αφγανιστάν και αναμένεται ότι η παραγωγή θα αυξηθεί φέτος κατά 90%. Αν καταστρέψουμε τη σοδειά του οπίου, θα στερήσουμε τους αγρότες από τα προς το ζην και κατά συνέπεια θα προκαλέσουμε αντιδράσεις εναντίον μας. Ως εκ τούτου, είναι ζωτικής σημασίας να αντιμετωπιστεί και να επιλυθεί το ζήτημα των ναρκωτικών πριν μπορέσουμε να αναμένουμε οποιαδήποτε πραγματική βελτίωση στην κατάσταση της ασφάλειας. 534 words Greek Tapescripts 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 13 of 13

17 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE LANGUAGES EXAMINATIONS BOARD DIPLOMA GREEK JUNE 2007 Examiners' Pack Speaking Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Time allowed Task 1 Preparation Transaction Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Transacting Business General Conversation Consecutive Interpreting Situational Interpreting 55 minutes (maximum) 10 minutes 15 minutes approx. 10 minutes approx. 5 minutes approx. 10 minutes approx. Contents Page 1 Cover Sheet Page 2 Task 1 Page 3 Task 1 Page 4 Task 1 Page 5 Task 1 Page 6 Task 2 Page 7 Task 3 Page 8 Task 4 Page 9 Task 4 Page10 Task 4 Transacting Business Examiners Brief Transacting Business Service Colleagues Checklist Transacting Business Candidates Brief Transacting Business Comparison Sheet General Conversation Examiners Brief Consecutive Interpreting Examiners Brief Situational Interpreting (English Version) Service Colleagues Brief Situational Interpreting (English Greek Version) Service Colleagues Brief Situational Interpreting (Greek Version) Examiners Brief Greek Examiners' Pack 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 1 of 10

18 Task 1 Transacting Business Examiners Brief Scenario: Meeting with local mayor to discuss the deployment of UN peacekeepers to the local town. Candidate Examiner Service Colleague Thank you for agreeing to this meeting. We need to discuss the deployment of peacekeepers to the area. I realise that this is an international decision, but if you want my opinion, it would be easier if you didn t come. Doesn t want us here. Our soldiers are highly trained and experienced in peacekeeping. They are sensitive to the local situation. We would like to arrange a meeting of local leaders as soon as possible to explain the nature of our mission here. As you know we are here to help maintain the police, not provoke anyone. Could you help? We would also like to know more about the situation here. We have heard reports of hostage taking. Is this accurate? Have there been any fatalities? And what about food? We have heard that food is in scarce supply here. We would also like to try and create a rapport with local people in this town. What would be your suggestions as to how to do this? Up till now we have resolved our local differences by ourselves. I don t see why we can t do so again. All that happens is that we have one more target to shoot at. A blue helmet is easy to spot. Some leaders won t talk to each other let alone talk to you. You will have to approach them one by one. If not, some could think that you are favouring one or the other side and that would certainly provoke violence. I can talk to some of them and they may put you in touch with others. Yes, it happens a lot. Rebels or people saying they re rebels take hostages and ask for money. Recently they ve started targeting aid workers. That s why some of the food distribution centres and hospitals have closed. Not yet. Up till now everyone has paid the ransom and the hostages have been released. The demands have not been too high, though of course that could change. That depends. For some it is. The harvest failed this year and some have to rely on aid handouts. In addition, some people attack the convoys and then sell food in exchange for money or land. I don t know that you will be able to. Many people have come up to me and told me they don t want you here. You will be better off staying inside your base. You could, of course, make financial donations to the community. Local disputes have been resolved by locals up till now. Blue helmets are just another (easy) target. Better to approach each leader in turn so as not to show favouritism and provoke violence. Mayor can contact some who may help us contact others. Yes rebels (so called) take people for money. Recently they have been targeting aid workers. Food centres and hospitals closed as a result. No deaths yet. Ransoms generally paid and hostages released. Ransom demands relatively small up till now. Those who depend on food aid go hungry as people steal it and sell it on. Best to stay in base. Donations. Greek Examiners' Pack 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 2 of 10

19 Task 1 Transacting Business Service Colleagues Checklist For reference you have in this set of papers the Examiners Brief, the Candidates Brief, and on page 5 a Comparison Sheet with the cues for the candidate, for the native speaker, and for you as Service Colleague. Your task in the examination is to check in English the information, which the candidate brings back from a dialogue with the native speaker examiner. On completion of the transaction you will receive a 5 minute brief from your Greek speaker. Scenario: Your Greek speaker has been sent to meet with a local mayor following an incident in which some civilians were shot. Checklist The mayor doesn t want us here. He thinks local disputes have been resolved by locals up till now. o Blue helmets are just another (easy) target. If we want to meet local leaders, better to approach each leader in turn so as not to show favouritism and provoke violence. o Mayor can contact some who may help us contact others. Yes rebels (so called) take people for money. o Recently they have been targeting aid workers. o Food centres and hospitals closed as a result. No deaths yet. o Ransoms generally paid and hostages released. o Ransom demands relatively small up till now. Those who depend on food aid go hungry as people steal it and sell it on. To create rapport it would be best to stay in base. o You could also possibly give donations. Greek Examiners' Pack 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 3 of 10

20 Task 1 Transacting Business Candidates Brief Scenario: You are representing a UN advance party and have been sent to meet a local mayor to discuss parameters for a UN presence in his town. You also need to discuss the situation in the region and relations with local communities. You have 10 minutes to prepare before meeting the mayor. On completion of the transaction you have 5 minutes to brief your commanding officer (played by the Service Colleague) in English on the outcome. From: Your CO To: You Re: Deployment As you know we have been asked to deploy to an area in the east of the country where there has been some unrest between tribal factions. Please meet the mayor of the largest city there to discuss parameters for our deployment and to gauge the mood on the ground. Explain the purpose of the meeting. Find out the following: The local reaction to having UN troops stationed. o Explain that UN service personnel are highly trained and experienced in peacekeeping. If the mayor can help us set up a meeting with local leaders. o We would like to explain the mission, the fact that we are here to support the police, not to antagonise people. Information about hostage taking. o We have heard reports about this and must gauge accuracy. If any of the kidnappings have resulted in hostages being killed. Food supply. o We understand food is scarce. If he has ideas to help build rapport with the local community in the town. Report back on your return. Greek Examiners' Pack 0607DIP Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 4 of 10

21 Task 1 Transacting Business Comparison Sheet Scenario: Meeting with local mayor to discuss the deployment of UN peacekeepers to the local town. Candidate Examiner Service Colleague Thank you for agreeing to this meeting. We need to discuss the deployment of peacekeepers to the area. I realise that this is an international decision, but if you want my opinion, it would be easier if you didn t come. Doesn t want us here. Our soldiers are highly trained and experienced in peacekeeping. They are sensitive to the local situation. We would like to arrange a meeting of local leaders as soon as possible to explain the nature of our mission here. As you know we are here to help maintain the police, not provoke anyone. Could you help? We would also like to know more about the situation here. We have heard reports of hostage taking. Is this accurate? Have there been any fatalities? And what about food? We have heard that food is in scarce supply here. We would also like to try and create a rapport with local people in this town. What would be your suggestions as to how to do this? Up till now we have resolved our local differences by ourselves. I don t see why we can t do so again. All that happens is that we have one more target to shoot at. A blue helmet is easy to spot. Some leaders won t talk to each other let alone talk to you. You will have to approach them one by one. If not, some could think that you are favouring one or the other side and that would certainly provoke violence. I can talk to some of them and they may put you in touch with others. Yes, it happens a lot. Rebels or people saying they re rebels take hostages and ask for money. Recently they ve started targeting aid workers. That s why some of the food distribution centres and hospitals have closed. Not yet. Up till now everyone has paid the ransom and the hostages have been released. The demands have not been too high, though of course that could change. That depends. For some it is. The harvest failed this year and some have to rely on aid handouts. In addition, some people attack the convoys and then sell food in exchange for money or land. I don t know that you will be able to. Many people have come up to me and told me they don t want you here. You will be better off staying inside your base. You could, of course, make financial donations to the community. Local disputes have been resolved by locals up till now. Blue helmets are just another (easy) target. Better to approach each leader in turn so as not to show favouritism and provoke violence. Mayor can contact some who may help us contact others. Yes rebels (so called) take people for money. Recently they have been targeting aid workers. Food centres and hospitals closed as a result. No deaths yet. Ransoms generally paid and hostages released. Ransom demands relatively small up till now. Those who depend on food aid go hungry as people steal it and sell it on. Best to stay in base. Donations. University of Westminster Greek Examiners Pack 0607DIP & Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 5 of 10

22 Task 2 General Conversation Examiners' Brief Conduct a general conversation with the candidate. The conversation should last approximately 10 minutes and revolve around topics of current interest. The exact nature of the topics will be decided on the day of the exam. Below are boxes for you to make notes for your own guidance. Social or cultural matters at local or regional level National or regional issues International issues University of Westminster Greek Examiners Pack 0607DIP & Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 6 of 10

23 Task 3 Consecutive Interpreting (from English into Greek) Examiners' Brief Instructions (given by Service Colleague) I will play the role of a British giving a press briefing regarding check points. You are required to give a gist interpretation of this short passage in Greek. You are strongly advised to take notes during the reading, and you should start your interpretation just after I have finished speaking. Ladies and Gentlemen, there have been press reports criticising the behaviour of our troops at check points. In the light of recent roadside bombs planted in vehicles, it is important for cars to be thoroughly checked. As the number of attacks has increased in the last three months, it is understandable that personnel are nervous. If you had doubts whether an approaching vehicle contained a bomb or not, you too would be nervous. Soldiers have been the targets of too many attacks. Please respond immediately to instructions from the soldiers. Please also be understanding about their behaviour. Thank you. University of Westminster Greek Examiners Pack 0607DIP & Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 7 of 10

24 Task 4 Situational Interpreting (English Version) Service Colleagues Brief Your task as Service Colleague is to explain the conduct of the Situational Interpreting to the candidate, and then take part in the scenario. NOTE: No pauses allowed. On meeting the examiner, you are required to act out the Situational Interpreting scenario. You should read the following instructions to the candidate: The role play: You will be the interpreter, the examiner will play the part of the native speaker, and I, the Service Colleague, will represent the British military. Scenario: Meeting between a British officer and a rebel leader with regard to service personnel that are being held hostage. Rebel Rebel Rebel Rebel Rebel Rebel Thank you for agreeing to see me. I would like to discuss the situation of the soldiers you are holding hostage. What about the hostages? We would like your assurance that they are being treated properly and that no harm will come to them. Well they are being treated appropriately. They are getting food and water if that s what you mean. As to the question of no harm, that depends on you really. You must understand that our role here is as UN peacekeepers. We are impartial. We are not able to grant either you or the government forces any demands. But you do have contact with the government and it was the government who asked you to come here in the first place. I m sure that your opinions are listened to. Both sides agreed to our presence here and really that is a question of negotiation between you and them. It has nothing to do with the people you are holding. We have lost many fighters in battles with you. How can you say that this has nothing to do with you? Our terms of engagement are only to return fire. I m sure you understand that if we come under fire we have a right to defend ourselves. But you don t seem to defend yourselves against government troops in the same way. So far that hasn t been necessary. We have also strayed from the purpose of the meeting. Is it possible to have access to the hostages? No, not until the government meets our terms. I will speak to them, but I can t guarantee their decision. University of Westminster Greek Examiners Pack 0607DIP & Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 8 of 10

25 Task 4 Situational Interpreting (English/Greek Version) Examiners Brief NOTE: No pauses allowed. On meeting the service colleague, you are required to act out the Situational Interpreting scenario. Your task is to take part in a role-play and assess the candidate's interpreting performance. Αντάρτης Αντάρτης Αντάρτης Αντάρτης Αντάρτης Αντάρτης Thank you for agreeing to see me. I would like to discuss the situation of the soldiers you are holding hostage. Τι θέλετε να μάθετε για τους ομήρους; We would like your assurance that they are being treated properly and that no harm will come to them. Τους συμπεριφερόμαστε όπως πρέπει. Τους δίνουμε φαγητό και νερό, αν εννοείτε αυτό. Όσο για το αν πρόκειται τους κάνουμε κακό, αυτό εξαρτάται από εσάς. You must understand that our role here is as UN peacekeepers. We are impartial. We are not able to grant either you or the government forces any demands. Έχετε όμως επαφές με την κυβέρνηση, και αρχικά η κυβέρνηση σας ζήτησε να έρθετε εδώ. Είμαι σίγουρος ότι οι απόψεις σας εισακούονται. Both sides agreed to our presence here and really that is a question of negotiation between you and them. It has nothing to do with the people you are holding. Έχουμε χάσει πολλούς άντρες σε μάχες με τις δικές σας δυνάμεις. Πώς μπορείτε να λέτε ότι το όλο θέμα δεν έχει σχέση με σας; Our terms of engagement are only to return fire. I m sure you understand that if we come under fire we have a right to defend ourselves. Δεν φαίνεται όμως να υπερασπίζεστε τους εαυτούς σας εναντίον της κυβέρνησης με τον ίδιο τρόπο. So far that hasn t been necessary. We have also strayed from the purpose of the meeting. Is it possible to have access to the hostages? Όχι, όχι μέχρι η κυβέρνηση να εκπληρώσει τους όρους μας. I will speak to them, but I can t guarantee their decision. University of Westminster Greek Examiners Pack 0607DIP & Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 9 of 10

26 Task 4 Situational Interpreting (Greek Version) Examiners Brief NOTE: No pauses allowed. On meeting the service colleague, you are required to act out the Situational Interpreting scenario. Your task is to take part in a role-play and assess the candidate's interpreting performance. Αξιωματικός Σας ευχαριστώ που συμφωνήσατε να με δείτε. Θα ήθελα να συζητήσουμε την κατάσταση των στρατιωτών που κρατάτε ομήρους. Αντάρτης Τι θέλετε να μάθετε για τους ομήρους; Αξιωματικός Θα θέλαμε να μας βεβαιώσετε ότι τους συμπεριφέρεστε καλά και ότι δεν θα τους κάνετε κακό. Αντάρτης Τους συμπεριφερόμαστε όπως πρέπει. Τους δίνουμε φαγητό και νερό, αν εννοείτε αυτό. Όσο για το αν πρόκειται τους κάνουμε κακό, αυτό εξαρτάται από εσάς. Αξιωματικός Πρέπει να καταλάβετε ότι είμαστε εδώ ως ειρηνευτική δύναμη του ΟΗΕ. Δεν παίρνουμε θέση. Δεν μπορούμε να ανταποκριθούμε στις απαιτήσεις ούτε τις δικές σας ούτε των κυβερνητικών δυνάμεων. Αντάρτης Έχετε όμως επαφές με την κυβέρνηση, και αρχικά η κυβέρνηση σας ζήτησε να έρθετε εδώ. Είμαι σίγουρος ότι οι απόψεις σας εισακούονται. Αξιωματικός Και οι δύο πλευρές συμφώνησαν για την παρουσία μας εδώ και στην πραγματικότητα το ζήτημα είναι να υπάρξουν διαπραγματεύσεις ανάμεσα σε σας και σε εκείνους. Δεν έχει σχέση με τα άτομα που κρατάτε ομήρους. Αντάρτης Έχουμε χάσει πολλούς άντρες σε μάχες με τις δικές σας δυνάμεις. Πώς μπορείτε να λέτε ότι το όλο θέμα δεν έχει σχέση με σας; Αξιωματικός Οι δικοί μας όροι εμπλοκής είναι μόνο να ανταποδίδουμε τα πυρά. Είμαι σίγουρος ότι καταλαβαίνετε πως αν δεχτούμε πυρά έχουμε το δικαίωμα να υπερασπίσουμε τους εαυτούς μας. Αντάρτης Δεν φαίνεται όμως να υπερασπίζεστε τους εαυτούς σας εναντίον της κυβέρνησης με τον ίδιο τρόπο. Αξιωματικός Μέχρι τώρα αυτό δεν ήταν απαραίτητο. Όμως ξεφύγαμε από το σκοπό της συνάντησής μας. Είναι δυνατό να έχουμε πρόσβαση στους ομήρους; Αντάρτης Όχι, όχι μέχρι η κυβέρνηση να εκπληρώσει τους όρους μας. Αξιωματικός Θα μιλήσω στην κυβέρνηση, αλλά δεν μπορώ να σας εγγυηθώ για την απόφασή της. University of Westminster Greek Examiners Pack 0607DIP & Ministry of Defence Languages Examinations Board Page 10 of 10