Introduction. Today, modern agriculture uses chemical fertilizers & pesticides.

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1 Nature Farming Resilient to Climate Change Risk and Nutrientional Problem Central Hotel, Yangon

2 Introduction Today, modern agriculture uses chemical fertilizers & pesticides. Excessive use of agro-chemicals causes environmental pollutions and soil degradation. Alternative way Organic Agriculture, Nature Farming, Sustainable Agriculture, Environmental Friendly Agriculture, etc. 2

Excessive use of agro-chemicals causes environmental pollutions and

3 (1) What is Nature Farming သဘ ၀စ က ပ စနစ ဆ တ ဘ လ Farming system which rely on natural power. (2) Nature Farming Strategy သဘ ၀စ က ပ ရ နည ဗ ဟ (a) Soil management (Nutrient Store House) (b) Seed selection and treatment (c) Growth management (d) Plant Protection (3) Organic Technology for Nature Farming သဘ ၀စ က ပ ရ အတ က ၾသဂ နစ နည ပည (1) Good quality Compost (2) Microbe Technology (3) Chitosan technology (4) Vermicultue Technology (5) Bamboo Vinegar Production (6) Rice husk charcoal

treatment (c) Growth management (d) Plant Protection (3) Organic Technology for Nature Farming သဘ ၀စ က ပ ရ အတ က ၾသဂ နစ

4 Forest deforestation Virgin Soil after 3 5 years high fertility high fertility high yield & quality high yield & quality Pest & disease low Pest & disease low natural power virgin soil effect Farm land low fertility low yield & quality Pest & disease - high soil degradation Natural ecosystem near to Natural ecosystem Agro-ecosystem Beneficial microbes: prevalent Beneficial microbes: prevalent Beneficial microbes: suppress Pathogens: suppress Pathogens: suppress Pathogen: prevalent Pest: suppress Pest: suppress Pest: prevalent ( increased ( increased ( decreased microbial diversity) microbial diversity) microbial diversity) 4

ecosystem Agro-ecosystem Beneficial microbes: prevalent Beneficial microbes: prevalent Beneficial microbes: suppress Pathogens: suppress Pathogens: suppress

5 Definition of EM Effective microorganisms or EM are mixed culture of beneficial microorganisms that can be applied as inoculants to increase the microbial diversity of soil and plant, which, in turn can improve soil health growth, yield and quality of crops. EM contains 5 families, 10 genera and 80 species of coexisting microorganism All EM microbes are from nature (forest soil/ fertile soil)

turn can improve soil health growth, yield and quality of crops.

6 collect Effective Beneficial Microorganisms from Forest soil (Natural ecosystem) Apply in the field 6

7 Climate Change Concept

9 Power (24%) GHG emissions in 2000, by source Industry (14%) Other Energy related(5%) Waste(3%) Transport (14%) Agriculture(14%) Non-Energy Emissions Building (8%) Land Use(18%) The land use sector, including forestry and agriculture, is an important source of an anthropogenic GHG emissions.

Emissions Building (8%) Land Use(18%) The land use sector, including

10 TEN SOURCES OF GHGs PRODUCTION

11 TEN SOURCES OF GHGs PRODUCTION Livestock (6/10) Greenhouse Gas (GHG): Methane Global GHG Emissions: 5.1 percent

12 Nature Farming/ Organic Farming can greatly reduce GHG emission from farm land How? 1. Zero tillage / Minimum tillage can reduce emission of CO 2 from soil. 2. Changing the microbe activities in the soil can reduce CO 2, CH 4, and N 2 O emission from the soil. 12

Zero tillage / Minimum tillage can reduce emission of CO 2 from

13 Organic materials Decomposed by beneficial microbes Available Mineral nutrients Putrefaction Harmful gas (GHG) + Harmful heat + Intermediate product 13

14 1. Organic Materials Fermented by Effective beneficial microbes/ EM No Putrefaction No GHG emission Soluble organic compounds (eg. amino acids, sugars, saccharides, vitamin, hormones, enzymes) 2. Photo synthetic bacteria in EM consume harmful gas (GHG) and harmful heat for energy cycle and produce plant nutrients (soulble organic compound) 14

amino acids, sugars, saccharides, vitamin, hormones, enzymes) 2.

15 IFOAM - Organics International There is a good body of peer-reviewed science clearly showing that not only does organic farming emit less greenhouse gases, because it captures CO2 and stores it in the ground as soil organic matter, organic farming also reduces greenhouse gas emissions. A peer-reviewed scientific study of the Rodale Farming Systems Trial, (in the USA) a long-term comparison trial of conventional and organic systems, found that the organic systems use less fossil fuels and emit 30% less greenhouse gases. (Pimentel et al. 2005) 15

16 The long-term apple comparison trial conducted by Reganold et al. in Washington, USA showed that the organic system was more efficient in its energy use, which means emitting less greenhouse gases. (Reganold et al 2001) Energy Used in Different Corn Production Systems Expressed in Liters of Diesel per Hectare: Conventional Tillage: 231 litres per hectare Conventional No-till: 199 litres per hectare Organic Tillage: 121 litres per hectare Organic No-till: 77 litres per hectare (Pimentel et al. 2005) 16

17 Furthermore, the majority of greenhouse gases in farming come from the use of nitrogen fertilizers, not from farm machinery emissions. (Pimentel et al. 2005) Synthetic chemical fertilizers are significant contributors to climate change in terms of the energy used to manufacture them and their contribution to nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). 17

2005) Synthetic chemical fertilizers are significant contributors to climate change in

18 Nitrous oxide is one of the most significant of the greenhouse gases emitted by agriculture. One N2O molecule is equivalent to 310 carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules in its greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. It has a mean residence time in the atmosphere of years and also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. The biggest contributor to human-produced N2O pollution is the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium nitrate in agriculture. 18

It has a mean residence time in the atmosphere of 120-150 years and also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer in

19 The use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in farming also make a significant contribution to the emissions of CO2, the gas that accounts for 80% of all greenhouse gas emissions. (Khan et al 2007, Mulvaney et al 2009). The researchers found that the higher the application of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer the greater the amount of soil carbon lostas CO2. 19

20 On top of emitting less greenhouse gases, organic systems sequester CO2 and store it in the soil as soil organic matter resulting in organic farms sequestering more greenhouse gases than they emit. In a peer-reviewed meta-analysis study, published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), that used 41 international comparison trials, including trials in the USA, Gattinger et al. reported that organic systems sequestered Kgs CO2 per hectare per year. 20

In a peer-reviewed meta-analysis study, published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), that

21 The Rodale Institute Farming Systems Trial (FST) of organic and conventional cropping systems confirm that organic methods are effective at removing CO2 from the atmosphere and fixing it as organic matter in the soil. (La Salle and Hepperly 2008, Rodale 2011) The FST legume-based organic plots showed sequestration rate of 2,055.2kg of CO2/ha/yr. (UNEP 2013) This means that the widespread scaling up of organic farming systems can make significant contribution to mitigating greenhouse gases and stopping climate change. 21

22 There is no scientific basis to say that organic farms contribute to climate change. It is true organic farming mitigates climate change. For more information contact Andre Leu, President of IFOAM Organics International, 22

23 Organic crops are more resistant to drought, flood and cold injury than chemical crops. My experience in Inle organic project. (cold injury resistance) 23

24 Nutrition Security Nutritional security goes beyond advocating for appropriate quantities of food. It also address people s need for an appropriate combination of nutrients from their diet combinations that are required to sustain growth, health, health, healing and an active life for all people at all stages of development. 24

25 The Nutrition Cycle Nutrients essential to live flow from soils and oceans into plants and through the food chain to fish, animals and humans. As such, soils serves as one of the two essential foundations to the nutrition cycle. At ACIAR, this leads to the view of nutrient levels as a bank account. Soil serves as a bank; you can withdraw the nutrient from soil but must pay back. 25

26 In Nature Farming, firstly the soil has to be changed nutrient store house/ nutrient bank. All the crop residue except grain/ fruit (eating part) have to put back to the soil in nature farm. Therefore nature farming / organic farming crops are more nutritious than chemical crops. 26

27 An EU-funded project showed that organic fruit and vegetables contain as much as 40 per cent more antioxidants. They also contain more beneficial minerals such as iron and zinc, the Sunday time ( ) reported. Newcastle University found that levels of antioxidants in milk from organic herds were up to 90 per cent higher than those from conventional herds. Organic tomatoes from Greece were also found to have significantly higher levels of antioxidants, including flavonoids. Professor Carlo Leifert said that organic produce would help to increase the nutrient uptake of the people. Therefore Nature Farming - Resilient to Climate Change Risk and Nutritional Problem 27

28 Ρεφερενχεσ Χιτεδ Αγυιλεραα Ε, Λασσαλετταβ Λ, Γαττινγερ Α ανδ Γιµενοε Σ (2013) Μαναγινγ σοιλ χαρβον φορ χλιµατε χηανγε µιτιγατιον ανδ αδαπτατιον ιν Μεδιτερρανεαν χροππινγ σψστεµσ: α µετα αναλψσισ, Αγριχυλτυρε, Εχοσψστεµσ ανδ Ενϖιρονµεντ 168 (2013) Γαττινγερ Α, Μυλλερ Α, Ηαενι Μ, Σκιννερ Χ, Φλιεσσβαχη Α, Βυχηµανν Ν, Μ δερ Π, Στολζε Μ, Σµιτη Π, Ελ Ηαγε Σχιαλαββα Ν ανδ Νιγγλι Υ (2012) Ενηανχεδ τοπ σοιλ χαρβον στοχκσ υνδερ οργανιχ φαρµινγ, ΠΝΑΣ, Οχτοβερ 30, 2012, ϖολ. 109, νο. 44, Κηαν Σ Α, Μυλϖανεψ Ρ Λ, Ελλσωορτη ΤΡ ανδ Βοαστ (2007), Χ. Ω. Τηε Μψτη οφ Νιτρογεν Φερτιλιζατιον φορ Σοιλ Χαρβον Σεθυεστρατιον. ϑουρναλ οφ Ενϖιρονµενταλ Θυαλιτψ Οχτ24; 36(6): ΛαΣαλλε Τ ανδ Ηεππερλψ Π (2008) Ρεγενερατιϖε Οργανιχ Φαρµινγ: Α Σολυτιον το Γλοβαλ Ωαρµινγ, Τηε Ροδαλε Ινστιτυτε, ΥΣΑ Μυλϖανεψ ΡΛ, Κηαν ΣΑ ανδ Ελλσωορτη ΤΡ (2009) Σψντηετιχ Νιτρογεν Φερτιλιζερσ επλετε Σοιλ Νιτρογεν: Ενϖιρονµενταλ Σοχιετψ οφ Αγρονοµψ, Χροπ Σχιενχε Σοχιετψ οφ Αµεριχα, ανδ Σοιλ Σχιενχε Σοχιετψ οφ Αµεριχα 677 Σ. Σεγοε Ρδ., Μαδισον, ΩΙ ΥΣΑ Πιµεντελ, Ηεππερλψ Π, Ηανσον ϑ, ουδσ, ανδ Σειδελ Ρ (2005) Ενϖιρονµενταλ, Ενεργετιχ ανδ Εχονοµιχ Χοµπαρισονσ οφ Οργανιχ ανδ Χονϖεντιοναλ Φαρµινγ Σψστεµσ, Βιοσχιενχε (ςολ. 55:7), ϑυλψ 2005 Ρεγανολδ ϑ, Γλοϖερ ϑ, Ανδρεωσ Π ανδ Ηινµαν Η (2001) Συσταιναβιλιτψ οφ τηρεε αππλε προδυχτιον σψστεµσ, Νατυρε 410, Ροδαλε (2011) Τηε ΦΑΡΜΙΝΓ ΣΨΣΤΕΜΣ ΤΡΙΑΛ, Χελεβρατινγ 30 Ψεαρσ, Τηε Ροδαλε Ινστιτυτε ηττπ://ροδαλεινστιτυτε.οργ/ουρ ωορκ/φαρµινγ σψστεµσ τριαλ/φαρµινγ σψστεµσ τριαλ 30 ψεαρ ρεπορτ/ Αχχεσσεδ Σιεγφριεδαλε Ροαδ Κυτζτοων, ΠΑ ΥΣΑ ΥΝΕΠ (2013) Τηε Εµισσιονσ Γαπ Ρεπορτ Υνιτεδ Νατιονσ Ενϖιρονµεντ Προγραµµε, Ναιροβι ηττπ://ωωω.υνεπ.οργ/εµισσιονσγαπρεπορτ2013/ 28

29 EM can be used to bio remediate in disaster area Bio-remediation can reduce water pollution, and bad odor significantly and then improve environmental sanitation remarkably. Environmental pollution caused by climate change effect can be mitigated by EM. 29

30 Bio-remediation at Nargis cyclone struck area by EKTA (NGO)

31 Study on Bioremediation of Water Contamination Caused by Nargis Cyclone around Mawlamyinegyun Area, Ayeyarwady Delta Myo Thant Tyn, Kyaw Myint Oo, Kyaw Nyein Aye, Than Oo, Aung Myo Thaik, Tin Than, Win Maung, Aye Pe, Thazin Lwin, TunAung, Myint Aung, Nyein Nyein Hlaing, Bay Dar, Aye Aye Myint,KayLwinTun, Yee Yee Nwe, Naung Lwi and Myint Lwin Paper presented at 8 th research conference of Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science, Microorganisms used in this project 1. EM instant 2. Golden Taungyi microbial product Both product were successful in suppressing bad odor.

32 We will donate EM solution and technology to mitigate pollution in flooded area. Any body who want to carry out environmental sanitation project in flooded area can get EM and technology support from INFRC through MADA free of charge. 32

33 Let PractiseNature Farming to Save the World THANK YOU Phone Website:

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