ITU-R BS MHz

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1 1 ( ) MHz (ITU-R 56/6 ) ( MHz ITU-R BO.789 ITU-R BS.774 ITU-R ( ITU-R BO.789 ITU-R BS.774 ( (VLSI) ITU-R BS A ( MHz 200 ITU-R BO.789 MHz ITU-R BS F ( MHz MHz ITU-R BS C ( MHz ( ) ( : DAB 1" "GHz 1,5 (1992 -) ( MHz MHz A 750B MHz (VHF) WARC-92 2

2 2 (MPEG-2 TS) MPEG.2 Eureka 147) A ( (ETSI ETS F ( (ISDB-T SB ) (ISDB) ( (ISDB-T) ITU-R BT.1306 ( C F A C F A ( ( ( C / F / A 1.MHz (DSB) 2 C F A 1 ITU-R BS.774.

3 3 1 C F A ITU-R BS.774 C F A ITU-R BS.774 () kbit/s 96 kbit/s 48 (1) HD Codec..5.1 (ACC) MPEG-2. kbit/s 144 kbit/s kbit/s 8. II MPEG-2.kbit/s 192 (2) FM.FM. FM khz 200.FM..(QAM) 16/64 ) (OFDM) FM khz 200.FM ). ((COFDM) (FM)

4 4 () 1 C F A ITU-R BS.774 (). OFDM (S) (T).HDC 48 kbit/s 96. MPEG-.2. (TMCC) 64 Mbit/s 1 kbit/s 8... ). (QPSK : ). : QPSK (DQPSK) 64-QAM 3/4 2/3 1/2 16-QAM : 7/8 5/6 ) (FEC) (3/4 1/4

5 5 C. FM. FM F ( ) (). () 1 A ( ) (). ITU-R BS.774 () - -

6 6 () 1 C PAD F (PAD) (MPEG-2) A (PAD) kbit/s 0,66 kbit/s 64.. (HTML) (JPEG) ) ((VGA) 1/4 ITU-R BS.774 () (PAD) OSI MPEG-2 OSI II (MPEG-2) (OSI)

7 7 () 1 C F A ITU-R BS.774 () ( 64 ). (FIC).kbit/s 16 (RDI).. (HDL) HD ( C ) (IBDL) ( ).MHz 230 (1) (2)

8 8 1 A (DAB) Eureka 147 A. m 1,5. A.. A... F ISDB-TSB F. OFDM. BST- OFDM. ISDB-T ( ) OFDM. TMCC. F. MPEG-2.MPEG-2 AAC. DVB-T DVB-S ISDB-T ISDB-S MPEG-2 C. IBOC DSB C 1 C. FM.FM. C. FM (C ) IBOC.MHz 230 1

9 9.. 2 A A MHz (ISDB). ( ) ITU-R BS.774 ITU-R BO.789.ITU-R BS A Eureka (DAB) Eureka 147 A (EBU).DAB "A " 2 A..(1 ) ETS II I - 1 A.MHz

10 10 1 A n m PCM ) (khz 48 II ISO *() * OFDM () DSB

11 11 (ISO) (OSI) A ITU-R BT.807.(1984) ISO ITU-R BT A. 2 (OSI) ISO 4-DPSK OFDM 2 () A.( ) ( ) A.. 3

12 12 A 1.3. A (PAD).(SI) (MCI). : A : ( ) (TMC) ). ( ) ( : - - FM - AM -. - A. 3.3.GHz 3 A.. 3.km/h 100 IV db 1 III 31 37,5 II I (μs) (μs)

13 13. 3 II I. GHz 1,5 / (GHz 1,5 ) II III..GHz 3.(UHF) ISO GHz 3 III IV. II ISO/IEC MPEG. MUSICAM. khz 48 PCM A 32.. kbit/s / kbit/s 128. kbit/s 256. / kbit/s 256 kbit/s 128 kbit/s 192. kbit/s 96. EBU. AM kbit/s 48 kbit/s 32. PCM ISO

14 14 2 PCM khz ISO II ISO ISO II PCM khz 48 II ISO/MPEG ISO..kHz 48 PCM

15 15.. (DRC).. : (SI) ( ) - - ( ) - FM AM - ( ) - - ( ) - -.( TMC) (FIC) (MCI) (MCI) FIC....MCI (SI).MCI.. ( FM ) (" " ) SI

16 16 (FIC MSC. ) / ). ) (.( 2.6 ) 1. (2.9 ) (. ( ) (MSC).ms 24 ( ).Mbit/s 2,3.MHz 1,5 Mbit/s 1,7 0,8. MSC kbit/s 8... MSC FIC : MCI FIC - PAD -.MSC -.MCI

17 MSC FIC MCI.FIC ( ) MSC MCI.. SI PAD.. ISO 1.7.ms 24 ISO (2 ).. PAD CRC ( kbit/s 2 ) PAD.DRC /. ( ) ms 24.ISO ISO II. II ISO/MPEG (4 ) (RF ) (AFC) (AGC) ms 48 ms 96 T F.MSC FIC.4 ms

18 18 4 A IV III II I ms 48 ms 24 ms 24 ms 96 T F μs 648 μs 168 μs 324 ms 1,297 T NULL μs 623 μs 156 μs 312 ms 1,246 T s OFDM μs 500 μs μs 125 μs μs 250 μs ms 1 μs T u Δ (T s = T u + Δ) K. MSC.( )...(7 )."".(UEP).( ) 3/4 ( ) 1/3.. FIC..1/

19 ( ).. 4-DPSK OFDM 5.9.( ) DQPSK OFDM A.... K.(5 ) 5 i j k 1 i j k 1 i j k 1 i j k.( )... FM

20 20 MHz 1,5.. OFDM 3. OFDM... ( ). II.II A 6.9 A 6 6 A (db) (MHz) :.7 khz 4

21 21 7 A (db) A khz 1,5 khz 4 (db) khz 4 (MHz) GHz 1,5 VHF A VHF.12D VHF A

22 22. VHF GHz 1,5 VHF.12D VHF. MHz 1,536 5 A (db) MHz 1,54 (MHz) 0,97 ± 0,97 ± VHF A GHz 1, ,0 ± ,77 ± 0,97 ± VHF A 106 1,75 ± 106 3,0 ± ,77 ± 0,97 ± VHF A 12D 126 2,2 ± 126 3,0 ± A II MHz 226 I A RF (BER). MHz : (S/N) 10 0,5 = R kbit/s 64 = D 0,375 = R kbit/s 24 = D : :D :R (MHz 1,5 ) S/N BER 9 8. S/N 8 0,5 = R. db 1, (BER) 1.10

23 23 8 (S/N) (I ) A 9 :(III II ) A (S/N) (MHz 1,5 ) S/N BER. S/N BER.h/km 15 (μs 0,05-0 ) Cost

24 (S/N) I ) A (h/km 15 ) (MHz 1, (MHz II ) A (h/km 15 )

25 25 (MHz 1,5 ) S/N BER. S/N BER.h/km 130 (μs 5-0 ) Cost (S/N) 12 (BER) (MHz 226 I ) A (km/h 130 ) 3.10 (S/N) 13 (BER) II ) A (MHz (h/km 130 )

26 26 S/N. "". S/N db 0,5 S/N : S/N A :(I ) S/N (db) S/N (db) 5,5 5,9 4,8 4,5 4,7 4,5 7,6 8,3 7,0 6,8 7,2 6,8 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 (kbit/s)

27 27 7 A :(III II ) S/N (db) S/N (db) 5,7 5,8 4,9 4,6 4,6 4,5 7,7 8,2 6,7 6,6 7,2 6,9 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 (kbit/s) S/N (db) 09,0 07,0 10,0 10,0 8 A :(0,5 kbit/s 224) S/N (db) 16,0 13,0 17,6 18,0 (h/km) (MHz) I II I II (II ) A.( ).db 35 db 12 S/N.A BER.14.0,5 kbit/s 64 II μs

28 28 14 (II ) A 3 F ISDB-T SB (F ) F F..ITU-R BS.774. OFDM F F.(BST)- OFDM F OFDM OFDM. ISDB-T OFDM F.kHz 500 OFDM.MHz 1,5 khz 500 1

29 29 F.(TMCC) AC-3 MPEG-2 II F.MPEG-2.MPEG-2 AAC.DVB-T DVB-S ISDB-T ISDB-S MPEG-2. ISDB-T ( ) ISDB-T SB 15 / 15 ISDB-T ISDB-T SB ISDB-T SB / / / ISDB-T ISDB-T SB ) ( ISDB-T ( 13 : ) :HDTV F 2 F OFDM. OFDM F. (Viterbi).(RS). 1.2

30 OFDM BST-OFDM F.GHz OFDM khz 500 (MHz 6/14) khz 429 (MHz 8 7 6). OFDM.(MHz 8/14) khz 571 (MHz 7/14) khz 500. MHz 1,5 khz 500 F.(SFN). 3.2 MPEG-2 F. QPSK DQPSK :. 7/8 5/6 3/4 2/3 1/2 64-QAM 16-QAM TMCC ISDB-T DVB-T ISDB-S 4.2.MPEG-2 BST-OFDM F ISDB-T (DTTB). MPEG-2 DVB-S 5.2.OFDM F...MPEG-2 ACC F. kbit/s 144. F. 6.2

31 (LSI).... B A... ISDB-T OFDM A A B OFDM ISDB-T SB ISDB-T SB.F (MHz 8/14) khz 571 (MHz 7/14) khz 500 MHz 8 MHz 7 MHz 6 (MHz 6/14) khz ISDB-T SB 3

32 3 BWs/ N s N s 36 n c n d n c + 20 n d 8 N s BWf 1 000/14 BWs N s + C s n d n c BWs/ N s N s 18 n c n d n c + 10 n d 4 + N s 32 ISDB-T SB 1 9 BWs/ N s 1 96 N s 9 n c n d + 1 n c + 5 n d 2 N s (n c + n d = N s ) (MHz) (BWf) (khz) (BWs) (khz) (BWu) (1) (khz) (C s ) (2) SP (2) CP (3) TMCC (4) AC1 (4) AC2 19 n d 9 n d 4 n d 64-QAM 16-QAM QPSK DQPSK T u 1024 (N s = 1) 2048 (N s = 3) /32 (7/8 5/6 3/4 (1/ /C s (μs) (T u ) 1/16 1/8 1/4 (T g ) T u T g T s (N s = 1) 1024 (N s = 3) F sc = F s /T u 2/3 1/2 = ) = (204,188) RS I 95 T s 256 (N s = 1) 512 (N s = 3) (T s ) (F s ) FFT (MHz) (F sc ) FFT (I ) (T f ) (Fourier) F (ITU-R BT.1306 C ). CP. ( ) CP ( ) SP. CP. TMCC. ( ) AC :FFT (1) (2) (3) (4)

33 33 (TSP) MPEG-2 MPEG-2 F F. ) AC-3 ISO/IEC MPEG-2 II.ISO/IEC MPEG-2 AAC (ATSC A/52.MPEG-2 TS ISO/IEC F. TMCC ITU-R BO.1408 ISDB-S GHz 2,6 ( ) (C ) ITU-R BT.1306 ISDB-T.(E ) ITU-R BO BST-OFDM ISDB-T SB (RS-TSP).MPEG-2.RS TSP 204 RS-TSP OFDM. (IFFT) FFT RS-TSP OFDM. IFFT.OFDM 1.6.ISDB-T SB 17 OFDM. IFFT (TSP )..OFDM.OFDM. RS-TSP

34 34 17 RS (204,188) OFDM RS-TS TSP MPEG-2 TSP. 204 RS- TSP (x λ 15 )....( ) RS x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 8 = p(x) (x λ 0 )(x λ 1 )(x λ 2 )(x λ 3 ) = g(x) ( ) RS ( ) RS 2.6.TSP : : 02 h = λ TSP (RS ( TSP TSP ) RS-TSP MPEG-2 TSP. TSP RS 18 ) RS-TSP MPEG-2 TSP 1 MPEG MPEG-2 TSP ( MPEG ( ) RS TSP ( TSP.(PRBS) : (PRBS) x + 15 x = g(x) ) RS-TSP ( 3.6

35 35 ) (. ( ) = I j. 12 = I (FIFO). 17 j (FIFO)...(TSP ) ( ). 64 1/2 F.7/8 5/6 3/4 2/3 1/2 171 oct = G 1. ISDB-T SB.Y 133 oct = G 2 X (I + jq) 120. OFDM QAM 16-QAM QPSK DQPSK DQPSK n.q I n QPSK π/4 64-QAM. 16-QAM OFDM. 3.7

36 36 Mapper Mapper 19 OFDM (SP CP) (TMCC) IFFT

37 37 20 DQPSK QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM. IFFT OFDM.AC TMCC SP CP 204 OFDM 4 12 SP.OFDM CP TMCC. OFDM. AC MHz. (MHz 6/14) 6/14 khz 429 8

38 38 21 ISDB-T SB (MHz 6/14 = ) (db) (khz) ISDB-T SB (db) (MHz 6/14 = ) (khz) 220± 290± 360± 1 790±. - khz 30 Hz kHz 3 khz 10.MHz 6/14. MHz 8/ MHz 7/14-1

39 39 22 ISDB-T SB (MHz 6/14 = ) (db) (khz) ISDB-T SB 11 (MHz 6/14 = ) (db) (khz) 650± 720± 790± 2 220±. ISDB-T SB. (BER) (C/N) (BER)..(12 ) (C/N) BER (C/N)..(RS) (BER) db

40 40 12 (khz 429 (ms : ) 1 : ) QAM 16-QAM DQPSK (1/16 : ) μs 63 7/8 3/4 2/3 1/2 ms C/N (RS) (BER) DQPSK : 3 : ) :(ms 407 : ( ) 1/2 ( ) 2/3 ( ) 3/4 ( ) 1/2 ( ) 2/3 ( ) 3/4

41 41 24 C/N (BER) 16-QAM : 3 ) :(ms 407 : ( ) 1/2 ( ) 2/3 ( ) 3/4 ( ) 1/2 ( ) 2/3 ( ) 3/4

42 42 25 C/N BER 64-QAM : 3 ) :(ms 407 : ( ) 1/2 ( ) 3/4 ( ) 7/8 ( ) 1/2 ( ) 3/4 ( ) 7/8 C/N BER. C/N (BER) D/U. 26 μs 15.dB 10 3 C/N BER. C/N (BER).μs 15.dB 0 D/U. 27.Hz

43 43 26 C/N (BER) :(ms 407 : 1/2 : 3 )

44 44 27 C/N BER (1/2 : DQPSK : 3 : ) : : : : : : : : 4 C.(DSB) IBOC C IBOC... 1

45 45 IBOC IBOC OSI.(ISO OSI) IBOC (L2) 2 C (L1) 1.(VHF) (SDUs) L2.(SAP) L1.. L2 SDUs....L2 (SCUs) L1. : FM L FM..(FCC) OFDM (OFDM)..13. FM (PM). FM db 23.(SCA)

46 ( 4) 363, /4 096 Hz Δf OFDM 5, /128 None α = (1 α) /Δf s OFDM (135/128) (4 096/ ) 2, T s 344,5 1/T s = Hz R s OFDM 1, / = 512 T s s T f L1 6, /T f = Hz R f L1 9, T s = s T b L1 10,77 1/T b = Hz R b L1 1, T s = s T p L1 5,383 1/T p = Hz R p L1 3 L1 None N dd FM..(PX).. FM. (SCCH).L2 L1 L1 L C L1 L2 SDV.. 4.2

47 47 IBOC P3 P2 P (PIDS) 14 PIDS (kbit/s) P P P MP1 MP2 MP3 MP4 MP5 MP6 MP7 S5 S4 S3 S2 S (SIDS) IBOC SIDS S (kbit/s) S S S S S1. P3 P1 SIDS PIDS. S5.(IDS) IBOC MS1 MS2 MS3 MS

48 48. : L1 OSI.L1.L1 SAPs (SAP) L1 L2 SAP L1. SCCH.L2 SCUs L2 SCUs L2.. FM / L1 (P2 P1)...(s 1,486 3) L ( )

49 49 28 FM L1 SCA / / OFDM OFDM OFDM.OFDM X Ts

50 50 OFDM.. OFDM y n (t)... s(t) OFDM OFDM OFDM 29.C.OFDM 29 OFDM OFDM 1.3 OFDM L X n OFDM OFDM.n OFDM OFDM.n OFDM C y n (t) IBOC..(VHF).

51 51 y n (t) OFDM SCA m(t).ofdm L2 (DD)..IBOC. 30 / L2 SCCH () SCA OFDM FM IBOC

52 52 31 OFDM IBOC.a(t) FM z(t).m(t) (DD) a(t) DD SCCH L2 (DD) τ DD. 1 0 /.m(t) C.T dd z(t) a(t)./ T dd. m(t-τ)

53 53 / IBOC s(t).c..ofdm C OFDM. /.. 2 µs 150 OFDM C km 22. km 22 db 10. (GPS).GPS 3. GPS (SFN) GPS. 4 OFDM 16 FM. FM.( 1 ). ( 1 ) GPS :I.GPS.km 45 GPS :II 2 3 4

54 54 16 OFDM 2 ) ( (db) 41,39 41,39 31,39 41,39 44,39 47,39 50,39 1 ) ( 5, , , , , , , a 0 a 0 a 2 a 4 a 5 a 6 a 7.kHz 1 MP1 MP2-MP7 MP5-MP7 MS1-MS4 IBOC (1) (2) ). FM db 23 ( ( ). db 10 db 20 ( ).. 32 ) (17.. 5

55 55 MP1 32 ) (FM db FM 10 0 MP (Hz) a0 a0 ) ( (Hz) to to 546 A B 10 10

56 ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) (.(18 33 ) a MP4 MP2 ) (FM db FM 10 0

57 57 MP2 MP1 18 (Hz) ) ( (Hz) a0 a0 a0 a0 a0 a0 a0 a A B A B A B A B ) ( ) ( 2) ( 2) ( 4) ( 4) (

58 MS4 MS1 MP7 MP5 34 ) ( db (SM).. OFDM 12 (SP) "" (0)

59 59.Hz a 2.a 4 -a 7 MP7 MP5 19 MS4 MS1 (Hz) ) ( (Hz) (0) a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 a to A B A B B ( ) ) ( Upper SM a A 10 Lower SM a 7 -a B a 7 -a4 a 7 -a 4 a 7 -a A 4

60 IBOC.FM (CFR) Code of Federal Regulations FM FM (1) (dbc/khz) (khz) log 10 x (W).. 10 khz 1 (1) db kHz 1 : IBOC dbc 0 (1) 21 IBOC ,39 41,39.dBC khz 1 (1) IBOC khz khz

61 61 35 *IBOC kh 1 db. khz 1 db 0 22 (db/khz) db 83,39 { ( frequency (khz) 50 khz) 0.2} db { ( frequency (khz) 100 khz) 2.6} db { ( frequency (khz) 200 khz) 2.6} db { ( frequency (khz) 205 khz) 0.2} db db 83,39 F (khz) < IBOC khz

62 62 36 * khz 1 db HPA. khz 1 db 0 khz 1 db. 23 (db/khz) { ( frequency (khz) 200 khz) 1.733} db { ( frequency (khz) khz) } db { ( frequency (khz) 250 khz) 0.56} db db 101,39 db 111,39 F (khz) 207, , < ) (UF). C ( ) (TO) ( ) (RF) ( db db des 24.. (db/hz) C d /N 0 9

63 63 24 IBOC FM ToA audio1.wav audio2.wav audio3.wav audio4.wav audio5.wav audio6.wav audio7.wav audio8.wav audio9.wav audio10.wav audio11.wav audio12.wav 0,16 0,032 0,0029 0,8 0,056 0,012 0,106 0,054 0,0202 0,6 0,087 0,007 0,317 0,026 0,001 0,075 0,045 0, ,077 0,012 0,006 0,0735 0,0109 0,005 0,0287 0,0082 0,1 0,018 0, ,013 0,0097 0, ,013 0,0011 0, ,0 (db des ) 6,0 18,0 24,0 30,0 (db des ) 10,0 20,0 UF US RF TO UF UF UF UF UF UF UF C d /N 0 (db/hz) 54,1 54,5 55,1 55,4 56,4 57,3 59,3 60,4 61,4 55,9 56,8 57,8 55,9 56,9 57,8 61,5 62,4 63,4 59,4 60,3 61,3 58,2 59,2 60,1 57,2 58,2 57,9 58,9 60,5 60,2 61,3 65,3 58,4 59,3 60,4 / 9-ray

64 64 (ToA) 37.. ToA (AWGN) 9

65 ToA

66 66 (UF) ToA (US) ToA (RF) ToA (TO) ToA. IBOC dbu 54 B. %10 %50 dbu 48.dB dB des 6 db des ToA db 54 B (D/U). %10 %50 dbu 34.dBu 54 %90 db 20 ( / ).dbu 54 db 20 db des dB 1 db des

67 67 24.dB des 10 db 3 ToA db des 10.dB des 20.ToA 39 10

68 IBOC... db 20+ db db 2. ToA 40

69 69. ToA. IBOC.. FM C 4.9

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