Abstract Mobile IPv internet of things... 52

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3 ... 4 Abstract IP To IP IP CIDR Classless Interdomain Routing ( ) IPv6; IPv Mobile IPv Mobile IPv IPv The Internet Of Things «Internet»; Internet of things internet of things IoT Internet

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5 , Win2k Venue Specialist., Fujitsu - Siemens information technology products specialist Fujitsu - Siemens (.) systems and network administrator. 2011, Alfabetaroto. ICT manager and administrator. 4

6 Abstract The main goal of this work is to make a detailed presentation of the "new" Internet which in recent years has obtained large dimensions and is now called internet of things. At the same time we will see how and in which way the new technologies contribute to the development and its dissemination and what the prospects for further development are. Particularly, the first chapter refers to the protocol IP, which is the most common protocol network layer and is synonymous to the Internet. Starting with a brief presentation, we end up with newer versions and capabilities of the protocol. The latest version - IPv6 - seems to offer a benefit to the development of internet of things, which is described in detail in the 2nd chapter. The "Internet of Things" is a future situation in which everyday objects - such as cell phones, cars, household appliances, clothes, even food - will be connected wirelessly to the internet through smart chips and will be able to collect and exchange data. Each of these objects has a different identity. The recognition of each of these objects is achieved by the use of RFID technology which is described in this chapter. If all objects of daily life were equipped with RFID tags, then they could be identified and inventoried by computer systems. And while this technology is still being debated on and at the same time developed, the legal framework around it should be determined before the Internet of Things becomes fully functional. The analysis of the institutional and legal framework which primarily relates to the privacy of users and compliance requirements of any telecommunications equipment associated with the internet of things, is thoroughly investigated in the third chapter. 5

7 , " ", internet.. 1 IP,.. - Pv6 - internet,., -,,,, -.., RFID. RFID,. 6

8 ,. internet, 3. 7

9 1 IPv6 8

10 1. IP 1.1 IP. (Connectionless) (best effort forwarding). IP.,,.,,, (datagrams) 64 bits,,., megabytes,,., TCP,, bit. 9

11 OSI, 4.,,. IP..,,,. (hosts).,, TCP/IP,, IP LLC, MAC. IP (IP gateway), IP. 10

12 ,,, IP (IP router),., host., IP,, To IP. IP,,.,,,. IP,..,, (connectioneless),.,. IP 11

13 (best-effort delivery),,. (,,,..25). " ", (. ) (. ). IP., IP ( )., IP,, IP., IP. (IP datagram).. 12

14 ., (. LAN,, PCM. SONET.). 1.2 IPv4. 6. (options) padding 20 bits., (total length).,., 4-bits (VERS) IP.,., 13

15 .,., (datagrams),. Header Length (IHL) 4bits., (32 bits). (IP OPTIONS), (PADDING), bits. (TOTAL LENGTH), IP,. 16 bits IP, ',, ',. 14

16 1.4 CIDR Classless Interdomain Routing ( ), ( Icann ).,, Net Id Host Id, (, C), ( 1.3)., ( D) (multicast). 1.3., et d byte,,. ARPANET , 65536,.. 15

17 ,. 6 IP 128 bits. IPv6.,.. C. :.. CIDR, bit.,. 16 C bits,, bits ( 20 ). 1 bits 0, ,. ( bits 16

18 , 3 ). :,, 32,., (longest address match),,.,,. OSFP, RJP-2 BGP version 4. IP 4 32 bits, IP.. (ISP) 16 class C : , : To IPv4., IPv4,. IPv6 17

19 .., hardware, IPv6., IPv6, IPv IPv6; IPv4., 60% IPv4. 40%. 6,4, 330, 807 3,6.. 5%,, 60%. 3,6, 364,. IPv6 ( 2005). IP Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), Internet (RIR), 18

20 , Internet , RIR APNIC RIPE NCC , IPv4 RIR. IPv4 4,29., 16,8 internet (RIR). IPv4 1980,. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Routing and Addressing Group (ROAD) 1991., (CIDR) 1993, (NAT) IPv , Internet IPv6. O IPv4. 19

21 . IPv4,.,.,, IPv4, 14% Internet.,.,. smartphones tablets. tablets 2010 & 2011,

22 4G IPv6 LTE. (ADSL, VDSL, Fixed Lines) 1990, dial-up modem. dial-up, IP,. 2007,, 50%., IP ,. 15,. 21

23 ., 40% Internet 15. IP IP,.,, 16 IPv4,, 65536,.,, IP (public). Internet 20%, IPv6. IP., o IPv6. IPv6., IP, IPv6., 22

24 ., Network Address Translation (NAT), ( ) IPv4. IPv4, IPv6 ( RFC 1631 RFC ). IPv4,,, IP. NAT. IPsec peer-topeer. IPv6,, IPv6. (extension header),.,. IPv6 IPv4 30,,. 23

25 ,,,,,, 65%. online,, ( dial-up ).. online gaming., PlayStation 3 Sony, Nintendo DS Xbox Microsoft, Internet.,,.) IP.,,,.,,, /. IPv6., Neighbor Discovery, Mobile IPv6,,, IPv4. ( x, 802,16, 802,20, UMTS, UWB, MIMO,.)., 24

26 ,,,., «mobility»., (. 3G WiMax), IP., PDAs smartphones Internet,, video-.,,. mobile IPv6 Mobility,,., IPv6., IPv6. (USD) IPv6. ) IPv6.,, IPv , 25

27 IPv6.,,,. IPv6., IPv6,., IPv6., IPv6., IPv4.,,., IPv6.,.,,., IPv6,,,. 26

28 1.6 IPv6. IPv6. 32 bits 128 bits. IP.,,., IPv4, 20 bytes 60 bytes. IPv6 40 bytes,. (extension headers)., Header Checksum.. IPv4, checksumming IPv4.,., (UDP TCP). IPv4 UDP, IPv6., (traffic flows),, (., ). 27

29 , (authentication and encryption) ( ).,.,,.. IPv6,,. (. ).,.,,,. Autoconfiguration IPv6 IPv4,. IPv6,. IPv6., IP, MAC 28

30 * IP. IPv4, IP, DHCP. IPv6 IP.,, IP,. IP DHCP server IPv4. IPv6,,,,. * MAC Media Access Control ( MAC) ( ),. xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx, 0 :12:A1:B2:AE: MAC., (source) (destination). 29

31 IPv6 IPv4, IPv6. : Dual-stack. IPv4 IPv6. Tunneling IPv6 IPv4. Translation : IPv6 IPv4.. IPv6,. Ipv6, ISP IPv4, ISP IPv6, IPv4. 30

32 1.7 Mobile IPv6 To Mobile IPv6 host, RFC 3775 IPv6.. H Internet TCP. TCP IP.,. host, IP. Mobile IP host IP IP.» (home address),, TCP. IP, «careof», host., ( host Ethernet Ethernet ) ( host Ethernet LAN )., IP «handover»,.. Mobile IPv6 handover 31

33 , IP. Mobile IPv6. «Home Address» host. host.. IP home address host. «Home» (link). host host, «home». host.. IP «home». 32

34 «home». «Care off» unicast host, ( Home ). care-off. host care-off. «home». «home» (home agent) router «home» Host care-off. host «home», «home» host «care-off». Binding «home» care-off,. (Registration) host (binding update message) binding. «Correspondent Registration». 33

35 Binding, biding. Return routability procedure «cryptographic token exchange». Token «return routability procedure» host Binding Update. Nonce keygen tokens «return routability procedure». nonces host. Nonce index nonces keygen. 34

36 Mobile IPv Mobile IPv6 «home» IPv6 home host., IP IP. host Home,, care-off, IPv6 DHCPv6. home care-off binding. home, host care-off router home, home agent. care-off, host (binding update message) home 35

37 .. host: (Bidirectional) Tunneling home agent, (encapsulation) IPv6 care-off address host. host, (tunneling), home agent,. Mobile IPv6 registration. (Route optimization).,, home agent. Mobile IPv6 IPv4 Mobile,. host (registration) care-off address (correspondent registration) «Return routability». host. home ( Mobile IPv6). host 36

38 home agent., home agent home. hosts,, VoIP (Voice over IP). Mobile IPv6,, home agents, o host home IP home agent (Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery). home, host Mobile Prefix Discovery. 1.8 IPv6 IPv6;, ( ), (LAN-Local Area Network) (WAN- Wide Area Network)., (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP). Internet TCP IP, 37

39 ,,. 1970, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). DARPA, 1970., IPv4 IPv6, IPv5. IP. 1984, 4 (IPv4), 4. IPv4,. 2011,, IPv4., IPv6. IPv6,., «internet»,, 38

40 .. «internet», Internet. IPv6, IEEE, ISOC.,, «internet»,. IP,. H IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet) Internet. IPv6., P. (VoIP), ( ). IPv6,,,. 2008,,, IPv6, 39

41 ,. IPv ,,. IP,.. Toshiba,, IPv6.,,.,,.,.,,. CES,, IPv6, «internet». «Hapifork». 40

42 . USB. Pioneer. - ZigBee, 400 ( 600 ),. «internet of the things»,,,.,,,,.) IPv6.,, IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) IP, Internet. IPv6,,. 41

43 2 The Internet Of Things 42

44 2. The Internet Of Things internet,. 2 1 Internet. 2020» internet, ipv6.,... (RFID tags),.,,.,. M2M "Man-to-Machine, Machine-to-Man, 43

45 Machine -to-mobile and Mobile-to-Machine" context-aware. " ".,,. 1,3 (RFID),.., (., ), " ". 44

46 2.2. Internet,,,.. 1. CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service) Internet. 2. CASAGRAS ('Coordination and support action for global RFIDrelated activities and standardisation' ),,.. RFID.,,. 3. SAP Internet., 45

47 , (privacy). 4. IERP (European research Cluster on the Internet of Things) Internet (IoT) Internet (self configured),,,,,. «Internet»,,,,. (applications),.,.,,.,,. 46

48 2.3 «Internet»; «Internet» Kevin Ashton 1999., 1940.,.,, - Internet of things.,.,,,,.,,. 47

49 ,,,. Internet of things.. -,. RFID,,.,.,.,

50 2.4 Internet of things.,.,, - ()-... )». 49

51 ,.,., (data mining)., ,,,. 50

52 Internet of things,,.,.,. IoT,.,. Washigton D.C. Maryland, 2 Sandy,. Io. To Iot 51

53 ,.,,,.,. Ipv6, Iot ; 2.5 internet of things 1...., 52

54 , , 53

55 .,. ( ),,.,.,.,. (real time)

56 .,, super market.. 3. Io..,.. e-health,. 55

57 Toyota Motor Corp. (TMC) Microsoft Corp.,, Toyota, Windows Azure(cloud)., GPS,. Azure, plug-in TMC H Toyota,, Toyota Smart Center,,,. TMC, plug-in,. Microsoft,,, Windows Embedded Automotive, Bing, Microsoft Tellme,. 1 9 ), 2015, 56

58 , Toyota. 4.,..,,.,. 5...,. 57

59 ,,.. 6..,,,.H Nike Nike +.,.. 58

60 7. O,,. Iot,,,.,,.,. CO2 CO2.,. 8...,., 59

61 . 9. Iot. container.,, container,.,. 9.,,,.,. Machine to Machine, 60

62 ,. 10..,,,... (compost). compost (,, ).,,,.,.,,. 61

63 11.,,.,. 12. Iot., Ad-Hoc.,,,..,,.,, 62

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66 Internetbased.,.,.,.,..,., ( ), 65

67 .,., (Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 1986),,..., 2010,.. internet.,,,,. 66

68 ,.. ( ),.,,. 3.2 IoT, :.,.,. IoT : 1. 67

69 ),.,. 2.,.,. 3.,,,. 4.,.,,. 5.,

70 .,,.,,.»,. Hackers.,,,,.,. 69

71 : 1. " ;,,,, ;" 2. " ;" 3. " RFID,, ;" 4." ;" 5. " ;" 6. ",, ;" 70

72 7. ",,, ;" 8. " ;" 9. " ; " 3.4.,..,.,. PIA, : 71

73 1. PIA,. 2. ( ). PIA RFID,.,, PIA, RFID,. 3.5 Internet.. Internet.,,., 72

74 ,,., ;.,,, ; ( ).,, : ( ) Internet,. 73

75 3.6. IoT,. IoT,,.,.,,.,,. IoT,.,,. 74

76 IoT,,,. (Net Neutrality).,,,... samsung 5G. 4G. 2.,.,. IoT,. 75

77 cloud. IoT,.,,. 1.. Stuxnet. hacking. FBI hacking., 50% 60%, 400.,.,,.. 76

78 ,,,. 3.7.,,, (RFID), :. ' 44 «- 99/5/ » ( 44/2002, 44/ / ). [5] ' 3431 (. 3431/2006, 13/ / ). [4]. 2472/ / /655, «( )» ( /655, 399/ / ). [1] 77

79 .. 390/1 ( ), «/» (.. 390/1, 750/ / ). [2].. 399/34 ( ), (.. 399/34, 1456/ / ). [3] ' 4070 «,,,».4070/2012, 82/ ) Iot, ) (NRA),, 2246/1994,. 3431/2006,,... 78

80 .., IoT... 4G, 5G,.,,,..,,,,.,.. 79

81 3.7.2.,, /1997 : ) H,,,.,.,. 80

82 ),,.,,,....,, , ) /2003. O.. IoT. datacenters 81

83 ,,,., /2003, /2008, , 9,, 82

84 / /1999, 95/46/24/10/ /66/15/12/1997.,, : (1) 9,,,,. (2) 19. 1,.. (3) 9. 2,. ( ). 2867/2000. (4) /1999,,. 83

85 . 2225/1994. (5) /1999,. (6) /1997. (7) /1994 ) 19 ). (8) 370. (9) 370,, 84

86 (BEREC).. BEREC.,,, (RFID), : "ERC RECOMMENDATION / Relating to the use of short range devices (SRD)", [6] 85

87 2002/58/,, /24/, 2002/58/, /804/, «(RFID) (UHF)», [ (2006) 5599], [17] 2009/140/ 2002/21/, 2002/19/, 2002/20/, /136/, 2002/22/, 2002/58/ ( ). 2006/

88 3.10 Rfid. internet, RFID,,., internet rfid... «Privacy enhancing technologies»,., ( hacking ),., rfid ; rfid,. rfid,. 87

89 ( ),. RFID IPv6,, IP 6 (IPv6),,,. IPv6 4 IP (IPv4),., IP,., IPv6 88

90 ,., IPv6,,. IPv6, 2/2002. IPv6.,,,,. IPv6.,, IP. 2/2002 IPv6. : 89

91 , Internet, IPv6.,,,,, IPv6,».,., IPv6, :. IPv6.. IPv6.. IPv6.... IPv6.. IPv6.. IPv6. 90

92 IPv6.,,,,,.. 95/46/ 97/66/.», 2000, IP., 29, 95/46/,., ( ) IPv6.,. 91

93 IPv6,,,.,, IPv6,,.,, 2002, 29 2/2002 : IPv6». «IP,». IP internet of things.,, 92

94 ,.,,,,,.,,, cloud.,,,,.»,,.,,,,,., IoT,. 93

95 3.13..,,.,, marketing., hosting.,.,,.,. 94

96 ,,. 3.14, IoT. Ipv4, Ipv6.,,..,. 95

97 ,., Iot. 96

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99 Shah Zubin, Simulation and Analysis of RFID Localization Algorithms [13].. 399/34 ( ), (.. 399/34, 1456/ / ). [14]European Commission, Information Society and Media Directorate-General: From RFID to the Internet of Things, Pervasive networked systems, [15]Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council,the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions, early Early Challenges regarding the "Internet of Things",{COM(2008) aaa},{sec(2008) bbb} [16]Maarten Botterman for the European Commission,Information Society and Media DirectorateGeneral:Internet of Things: an early reality of the Future Internet, Prague, [17],,,,, , COM(2009) 278 [18]Gerald Santucci. From Internet of Data to Internet of Things, Presented at International Conference on Future Trends of the Internet,2009 [19] Soghoian Christopher, RFID and Privacy, Spar Lab Seminar, September

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