Άλλες Ονομασίες Syria Prima, Syria Ι. Γεωγραφική Θέση North Syria, modern southeastern Turkey. Ιστορική Περιοχή Syria

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1 Περίληψη : The proto-byzantine province of Syria I was formed in 415 with Antioch to the north of Coele Syria as its metropolitan seat. Its boundaries were reduced in 528 (foundation of Theodorias). The Persians raided the region (4 th - 7 th c.) and afterwards the Arabs were firmly established (between 633 and 640). Άλλες Ονομασίες Syria Prima, Syria Ι Γεωγραφική Θέση North Syria, modern southeastern Turkey Ιστορική Περιοχή Syria Διοικητική Υπαγωγή Diocese of Oriens 1. Administration Political geography The early Byzantine province of Syria I of the diocese of Oriens was located on the Near Eastern coast, opposite to the northeastern end of the island of Cyprus. It was formed by Theodosios II ( ) in the year 415 over territories of the province of Coele Syria and included the north/northwestern region. Political and ecclesiastical metropolis of the province Syria I was Antioch-upon-Orontes, a city on the banks of the river Orontes, which was the seat of the Consularisof the province, of the eparch of the dioceses of Oriens and of the patriarch of Antioch, occasionally as well of the magister militum per Orientem. At the same time, the lands to the south constituted the province of Syria II/Salutaris with Apameia of the Orontes as its metropolis. In 528 Justinian I ( ) detached coastal territories of Syria I in order to organize them as the province of Theodorias with Laodikeia as its metropolis. The province Syria I bordered other provinces of the diocese of Oriens, to the north the province of Cilicia II and to the east the province Euphratensis. Southwards the province stretched as far as the province of Syria II. 2. Cities Demography During the first and last quarter of the 6 th century Syria I numbered seven or eight cities. According to the notitia episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Antioch, during the late 6 th century the ecclesiastical seats of the province were autocephalous archbishoprics or metropolis under archbishops, archbishops/synkelloi or autocephalous metropolitans. 1 Definitely the most important city was that of Antioch and second most important city must have been from the beginnings Laodikeia, subsequently the metropolis of Theodorias, which for a short period of time was also the seat of the Patriarchate, during the year Always well-known were Berroia, modern Aleppo (Halab), a significant trade center, and Chalkis, one of the two cities of the diocese of Oriens that in the summer of 484 did not follow the unsuccessful rebellious movement of the Isaurians Leontios and Illos against Zeno ( / ). On the contrary Antioch, a traditional shelter for rebels, was found from the beginning on their side. The inhabitants of the cities were for the most part merchants, Syrians that spoke the Syrian language, Jews, as well as a large number of Hellenized citizens. The Latin-speaking state officials resided mainly at Antioch. On the countryside lived Syrian farmers. 3. History Civilization The Jewish communities of the coastal cities of Syria I throve until the beginnings of the 7 th century, when they were diminished, under Herakleios ( ). Throughout Syria, as much the Christian community of the Orthodox as that of the Monophysits was active and prosperous. The numerous churches of the two Creeds, just as their monasteries as well, constituted monuments of architectural beauty, Δημιουργήθηκε στις 12/11/2017 Σελίδα 1/5

2 especially at the cities. In the region were found many remarkable pilgrimage shrines, amongst which the one of Qalat Siman near Antioch. During late Antiquity the repeated damages that were caused by earthquakes and other natural disasters, as well as the belligerents activity imposed the carrying out of repairing works upon the monuments or even more the building of new ones. The religious architecture is believed to have been continuously renewed throughout Syria during the period of the 4 th until the 7 th century. 3 At the same period of time extensive fortifying works were carried out at the cities, walls were raised and garrisons were settled. The province Syria Ι, just as the wider region of Syria in late Antiquity, was systematically plundered by the Persians, sometimes aided by the Huns. The years 540 and 573 target of their raid was the region from the southeastern border until the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It was about a region from where the Byzantines troops set out for their eastern operations. During the first quarter of the 7 th century the Persians were established for a short period of time on the eastern and southern lands of Syria. Occasionally the cities of Syria Ι were occupied and sacked. The metropolis faced the same fortune in the years 602 and 611. The province, nevertheless, remained mainly under the authority of the Byzantines and supported Herakleios ( ) campaigns. A little later, between the years 633 and 640, it was the Arabs that dominated over the region Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d Hiéroklès et l opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), Synekdemos p. 39, ; George of Cyprus p. 62, Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notitia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp On page 74, under the jurisdiction of the metropolitan of Apameia, namely of Syria ΙΙ, are recorded seven bishoprics. 2. Antioch was deprived of its ecclesiastical privileges by Theodosios I as a punishment, while other penalties were inflicted on February 387 when the city s inhabitants rioted without success against his fiscal policy. The decision was raised on March. 3. Mango, Μ.Μ., Syria, in Kazhdan, A. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium III (Oxford New York 1991), pp Some places of the former Syria I returned to the Byzantines in 969 only to be lost anew around 1084, when the Seljuks were firmly established in the wider region or Armenian independent rulers prevailed over the cities. Βιβλιογραφία : Jones A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey, 1-2, Oxford 1964 Fedalto G., Hierarchia Ecclesiastica Orientalis. Series Episcoporum Ecclesiarum Christianarum Orientalium II. Patriarchatus Alexandrinus, Antiochenus Hierosolymitanus, Padοva 1988 Felix W., Byzanz und die islamische Welt im früheren 11. Jahrhundert, Wien 1981, Byzantina Vindobonensia 14 Cahen C., La Syrie du Nord à l époque des Croisades et la principauté franque d Antioche, Paris 1940 Bouchier A., A Short History of Antioch 300 BC-1286 AD, Oxford 1921 Browning R., "The Riot of A.D. 387 in Antioch", Journal of Roman Studies, 49, 1952, Doweny G., A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest, Princeton University Press, Princeton New Jersey 1961 Βρυώνης Σ., "Aspects of Byzantine Society in Syro-Palestine", Vryonis, Sp. Jr. (ed.), Byzantine Studies in Honor of Milton Anastos, Malibu, California 1985, Δημιουργήθηκε στις 12/11/2017 Σελίδα 2/5

3 Oikonomides N., "L'organisation de la frontière orientale de Byzance aux Xe-XIe siècles et le Taktikon d Escorial", Berza, M. Stanescu, E. (eds), Actes du XIVe Congrès International des Etudes Byzantines, Rapports I, Bucarest 1974, Mango M.M., "Syria", Kazhdan, A. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium III, Oxford New York 1991, Σινάκος Αν., Άνθρωπος και περιβάλλον στην πρωτοβυζαντινή εποχή (4ος-6ος αι.), Θεσσαλονίκη 2003 Δικτυογραφία : Antioch Mosaics Gallery Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century - Google Αναζήτηση Βιβλίων id=bevev9ovzacc&pg=pa79&lpg=pa79&dq=syria+prima&source=web&ots=oa496h6cxc&sig=b9itcswf50br18rn-dlc05npd- I&hl=el&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result Le Synekdèmos d'hiéroclès et l'opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre, Bruxelles 1939: charted are the lands of: Europe, Asia Minor, Near East Notitia Dignitatum Γλωσσάριo : consularis Provincial governor. According to the later roman and the early byzantine administrative organisation, the provinciae consulariae belonged to the jurisdinction of the consuli and later the consularii (consularis, vir clarissimus as far as the senatoral rank is concerned). The dignity of consularios had been an administrative innovation of Constantine I, relating to the exercise of the politcal authority. magister militum Senior military commander in the Roman and Early Byzantine period. The office was given to the commander of the forces based on the province: magister militum per Armeniam: general commander of Armenia (established by Justinian I), magister militum per Illyricum: of Illyricum, magister militum per Orientem: of the eastern provinces, magister militum praesentalis: in command of the army based on the imperial court, magister utriusque militiae: the general commander of all land military forces, that is, cavalry and infantry. Notitia episcopatuum The Notitiae episcopatuum are official documents of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and Antioch, containing the ecclesiastical dioceses in hierarchical order.these documents were modfied regularly. synkellos Συμπληρώστε την περιγραφή στην γλώσσα μετάφρασης Πηγές Laterculus Veronensis Notitia Dignitatum, Jones, A.H.M. (ed.), The Verona List The Notitiae Dignitatum, Appendix III: Dioceses and Provinces, in Jones, A.H.M., The Later Roman Empire, A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey III (Oxford 1964). Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d Hiéroklès et l opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), Synekdemos p. 39, ; George of Cyprus p. 62, Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notitia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), pp Παραθέματα 1. The hierarchy of the sees of the Patriarchate of Antioch (late 6 th c.): Δημιουργήθηκε στις 12/11/2017 Σελίδα 3/5

4 Πρώτος μεν Iησούς Xριστός. Πρώτος δε μετʹ αυτόν ο θρόνος Aντιοχείας, έστι δε πατριαρχικός. Yπόκεινται δε αυτώ αρχιεπίσκοποι ήτοι σύγκελλοι επτά α. ο Bεροίας. β. ο Xαλκίδος. γ. ο Γαβάλων. δ. ο Σελευκείας Πιερίας. ε. ο Aνασάρθης ο και Θεοδωριουπόλεως. ς. ο Πάλτου. ζ ο Γαβούλας. Eισί δε και δύο λιτοί αρχιεπίσκοποι υποκείμενοι τω πατριάρχη και αποστελλόμενοι υπʹ αυτού επί πρεσβείαν, τουτέστιν εις σύνοδον και τα τοιαύτα α. ο Σαλαμιάδος. β. ο Bαρκουσών. Mητροπολίται αυτοκέφαλοι τέτταρες α. ο Bηρυττού. β. ο Eμέσης. γ. ο Λαοδικείας. δ. ο Kύρου. Honigmann, E. (ed.), Studien zur Notitia Antiochena, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 25 (1925), p. 73. Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι 1.a The cities of Syria Ι after Synekdemos of Hierokles (first quarter of 6 th c.): Antioch Seleukeia Laodikeia Gabbula Paltos Berroia Chalkis Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d Hiéroklès et l opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), Synekdemos p. 39, b The cities of Theodorias after George of Cyprus (last quarter of 6 th c.): Laodikeia Paltos Balaneai Gabbula Honigmann, E. (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d Hiéroklès et l opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre (Bruxelles 1939), George of Cyprus p. 62, Earthquakes in early Byzantine Syria I 341: Antioch 431: Syria 458: Antioch 475/6: Gabbula 526: Antioch 528: Antioch Δημιουργήθηκε στις 12/11/2017 Σελίδα 4/5

5 539: Antioch 567: Syria 577: Antioch 580: Anemourion 588: Antioch Σινάκος Αν., Άνθρωπος και περιβάλλον στην πρωτοβυζαντινή εποχή (4ος 6ος αι.), (Thessalonica 2003). Δημιουργήθηκε στις 12/11/2017 Σελίδα 5/5

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