STEAM TABLES. Mollier Diagram

Transcript

1 STEAM TABLES and Mollier Diagram (S.I. Units) dharm \M-therm\C-steam.pm5

2 CONTENTS Table No. Page No. 1. Saturated Water and Steam (Temperature) Tables I (ii) 2. Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure) Tables II (iv) 3. Superheated Steam at Various Pressures and Temperatures III (xiii) 4. Supercritical Steam IV (xviii) 5. Conversion Factors V (xix) SYMBOLS AND UNITS USED IN THE TABLES t = Temperature, C t s = Saturation temperature, C p = Pressure, bar h f = Specific enthalpy of saturated liquid, kj/kg = Specific enthalpy of evaporation (latent heat), kj/kg = Specific enthalpy of saturated vapour, kj/kg = Specific entropy of saturated liquid, kj/kg K g = Specific entropy of evaporation, kj/kg K = Specific entropy of saturated vapour, kj/kg K = Specific volume of saturated liquid, m 3 /kg = Specific volume of saturated steam, m 3 /kg

3 ( ii ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TABLE I Saturated Water and Steam (Temperature) Tables Temp. Absolute Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume ( C) pressure (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) t p h f g dharm \M-therm\C-steam.pm5

4 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( iii ) Temp. Absolute Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume ( C) pressure (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) t p h f g dharm \M-therm\C-steam.pm5

5 ( iv ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TABLE II Saturated Water and Steam (Pressure) Tables Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g dharm \M-therm\C-steam.pm5

6 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( v ) Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g dharm \M-therm\C-steam.pm5

7 ( vi ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g dharm \M-therm\C-steam.pm5

8 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( vii ) Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g

9 ( viii ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g

10 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( ix ) Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g

11 ( x ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g

12 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( xi ) Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g

13 ( xii ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Absolute Temp. Specific enthalpy Specific entropy Specific volume pressure ( C) (kj/kg) (kj/kg K) (m 3 /kg) p t s h f g

14 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( xiii ) p (t s ) TABLE III Superheated Steam at Various Pressures and Temperatures t ( C) v u (7.0) h s v u (32.9) h s v u (45.8) h s v u (81.3) h s v u (92.0) h s v u (99.6) h s v u (100) h s v u (111.4) h s

15 ( xiv ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS p (t s ) t ( C) v u (120.2) h s v u (127.4) h s v u (133.5) h s v u (143.6) h s p (t s ) t ( C) v u (151.8) h s v u (158.8) h s v u (165.0) h s v u (170.4) h s

16 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( xv ) p (t s ) t ( C) v u (175.4) h s v u (179.9) h s v u (198.3) h s v u (212.4) h s v u (223.9) h s v u (233.8) h s v u (250.4) h s v u (263.9) h s

17 ( xvi ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS p (t s ) t ( C) v u (275.5) h s v u (285.8) h s p (t s ) t ( C) v (294.9) h s v (303.3) h s v (311.0) h s v (318.0) h s v (324.6) h s v (330.8) h s v (336.6) h s v (342.1) h s

18 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( xvii ) p (t s ) t ( C) v (347.3) h s v (352.3) h s v (356.9) h s v (361.4) h s v (365.7) h s v (369.8) h s v (373.7) h s

19 ( xviii ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS p t ( C) TABLE IV Supercritical Steam v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s v h s

20 STEAM TABLES AND MOLLIER DIAGRAM ( xix ) Force TABLE V Conversion Factors Pressure 1 newton = 1 kg-m/sec 2 = kgf 1 kgf = 9.81 N 1 bar = mm Hg = atm = 10 5 N/m 2 = 10 3 kg/m-sec 2 1 N/m 2 = 1 pascal = 10 5 bar = 10 2 kg/m-sec 2 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 1.03 kgf/cm 2 = bar = N/m 2 Work, Energy or Heat Power 1 joule = 1 newton metre = 1 watt-sec = kwh = cal = kcal 1 cal = joule = kwh 1 kcal = joule = 427 kgfm = kwh 1 kwh = cal = 860 kcal = joule 1 kgfm = F HG I K J kcal = 9.81 joules 1 watt = 1 joule/sec = 0.86 kcal/h 1 h.p. = 75 mkgf/sec = kcal/sec = watt 1 kw = 1000 watts = 860 kcal/h

21 ( xx ) ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Specific heat 1 kcal/kg - K = 4.18 kj/kg-k Thermal conductivity 1 watt/m-k = kcal/h-m- C 1 kcal/h-m- C = watt/m-k = joules/s-m-k Heat transfer co-efficient 1 watt/m 2 -K = 0.86 kcal/m 2 -h- C 1 kcal/m 2 -h- C = watt/m 2 -K IMPORTANT ENGINEERING CONSTANTS AND EXPRESSIONS IN SI UNITS Engineering constants M.K.S. system S.I. units and expressions 1. Value of g kg-m/kgf-sec 2 1 kg-m/n-sec 2 2. Universal gas constant 848 kgf-m/kg mole- K = 8314 J/kg-mole- K (Q 1 kgf-m = 9.81 joules) 3. Gas constant (R) kgf m/kg- K for air = 287 joules/kg-k for air 4. Specific heats (for air) c v = 0.17 kcal/kg- K c v = = kj/kg-k c p = 0.24 kcal/kg- K c p = = 1 kj/kg-k 5. Flow through nozzle-exit 91.5 U where U is in kcal 44.7 U where U is in kj velocity (C 2 ) 6. Refrigeration 1 ton = 50 kcal/min = 210 kj/min 7. Heat transfer The Stefan Boltzman Q = σt 4 kcal/m 2 -h Q = σt 4 watts/m 2 -h Law iiven by : when σ = when σ = kcal/h-m 2 - K 4 W/m 2 K 4