Trace gas emissions from soil ecosystems and their implications in the atmospheric environment

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1 J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys. No. 3., p.,+ -+,**- * Trace gas emissions from soil ecosystems and their implications in the atmospheric environment Kazuyuki YAGI* * National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science, Kannondai, Tsukuba -*/ 20*. + CO, CH. N,O: IPCC WMO IPCC,**+ ;WMO,** , CFC +33/,***,, IPCC,**+ + GWP : Global Warming Potential +**, ,* 0 IPCC,**+,, * -*/ 20* :

2 22 3.,**- + IPCC,**+ IPCC +, IPCC +33/ -*, + 0* Tg ++ /* 1*.-,

3 : 23 + IPCC +33/ Tg yr + Tg yr + ++/,* +* +/.* -* +/ 2/ 0*.*.*,/,/ // +/* +* /* / /* +*.*,/ /* +/./ / -* + -* 0/ +**,* +**,* 2*,* 1*,* -* +/ 2*, IPCC +33/ Tg N yr + Tg N yr + -4* *40-4* +4* +4* +4*.4, *4/, / *4- +4,,4, -41 *4/,4* *4+,4* *4/,4+ * *4, +4* *40-4+ * , Eh +/* mv +312,

4 24 3.,**-, O, -, Schütz et al., +33* Eh Denier van der Gon and Neue, +33/ Eh Eh

5 : 25 Eh Yagi et al., +330 Sass et al., +33* - - mg m, hr + + +** gm, - 0* Tg,* +** Tg IPCC +33/ +33, * +,./ gm, --* Gg --,**- -., -

6 26 3.,**-,**-.. + NH.-N NO --N NO N,O hole-in-the-pipe model Firestone and Davidson, +323 NO,***. hole-in-the-pipe model Firestone and Davidson, +323., / Yan et al.,,**+ McTaggart et al., / CDM : UDM : USM : ;B: S: H: Yan et al.,,**+

7 : ,**-,*** IPCC IPCC,**+. - Bouwman E + *.*+,/ N appl + E kg N ha + yr + N appl kgn ha + yr + + kg N ha + yr + N appl *.*+,/ +33* 2* Tg N yr * 3 ha * Tg N yr + *.+ / Bouwman +.,/ , Gg N yr +.. Li et al., +330 ; Hosen et al.,,*** / / + +* pptv GWP Cl Br,**/,*+/

8 28 3.,**- WMO,**- +33, 1/,0,/ /,,3** 1* +0 2, /.2 +, , +331 /, * 3* ph,0./ Gg yr + : +0.2 Gg yr + WMO,**

9 : 29 +* / - : +332 ;,***,**/ 0 Bouwman, A.F. (+330) : Direct emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils. Nutr. Cycle. Agroecosys.,.0 : /- 1*. Denier van der Gon, H.A.C. and H.U. Neue (+33/) : Influence of organic matter incorporation on methane emission from a wetland rice field. Global Biogeochem. Cycle, 3 : ++,,. Firestone, M.K. and E.A. Davidson (+323) : Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere. pp. 1,+, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Hosen, Y., H. Tsuruta and K. Minami (,***) : E#ects of depth of NO and N,O productions in soil on their emission rates to the atmosphere : analysis by a simulation model. Nutr. Cycle Agroecosys., /1 : IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (+33/) : Climate change +33/, the scientific basis. Cambridge university press. IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (,**+) : Climate change,**+, the scientific basis. Cambridge university press [http : // ch/, http : // ipcc/ipccreport.html +33. :.3 :,2 -, : Techno Innnovation,/ :,+,0. Li, C., V. Narayanan and R.C. Harris (+330) : Model estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural lands in the United States. Global Biogeochem. Cycle, +* :,31 -*0. McTaggart, I.P., H. Clayton and K.A. Smith (+33.) : Non-CO, greenhouse gases. pp..,+.,0, Kluwer Academic Publ :,**- : +3 No., : /- : + 0. Sass, R.L., F.M. Fisher, P.A. Harcombe and F.T.

10 30 3.,**- Turner (+33*) : Methane production and emission in a Texas rice field. Global Biogeochem. Cycles,. : Schütz, H., W. Seiler and R. Conrad (+33*) : Influence of soil temperature on methane emission from rice paddy fields. Biogeochem., ++ : 11 3/ : pp.,- //,*** : 1+ : //. /0.. WMO, World Meteorological Organization (,**-) : Scientific assessment of ozone depletion :,**,. WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No..1 [http : // Yagi, K., H. Tsuruta, K. Kanda and K. Minami (+330) : E#ect of water management on methane emission from a Japanese rice paddy field : automated methane monitoring. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, +* :,//,01.,*** : 1+ : 1+2 1,/.,**- : +/ Yan, X., Y. Hosen and K. Yagi (,**+) : Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from maize field plots as a#ected by N fertilizer type and application method. Biol. Fertil. Soil, -. :,31 -* : pp. 2/ +*/ :,**- 1,/ :,**- 3 +

11 : 31 : N, O : CO, NO N,O C N C N : : :

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