x(t)=4sin(600пt) (Nyquist rate) (aliasing error)

Transcript

1 0 Digital Communication Modulation Technique (wide band) 4 (discrete) 5 (PPM) (Sampling theorem) (ASK) (PCM) 6 7 1/4 200Hz 550Hz (Nyquist rate) 600Hz 550Hz (aliasing error) 600Hz 00Hz x(t)=4sin(600пt) 1/ 50Hz 1200Hz 50Hz 1200Hz 50Hz 1200Hz

2 PAM ASK Mbps 500KBaude 0KBaude (minimum) 00Hz 500KHz (NRZ-1) PPM PCM 500Baude 0Baude Hz 00KHz PPM PAM PWM Hz Hz 400 Hz SNR db 1.92 db X(t)=sin(62t) 00 Hz 600 Hz db db (D) S/N BER 24 WDM PPM (multiplex) 4 FDM TDM Network Essential 3D MAX Windows XP Linux Unix (350)

3 24 SCMA/CD CSAM/CD ( /2) TCP/IP CSMA/CD MSCA/CD (Point-to-Point) (VLSM) WAN 27 /29 /2 /31 /30 2 (Valid) bit 64 bit ( /2) (MAC) 16 bit 4 bit TCP TFTP FTP NFS (Active HUB) 34 (Collision domain) 35 3

4 (Switch) (HUB) 36 (Roll over) Console Cross over 37 server/peer Peer-to-peer Client/server Workgroup 3 EISA ISA PCMCIA PCI MAC IP 39 PARP ARP Telnet DNS CAT5e 40 0 Mbps 20Mbps 000 Mbps 00 Mbps (Starup) Routing and Switching (Valid configuration) DRAM EEPROM NVRAM DRAM (Router) Enable Telnet console Enable secret (Router mode) Privileged mode Global mode Privilege selected mode User mode (serial 0) DCE DTE 44 Sh in serial 1 Show int serial Show serial 1 controllers Show controllers serial (RAM) 45 Show version Show backup-config Show startup-config Show running-config [ Gateway(config)# ip route ] Dynamic routing (RIP) Static routing Dynamic routing () Default routing Static, RIP RIP Static (routing loops) RIPv2 4 4

5 Classless masking Split horizon RIP CIDR 49 VLSM Router(config-if)#no routing Router(config-if)#passive interface Router(config-router)#passive-interface s0 Router(config-router)#no routing updates CIDR 50 /30 /32 /29 /31 Link-State 51 RIPv1 OSPF RIPv2 0 (Administrative-distance) 52 RIPv2 RIPv1 E VLSM 53 OSPF RIPv1 E (Classful Protocol) 54 RIPv1 RIPv2 E (route discovery and maintenance) (Route Advertisements ) 55 Route table RTP table (Hop counts) Topology table Neighborship table RIP VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 (interface) VLANs (Switch) (router) 57 Mbps ethernet 56Kbps serial 0Mbps Ethernet 5

6 (2950 switch) (trunk port) Switchport trunk on Switch mode trunk 02.1Q LSL (routers) 1Gbps Ethernet 5 Trunk on Trunk all 59 ISL VLANs 60 E RIPv1 & RIPv2 Principles of Telecommunications 20 KHz 000 KHz m f >>1 m f <<1 WBFM S(t) = 4 cos (000π)t (m f ) FM V(t) = 15 cos ( t + 2 sin 62t) 0Hz 200Hz (70 76MHz) 47.5 MHz MHz S(t) = 5 sin 00t V ( V) 7.07 V (1 V) OSPOF 5 KHz KHz m f >0 1> m f >0 Δf 50Hz 150Hz MHz MHz (RMS) 5V V AM 20 db -20 db dbm dbmo FM (DSB-TC) db - db db dbr PAM FSK

7 69 Vm(t)=3 sin (2π * 4 )t Vc(t)=4cos (2π* 6 )t KHz KHz FM 00 KHz KHz 71 15KHz KHz KHz KHz 50 KHz 15 KHz 6V 4V Vc(t) = sin (2π * 6 )t (DSB-TC) Vm(t) = 5 cos (2π * 2000)t 500Ω 40 mw 140 mw 4 mw 0 mw FM VFM(t) = 20 cos (2п*0* 6 t + cos (2п*00t)) 0 KHz 1KHz 0 MHz 1 MHz FM Foster Sealy PLL Varactor VCO Sp=4V (4 bits) DM PAM PCM Sp=-4V S(t) PCM PPM V 1 V V 0.25 V 7

8 (Slope over load) (Bandwidth) (Bandwidth reduction techniques in ADC) (Stair Case) (Granular noise) Network Transmission Media 0 1 (capacitive) (inductive) attenuation 2 attenuation attenuation attenuation 01 KHz Km Km m m n n4<n3<n2<n1 7 E

9 9 ( )MHz SHf EHF F.D,E,E1 F2,F1,D,E HF VHF F3.F2,F1.D F MHz (ZL=0) -1 λ/2 ) (0.1mW) 5 m 5.7 m 15 W W 50Km 0.25dB/Km 1.43 m 2.57 m 5.62 W W 95 (matching impedance ) (horn feed) 9 9

10 99 Zo = ZL 0