ό 1 ί Α «Π ί ά,»-π ί ί ό ί ENERGY WASTE 25-04-2013. ό Π,. Α ό όβ Π ί 9, ί β 15780, άφ Email: sotokar@mail.ntua.gr URL: www.lsbtp.mech.ntua.gr
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ό ά ί φ Α Α Π : CEWEP
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άα ί (Mechanical and Biological Treatment) : ΚτλδΝ Ϊ δν βμν δ δε έμν πλγωγάμνθε βγϋθ ωθνεν έηωθ ί ί ά ό ό β ό ό ό Α ά φ ί ί φό ό ά ό, NIR) Π ό ΑΝΑΚΥΚΛΩΣΙΜΑ Α (Material Recycling Facilities) NIR ό Α όβ (Πβγά: www.titech.com) ά όα (Refuse Derived Fuel) Α όβ
άα ό RDF (Refuse Derived Fuels) ό βά ό : ί Α Ορσμός Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) «ά ό ά ί β ό ό ί ί β ί» ί SRF βά ό ό ό Cl ό ί Hg β ό ί ί ί Refused Derived Fuels (RDF) ά - Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) (CEN TC 343) π, 5% Ύ λ 11% ί λ 1β ή, 43%, 2% π π λ θ π λ 16% SRF π λ γ π
άα ό ί RF, 343 : T ί CEN/TC Π ό ί φ ά ό (.. ό ό RAL-GZ 724) ί β ό ί ί ί SRF ό ό
ό ό ί β SRF βά ό %.β. Hg), ό K, ά... (Cl) ά (Hg) άα K ί ό ά 80 %.β. Cl) ί. ί 1 2 3 4 5,,,,, MJ/kg % ό ί mg/mj ί SRF φ. ί SRF ί -β ά ό,,, 8,,,,,,, ά ό ί ί - β ά β ί ϊό ).
άα Ά / Α ά %.β. ί RDF 2 TDF (Tyre Derived Fuel) 41,67 26,72 0,4 φ " 9,70 8,49 7,6 ά " 46,26 59,97 68,7 " 2,37 4,83 23,3 C " 27,72 35,76 81,3 H " 3,70 4,66 7,3 N " 0,79 0,84 0,3 S " 0,09 0,16 1,5 O " 15,91 23,09 3,1 Cl " 0,41 0,28-10,87 13,43 ά...... RDF 1 MJ/kg ( MJ/kg ( - ό 20,40 19,31 35,76
άα Α ί -
A ό H ά ί RDF/SRF (1/3 ) RDF/SRF Industriepark ö hst ά ί Industriepark ö hst ί βά, ά o ~70 MWe (~250 kg /h). H ά ί ί φ ί (ICFB) ί EBARΑ. O ό ά ~. ό RDF/SRF ί ί.
M SRF ά ί / SRF ά ί ά RWE Berrenrath (CFB)-65.000 ό / Weisweiler (PC)-100.000 ό /, ί ά RECOFUEL ί ό Π. Α ό ά, ά ί SRF ά ό ά ί CO2). Α ό ά, % Cl ό β β φό ό SRF βί % ί βά. Α ό β ά β ί φ ί φ φ ά. ό ί ί βά ά SRF φ ί ί.
ί β ά β β ί, SRF / ) ό β β ά (~63:37) 15 (1990-2005), ό 3 12. β ί ά ό / ί CSI, CEMBUREAU) EE φά. 50% φ ί β ί ό ό ά όβ β ά. Π ί 2. ό SRF φ β ί ί. ά, όβ ά ό φ ά ί, ί ό β ί, ό ί ά ί ί β ί (Neovis, 2008) ί ό Α ό Α.
Α ά π Α ά Επ (SRF+ ί ί Α Α βά SRF ά φ ό ) ω SRF
ά φ 1 ά (Emitted, Savings) Π ί ά βά ό. ί ί 2 ά Emitted*, Avoided, Savings) Π ί ά βά ί ί βά ί φ φ ί ), φ ό.
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ί ί ; Πζ θ ε άη ΝΑ λδπέβ βμμ Α ί όβ,, ό ί β ό ό ό ί ό ό ό ά. Μ δθ ε άη ΝΑ λδπέβ βμμ ί ά ό ό ά ί
ί Α ί ί ί ί ω π φ 30- % β ό ά ά Αν γ ληδεάνα λδπέβ βν π + + ΟλγθδεσΝνζδεσΝ Αζζγ ληδεάννα λδπέβ βν ω π + + π Θ λησ β
Α ί ΑΫλδΝ τθγ βμν Ξάλθ βν > > Θ λησ β + Η2 Πνλσζν βν π + Tar CH4 CO2 H2O Κτ βν C+O2 -> CO2 4H+O2 -> 2H2O Αθγωγά C+CO2 -> 2CO C+H2O -> CO + H2 H2O CO H2
Sta ilat : Fuel from nonhazardous municipal waste through Mechanical and Biological treatment to be used for energy recovery Calorific value Water content Percentage of total MSW input : : 15-18 MJ/kg appr. 15 weight-% : appr. 53 weight-% noncombustible material (stones, glass, m etals) <1 weight-% renewable energy sources (paper, textiles, wood, organic material, loss on ignition of the fine particles) ~ 65 weight % other fossil energy sources (textiles, rubber, composites, etc. ) ~ 25 weight-% plastics ~ 9 Weight.-% Ge eral Sta ilat gasifi atio adva tages: Post combustion cleaning Smaller gas cleaning equipment
Tro ke sta ilat (soft pellets) Floc Hard pellet Soft pellet 34
Comparison of the Stabilat fuel with other fuels Fuel Brown coal Hard coal Fuel oil Natural gas Stabilat Overall CO2emission factor heating value specific regenerative specific fossil fossil CO2Overall-CO2energy CO2emission emissions contingent emissions factor g CO2/MJ MJ/kg g CO2/kg %-energy contingent 111 93 74 56 71 8,6 29,7 35,4 31,7 15 955 2.762 2.620 1.775 1.067 0% 0% 0% 0% 66,8% g CO2 / kg g CO2/MJ 955 2.762 2.620 1.775 354 111 93 74 56 24
Demonstration of a polygeneration unit with Stabilat gasification at the Osnabrü k site Steam Turbine Fluidised bed gasifier Cyclone G Gas boiler (Combustion Chamber) The results withh show the viability of the combination of MBT plants and Heatthe energy exploitation of the produced RDF/SRF fuel of 50.000 tn/a Heating net Fuel input Pel Main purpose of the POLYSTABILAT project is the construction of a Demonstration plant for the gasification of ~ 750 kg/h of Stabilat. M EU Project: TREN/FP7EN/219062 Polystabilat Stabilat Herhof Re y li g e ter Os a rü k G H Free University of Brussels National Technical University of Athens University of Stuttgart
Gasification Plant Electricity Generation G CEN 343 Low quality SRF Heat Generation Biomass High quality Novel Fuel Fuel Markets Novel Solid Biofuels CEN 335?
Flow diagram of the gasification process in Osnabrü k kg/h
1 β ί Α ί Sta ilat z CH X OY N Z wh 2O m O2 3.76 N 2 n1h 2 n2co n3co2 n4 H 2O n5ch 4 3.76m N 2 2 10 Heat losses 3% (+) 5 Q ( %) 0-5 16-10 21 (-) 26 31 36 41 % 46 Α >. 8 ί 8 >. 8 φ ί ά. -15-20 ί C. ά %. C: Autothermal operation -25 20 Carbon matter ( %) ί ό 3.8 MJ/kg 15 ί 10 5 1% 0 16 21 26 31 36 41 % 46
ί ί ί 35 30 80 0,55 cg (%) 70 0,5 60 0,45 50 0,4 CO 20 CO2 15 5 30 0,3 0 C CH4 700 800 900 Gasification temperature C 2 10 0,35 69 (%) 25 40 700 ex,g vv (%), N2 free 0,6 cg 2 800 Gasification temperature C ό ί ί, 68 67 ό β 66 700 800 900 Gasification temperature C 900 ό β ό ό ά 2 ό ό, ό ί ί ί ό ό ό β ό
ά ά ί Sta ilat Α ί ί ό ά ό 500 C φ Steam Engine Additional firing M G Air Air Air Condesnser Stabilat Gasifier Combustion Chamber Cyclone Steam Boiler M φ ί ta ilat ά
Sta ilat ά Α ί ί (in): 25 bar g / 260 C (Out): 0,5 bar g : 4,5 t/h : 394 kw Additional firing : 365 kwel Air ά : 400 V / 50 Hz Steam Engine M G Air Air Condesnser Stabilat Gasifier Cyclone Combustion Chamber Steam Boiler M
Sta ilat ά Α ί ί ί ί ί ό : 400 C : 30 bar ί : 27 bar φ. : 105 C Steam Engine Additional firing M G Air Air Air Condesnser Stabilat Gasifier Cyclone Combustion Chamber Steam Boiler M
ό ά φ ί & Expansion Machine & ί ί Steam Collector ³ DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 To thermal use Steam Collector ³ ³ ³ ³ ί ί ά φ φ ί ί & & ά
ί ά ί Sta ilat Expansion Machine ³ DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 DN 100 To thermal use Steam Collector Steam Collector ³ ³ ³ ³ Π ό ό β ό ά & ό ά Stabilat Gasification Plant 1.001 27 0.9954 27 2899.7 260 2899.7 260 Steam Engine PG P APP Vol % IPSEpro CH4 2.70 CO 10.76 H2 14.01 CO2 10.33 H2O 14.72 N2 46.79 HCl 0.02 Stabilat (kg/s) 0.2083 Rankine cycle eff (%) Plant eff (%) Syngas (kg/s) 0.5593 Gas yield (kg/kg) 2.6844 Cold gas eff 0.7664 324.2 0.1226 0.005291 27 0.1020!! Expression Error!! Heat Input (MW ) 2.92 Gas energy content (MW ) 2.66 Chemical 1.99 sensible 0.67 Mass_total[kg/h]nvolflow[Nm3/h] p[bar] t[ C] Stabilat 2899.7 260 3602.6 27 295.99 260 0.005291 1.5 2899.7 213.3 Lambda 1.001 1.5 2092.1 1.025 49 850 Feed Pump 2040.5 1.005 1857 765.7 1112 36.75 1997 29.63 4614.4 0.995 1997 100 3639 1594 4614.4 0.985 3602.6 31 64.9525 3639 164.3 4664.4 0.985 4660.9 1.006 3701 138.7 3701 141.8 Water Inj ection 3.7622 112.4 1.001 31 473.84 112.45 50 0.985 86.673 594.56 2573.9 1.16 1857 594.6 Cyclone 2573.9 1.16 Stack Bag filter Supplementary cooler 2127.2 1.015 1808 850 467.08 111.36 0.05015 25 3.5284 APP PG P AM B 473.84 112.45 A 1433.3 1.22 1112 100 35.07 1.025 AM B 1997 10 454.15 108.3 F 1433.3 1.21 2573.9 1.006 0.9954 1.5 Combustion Chamber Gasifier 1112 10 454.14 108.29 0.4021 Gas coolers 1433.3 1.006 0.9954 1.4 Water Tank Deaerator 1.001 31 1.875 25 Power Generation 2567.4 111.35 Air Cooled Condenser SILO 750 1.025 0.9954 1.5 Gas/Air ratio 0.9296 3602.6 31 137.31 3.7622 112.4 151.625 850 711.42 155.154 WAT 699.56 ASH SILO AM B
ί ά ί Sta ilat Stabilat Gasification Plant Α CH4 CO H2 CO2 H2O N2 HCl ό ί ί ί : C : C ό :. ά : % ό ί : g/π ³ ό : g/π ³ Vol % 2.70 10.76 Stabilat (kg/s) 0.2083 Rankine cycle eff (%) Plant eff (%) Syngas (kg/s) 0.5593 Gas yield (kg/kg) 2.6844 Cold gas eff 0.7664 0.1226 Heat Input (MW ) 2.92 Gas energy content (MW ) 2.66 Chemical 1.99 10.33 14.72 3602.6 27 46.79 Mass_total[kg/h]nvolflow[Nm3/h] p[bar] t[ C] 0.02 Stabilat sensible 0.67 SILO Lambda 1.875 25 0.4021 Gasifier Supplementary cooler 2092.1 1.025 49 850 2127.2 1.015 1808 850 2040.5 1.005 1857 765.7 1997 10 2573.9 1.16 2573.9 1.16 1112 36.75 1997 29.63 1857 594.6 4614.4 0.995 Cyclone 1997 100 1.001 31 3639 1594 3602.6 31 64.9525 4614.4 0.985 324.2 0.9954 1.5 473.84 112.45 Power Ge 2567.4 111.35 Air Cooled Condenser 0.9954 1.4 454.14 108.29 0.9954 1.5 454.15 108.3 Water Tank Deaerator 1.001 1.5 467.08 111.36 Feed Pump Stack Bag filter 3639 164.3 4664.4 0.985 4660.9 1.006 3701 138.7 3701 141.8 Water Inj ection 3.7622 112.4 1.001 31 473.84 112.45 50 0.985 86.673 594.56 2573.9 1.006 2899.7 213.3 2.70 10.76 14.01 10.33 14.72 46.79 0.02 4.33 A 1433.3 1.22 1112 100 35.07 1.025 AM B AM B 2899.7 260 Steam Engine F 1433.3 1.21 1112 10 0.005291 1.5 2899.7 260 Vol (%) Combustion Chamber Gas coolers 1433.3 1.006 295.99 260 0.9954 27 2899.7 260 0.05015 25 3.5284 APP PG P 750 1.025 CH4 CO H2 CO2 H2 O N2 HCl Product Gas LHV (MJ/Nm3) 0.005291 27 0.1020!! Expression Error!! 14.01 1.001 27 PG P APP Gas/Air ratio 0.9296 3602.6 31 137.31 3.7622 112.4 151.625 850 711.42 155.154 WAT 699.56 ASH SILO AM B
ί ά ί Sta ilat Stabilat Gasification Plant ί Vol % CH4 Stabilat (kg/s) 2.70 CO 10.76 H2 14.01 CO2 10.33 H2O 14.72 N2 46.79 HCl 0.02 0.2083 Rankine cycle eff (%) Plant eff (%) Syngas (kg/s) 0.5593 Gas yield (kg/kg) 2.6844 Cold gas eff 0.7664 φ ί : bar ί φ ί : ό :. bar 0.1226 0.1020!! Expression Error!! ί Heat Input (MW ) 2.92 Gas energy content (MW ) 2.66 Chemical 1.99 Mass_total[kg/h]nvolflow[Nm3/h] p[bar] t[ C] Stabilat sensible 1.001 27 3602.6 27 C 0.005291 27 324.2 2899.7 260 Lambda 295.99 260 0.005291 1.5 2899.7 213.3 473.84 112.45 1.001 1.5 Feed Pump 2092.1 1.025 49 850 1808 850 2573.9 1.16 2040.5 1.005 1857 765.7 1857 594.6 4614.4 0.995 Cyclone 2573.9 1.16 1112 36.75 1997 29.63 Bag filter Supplementary cooler 2127.2 1.015 3639 1594 4614.4 0.985 1997 100 3602.6 31 3639 164.3 4664.4 0.985 4660.9 1.006 3701 138.7 3701 141.8 Water Inj ection 3.7622 112.4 1.001 31 473.84 112.45 50 0.985 86.673 64.9525 Stack 0.05015 25 3.5284 APP PG P 1433.3 1.22 1112 100 35.07 1.025 467.08 111.36 A 1997 10 454.15 108.3 Water Tank Deaerator 594.56 2573.9 1.006 0.9954 1.5 0.4021 AM B AM B 454.14 108.29 F 1433.3 1.21 1112 10 0.9954 1.4 Combustion Chamber Gasifier Power Ge 2567.4 111.35 0.67 Gas coolers 1433.3 1.006 0.9954 1.5 Air Cooled Condenser SILO 1.875 25 2899.7 260 Steam Engine 1.001 31 750 1.025 0.9954 27 2899.7 260 PG P APP Gas/Air ratio 0.9296 3602.6 31 137.31 3.7622 112.4 151.625 850 711.42 155.154 WAT 699.56 ASH SILO AM B
ί ά ί Sta ilat Stabilat Gasification Plant 1.001 27 ό β ό ό ί : 76.64% ό ό : 12.26% 0.005291 ό β ό ό ά : 10.20% 27 0.9954 27 2899.7 260 2899.7 260 Steam Engine PG P APP CH4 Stabilat (kg/s) 2.70 CO 10.76 H2 14.01 CO2 10.33 H2O 14.72 N2 46.79 HCl 0.02 0.2083 Rankine cycle eff (%) Plant eff (%) Syngas (kg/s) 0.5593 Gas yield (kg/kg) 2.6844 Cold gas eff 0.7664 0.1226 0.1020!! Expression Error!! Heat Input (MW ) 2.92 Gas energy content (MW ) 2.66 Chemical 1.99 Mass_total[kg/h]nvolflow[Nm3/h] p[bar] t[ C] Stabilat sensible Lambda 1.875 25 3602.6 27 0.67 0.4021 Combustion Chamber 750 kg/h 1433.3 1.22 1.025 2573.9 1.16 1112 36.75 2573.9 1.006 Π ³/h AM B 2040.5 1.005 1857 765.7 2573.9 1.16 1997 29.63 4614.4 0.995 1997 100 64.9525 454.14 108.29 0.9954 1.5 454.15 108.3 Water Tank Deaerator 1.001 31 473.84 112.45 1.001 1.5 467.08 111.36 Feed Pump 3639 1594 4614.4 0.985 3602.6 31 3639 164.3 4664.4 0.985 3638 Π ³/h Stack 4660.9 1.006 3701 138.7 Gas/Air ratio 0.9296 3701 141.8 Water Inj ection 3.7622 112.4 1.001 31 473.84 112.45 50 0.985 594.56 1997 10 1857 594.6 86.673 AM B 0.9954 1.4 Bag filter Cyclone 850 2899.7 213.3 0.05015 25 3.5284 APP PG P 1112 10 2127.2 1.015 Π ³/h 2092.1 1808 0.005291 1.5 A 1433.3 1.006 Π ³/h 1112 100 49 850 295.99 260 F 1433.3 1.21 35.07 1.025 305kWPower Ge 2567.4 111.35 Supplementary cooler Gas coolers Gasifier 0.9954 1.5 Air Cooled Condenser SILO 750 1.025 324.2 2899.7 260 3600 kg/h Vol % 3602.6 31 137.31 3.7622 112.4 151.625 850 711.42 155.154 WAT 699.56 ASH SILO 146 kg/h AM B
ά ί Sta ilat Α ί ί ά β
ό ά at Gasification Plant ό ORC- Vol % 2.70 CO 10.76 H2 14.01 CO2 10.33 H2O 14.72 N2 46.79 HCl Stabilat (kg/s) 0.2083 Syngas (kg/s) 0.5593 Gas yield (kg/kg) 2.6844 Cold gas eff 0.7664 ORC eff (%) 18.1829 Plant eff (%) 14.5371 Heat Input (MW) 0.02 Heat input (HT Loop) 1769.3571 Heat input (LT Loop) 562.5094 Total Heat Input 2331.8665 β 2.92 Gas energy content (MW) MDM Turboden 4 (Split) ό ό ORC : 18.18% ό β ό ό ά 0.7261 CH4 8.155 1.5 9.513 6 : 14.53% 29.3 tn/h 637.4 310 8.155 2 1.281 0.995 Oil Boiler 1379.7 1106.3 637.5 310 ί 2.634 1.5 8.155 1.5 537.7 270 320.04 241.24 Turbine and Generator 424 kw 9.513 6.1 133.98 205 2.5 6.1 133.98 205 9.513 0.14 7.013 6.1 271.69 205.65 133.98 205 Recuperator LT Thermal oil loop 9.3 tn/h 2.634 1.5 9.513 6 420.4 220 633.05 544.11 Economizer LT 229.7 130 t ³/h 637.5 310 Economizer HT 1.281 0.995 8.155 1.5 8.155 2 HT Thermal oil loop 1.1000 320.04 241.24 229.7 130 2.634 1 2.634 1.5 9.513 0.13 105.75 103.78 443.2 230 229.6 130 Air Cooled 2.66 mass[kg/s] p[bar] 0 0.995 h[kj/kg] t[ C] -0.2025 2014.8 1551.3 1.281 0.995 193.78 175.14 1.281 0.995 193.78 175.14 2.5 6.3-91.103 88.012 9.513 0.13-92.243 87.609 Exhaust gas Bypass 1.281 0.995 Mass_total[kg/h] nvolflow[nm3/h] p[bar] t[ C] 1.281 0.995 SILO 750 1.025 Lambda 1.875 25 0.4021 2092.1 1.025 49 850 2127.2 1.015 2040.5 1.005 1857 765.7 2573.9 1.16 AM B 2573.9 1.16 1112 36.75 1997 29.63 3639 1594 4614.4 0.995 3639 1551 4614.4 0.995 PG PAPP GAS 3639 175.1 4664.4 0.995 4660.9 1.006 3701 149.4 3701 151 GAS 1997 100 50 0.995 86.673 594.56 1997 10 4614.4 0.995 Cyclone 1808 850 AM B 2573.9 1.006 1857 594.6 A 1433.3 1.22 1112 100 35.07 1.025 F 1433.3 1.21 1112 10 ORC Heat Input Supplementary cooler Gas coolers 1433.3 1.006 2014.8 1551.3 Combustion Chamber Gasifier 193.78 175.14 PG PAPP Mass_total[kg/h] nvolflow[nm3/h] p[bar] t[ C] Stabilat 64.9525 Gas/Air ratio 0.05015 25 3.5284 147.93 0.9296 151.625 850 711.42 155.154 WAT 699.75 ASH SILO AM B
10.41 % 71.91% 0.68 % Steam engine 14.5 % 8% Exhaust gas losses 83 % 64.5 % 0.8 % Steam generartor ORC System Stabilat gasifier Combustor 79.8 % 70.1 % 91 % 100 % Thermal Oil boiler 11.2 % 22.9 % 1.71 % 0.85 % 2% Stabilat gasifier Combustor 7% 70.1 % 91 % 100 % 22.9 % 1.71 % 0.85 % 2% 7%
Emitted (tn CO2/tnMSW) 0,4 chemical agents 0,35 construction of MBT plant construction of plant MBT_(electricity +LARA) glas_rec tnco2/tnmsw 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 NE_Rec 0,05 FE_Rec 0 SRF MSW Emitted emissions for two cases a)srf: Stabilat ase M W: dire t i i eratio ase
Avoided + Savings (tn CO2/tn MSW ) construction of plant 0,1 MBT_(electricity+L ARA) 0 SRF MSW tnco2/tnmsw -0,1-0,2 glas_rec NE_Rec -0,3 FE_Rec -0,4 Electricity production -0,5-0,6 Avoided and saving emissions for two cases a)srf: Stabilat case b) MSW: direct incineration case