35 3 2015 6 BuletinofSoiland WaterConservation Vol.35,No.3 Jun.,2015 1980s - - 1,2, 1, 3 1,4,, 5, 1 1, (1.,,, 100875;2., 550001;3., 450003;4., 637009;5., 450004) :[ ], [ ] 1985 2010 115,, 30 [ ](1) 1980s,1990s,2000s ;2000s, 1980s 50% 23% (2)1980s 1990s 0.13,4.21;1980s 2000s 1.73,6.19 (3) -0.6623, -0.9114,-0.8010-0.8214, -0.8877,-0.9985,-0.9629-0.9717 [ ]1980s,, 2000 ; ; : ; ; :A :1000-288X(2015)03-0023-07 DOI:10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2015.03.012 VariationsofRainfal,RunoffandSedimentYieldin GushanchuanRiverBasinSince1980s :S157.1 LUO Ya 1,2,YANGShengtian 1,LIU Xiaoyan 3,ZHOU Xu 1,4,JINShuangyan 5,ZHANG Yichi 1,CHEN Ke 1 (1.Schoolof Geography,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of RemoteSensing Science,Beijing Key Laboratory for RemoteSensingof Environmentand DigitalCities,Beijing100875,China;2.Schoolof Geographicand EnvironmentalSciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou550001,China; 3.Yelow River Conservancy Commision,Zhengzhou,He nan450003,china;4.schoolof Land and Resource,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan637009,China;5.Hydrology Bureau,YRCC,Zhengzhou,He nan450004,china) Abstract:[Objective]Toresearchtherainfal runof sedimentchangeinthetributaryoftheyelowriver forrevealingthecausesofyelow River swaterandsedimentvariation.[methods]basedonthedataof115 rainfaleventsduring1985 2010inGushanchuanriverbasin,thetemporalvariationsofrainfal runof sedimentrelationships wasanalyzed by usingtherunofcoeficient,sedimentcoeficientand elasticity coeficient.[results](1)theshort-duration,low-intensityandlong-duration,moderate-intensityrainfal eventsweretheprimarytypesin1990sand2000scomparedto1980s,respectively.specialy,thecapacities ofrainfalproducingrunofandsedimentreducedobviouslyin2000s,therunofcoeficientandsediment coeficientin2000swereaccountingforabout50% and23% ofthatin1980s.(2)therainfal runofelas- ticitycoeficientandrainfal sedimentelasticitycoeficientwere0.13and4.21duringtheperiodfrom1980s to1990s,andwere1.73and6.19duringtheperiodfrom1980sto2000s,respectively.(3)thecorrelation betweenrunofcoeficientandtheproportionofforestandgrass,vegetationcoverage,proportionofterrace, :2015-01-05 :2015-01-20 : (2012BAB02B05-05); (201101037); : (1979 ), ( ),, E-mail:luoya2002@163.com : (1965 ), ( ),,, E-mail:yangshengtian@bnu.edu.cn
24 35 proportionofkeydamcontrolingareawas-0.6623,-0.9114,-0.8010,-0.8214,respectively,mean- while,thecorrelationbetweensedimentcoeficientandtheproportionofforestandgrass,vegetationcover- age,proportionofterrace,proportionofkeydamcontrolingareawas -0.8877,-0.9985,-0.9629, -0.9717,respectively.[Conclusion]Therainfal runof sedimentrelationshiphasbeenchangedsignifi- cantlysince1980s,especialyaftertheyear2000,theinfluenceofrainfalintensityoncapacityofrainfal producingsedimentismoresensitivethanthatoncapacityofrainfalproducingrunof,andthevegetation coveragevariationisthemajorfactorwhichafectsthecapacitiesofrainfalproducingrunofandsedimentin Gushanchuanriverbasin. Keywords:rainfal-runoff-sedimentrelationships;rainfalevents;Gushanchuanriverbasin 1985 2010,, : 1970s, ( [1-2] ), 1950 1969,20 70 80 90 (1990 1996 ), 1980s,1990s 2000s 3 (1997 2006 ), 1.935 10 9,3.615 10 9,1.515 10 9,4.360 10 9 m 3 ; 2.40 10 8,6.23 10 8, 4.77 10 8,7.77 10 8 t [3] 1,,, 110 31 111 04, 39 0 39 27, 5.58km/km 2[16] 1263km 2 ( [4-5] ), 796 m~1402 m 410 [6-7], mm, 75% 99% ( ) [17] 90%,, 1970s :1970 1979, 9.794 10 7 m 3, 2.969 10 7 t;1980 1989, 5.515 10 7 m 3, 1.279 10 7 t;1990 1999,, : 5.234 10 7 m 3, 1.130 10 7 t;2000, 2010, 1.771 10 7 m 3, 2.01 [8-11] ; 10 6 t ( ),, [12-15],, 2, ; 2.1 ( ), ( ),,,,,, 1,, 2.1.1 (1) ; (2), :
3 : 1980s 25 R 5mini,j = Rx 1,x 2 x 2,x 1 5 (1) :R 5mini,j 5min ;, R x1 -x 2 (mm);x 1,, x 2 (min) 12 R i= R 5mini,j (2) 2.3.1 j=1 :R i i (mm) 2.1.2 (3),, (4), 2, : R ti =R t1 + ti-t1 (R tn -R t1 ) (3) t n-t 1 (h) :R ti t i (m 3 /s) (mm/h) (kg/m 3 );t 1,t n [18] ;R t1,r tn t 1,t n 2 [19] 14, 2, R 2 0.986, 10 R i= R 6mini,j /10 (4) 2 ( 2) j=1 :R i i (m 3 /s);, R 6mini,j i, j 6 min (m 3 /s) 2.2 - ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) (1), (2) 2 27h 2.3 - -, 1990 9 4 ( 1): 9 4 2.3.2 06:00, 9 5 09:00,, (mm) (mm), % : 1 1990 9 4 5 - R Ci= TRi P i 100% (5) :R Ci i (%);T Ri i (mm);p i i (mm) R Ci, 2.3.3 [20],,, (6) :
26 35 S Ci= sedi A P i (6) :S Ci i t/(km 2 mm) ; sed i i ( 1, / (t);a (km );, 1985 6 1986 4 2.4 1985 2010, 14 1989 1990 1991 3 5 4 1992 6, 1993 6 1994 10 ( ) 115 1990s 1995 6 1980s 1996 4, 1980s 1997 4 (1985 1989),1990s(1990 1999),2000s(2000 1998 6 2010) 3 ( 1),1980s 5 22,1990s 10 54,2000s 11 39 1999 2000 2001 3 5 4 3,1990s, 2000s - - 1980s 1987 2 1988 7 2002 6 2003 3 3.1 2004 2, 2000s 2005 2, 2006 4, 2007 5 ( 3), 3,1980s,1990s,2000s 23,21,25h, 2008 2009 2010 2 2 4 1.26,1.04,1.1mm/h, 1980s 26a 115 3 ( ) 3.2 -, (5),,, (
3 : 1980s 27 4), 1980s 4,1980s,1990s,2000s : 19.34%,18.89%, 9.24%, 1980s,1990s, 2000s b= dk /K dx/x, 1980s (%) ;X (mm/h) 50% b, ( ) (7) :b ( );K 6 1980s ( ),,1980s 1990s 0.13 4.21,1980s 2000s 1.73 6.19,1980s, 4-3.3 -, (6),,, ( 5), 6 1980s - ( ) 5 - ( 3 4), 5,1980s,1990s,2000s 78.43,54.37,18.19, 1980s,1990s,2000s 3.5 1980s,, 1980, 1998,2010, 1980s,1990s 2000s ( 2), 2,1980s,,, 2000s,,,1990s,, 1980s 23.19% 2000s 1980s 2.27 3.83 3.4 - ( ) 3,,, -0.6623,-0.9114,-0.8010-0.8214 [8], 4 [21], 1990s,2000s 1980s, -0.8877,-0.9985,-0.9629-0.9717
28 35, 2 %, 1 1 1980s 66.35 13.58 2.16 22.33 1990s 67.99 30.77 2.60 23.92, 2000s 68.33 51.95 2.85 24.95 :1 3 1.0000-0.6623-0.9114-0.8010-0.8214 1.0000 0.9120 0.9790 0.9713 1.0000 0.9764 0.9833 1.0000 0.9994 1.0000 : α=0.05 4 1.0000-0.8877-0.9985-0.9629-0.9717 1.0000 0.9120 0.9790 0.9713 1.0000 0.9764 0.9833 1.0000 0.9994 1.0000 : α=0.05 4 (1)1980s, 1980s,1990s,,, 2000s ;2000s -0.6623,-0.9114,-0.8010-0.8214,, 1980s 50%,23% -0.887 7, (2) 1980s 1990s,1980s 2000s -0.9985,-0.9629-0.9717, ( ), ( ),, 1980s 1990s 1980s 2000s,,,1980s 1990s 0.13 4.21,1980s 2000s, 1.73 6.19, 1980s, : (3),
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