ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣΤΗΡΙΑ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ ΥΨΗΛΟΥ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟΥ Θετικής Κατεύθυνσης Χημεία Γ Λυκείου ΚΑΛΟΓΝΩΜΗΣ ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ e-mail: info@iliaskosgr wwwiliaskosgr
0 2 7 1s 2s ΗΛΙΑΣΚΟΣ ΦΡΟΝΤΙΣΤΗΡΙΑ 2p 3s 14 2 2 6 3 1 - - 2 2 6 2 26 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 26 2 2 6 2 6 4 2 57 1
2 24 24 2 2 6 2 6 5 1 2 2 6 2 6 1 2 2 6 1 2 2 2 6 2 6 5 2 2 1 1 1-8 2-11 15 12 1 11 17
2 1 2 >> 1 12 11 27 2 2 6 2 6 2 5 2 2 6 3 1 47 Ag, 35 Br, 37 Rb,, 56 1 2 3 4 2 2 7 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 4, K 2 3 2 2 2 3, 2 3 2 2 5 2 2 3 2, 5, AL 2 3 1 7 8 C, S, Mg, F, 6 17 11 15 12 14 13 11 21 53 2 Ar, Kr 18 36 3
2 2 6 2 6 1 2 2 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 2 2 6 2 6 2 23 V, 35 Br, 36 Kr, 54 1 1 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 2 6 2 6 2 2 2 6 2 6 5 2 2 2 6 2 5 1 2 2 3 1 2 5 2 4
2 2 2 6 2 2 6 3 2 2 6 2 6 2 2 6 2 6 5
16 S 2-1 - 1 1 3-2 6 17 13 15 6
13 15 3-2 3, 3 4 3, 2 1 7 8 6 C, 17 4 12 26 13 8 16 S, 2 1 1 2 3-7
1 2 2 6 3 2 3 2 17 3 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2-1 8
Mg + + - - 2 2 6 2 6 1 3 2 1 2 7 2 2 6 2 4 3 14 2 2 2 4 17-5 16 S
56 2 8 34 56 1 11 17 11 12 Mg 3 4
3 2 4 4 1 o 2 o - 3 o 3 ] -6-1 1 1-14 1 2-3 3-1 3-2 - -2 M 1 V 1 2 V 2-1 -2 V 2 V 2 2 2 -V 1 1
2 3-8 -14 3-8 2 3-3 -8-3 - -14-8 -14-8 3 1 2 3-14 V 1 1 3 ] 1-1 1-1 V 2 2 3 ] 2-3 2-3 1 2 3 3 ] 3-2 3-2 c 1 V 1 2 V 2 3 1-1 V 1-3 V 2-2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 - - - 2
1 o 2 o 3 o - ] -6 1 1 1 1-14 1 - -2-2 - -2 - -1-1 1 V 1 2 V 2-2 -1 V 2 V 2 2 V 1 - V 2 - -1-1 -2 2 1 2 1 2 3 - -14 1 1-1 2 2-3 1 V 1 2 V 2 3 1 2-1 V 1-3 V 2 3 1 2 3
-1 V 1-3 -1 V 1 3 11V 1 3 3-2 - -2 3-1 o 2 o 3 o - 4 o 5 o - 1 1-14 2 - - - -1 4
2 3-14 2-2 - 3 3 3 2 - - -2 K - -2-2 - -2 5
3 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2-3 3 1 3-1 -1-1 V 1 2 - -2-2 -2 V 2-2 V 1 2-1 V 1-2 V 1-2 V 1-2 V 1-2 V 1-2 V 1 - -2 V 1-2 V 1 1 1-2 V 1 1-3 M 2-3 -3-3 3-3 4 2 4 3 1 o 2 o 3 o 4 o 3 ] 6
1 3 3 3-5 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 2 3-3 - - - -5 2-3 3-3 -3-1 -2 3-4 3 3 2 3-3 c - - -4-5 -8-3 1 V 1 2 V 2-3 V 2 2-2 -3 V 2 V 2 - V 1 7
8 3 3-2,5 3 3 2 3-3 c - - -2,5-5 -5 3 3 3 3-2 c 1 V 1 2 V 2 12 V 1 22 V 2 1 12 2 22 1 12 1 12 2 10 1 5 3 2 - - 1 o 2 o 3 o 4 o b - ] 2 3, 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3
, K b 3-5 3 3 2 4 - - - -5 2-3 - -3-3 -1-2 - -4 3 3 2 4 - c - - -4-5 -8-3 1 V 1 2 V 2-3 V 2 2 3 - -2,5 3 3 2 4 - c - - -2,5-5 -5 6 -
- 1 o 2 o - 3 o 4 o 5 o 6 o 3 ] - 1 3 3-5, 2 1 3-2 2 3 2
1 V 1 2 V 2 2 3 3-3 - 2 3-3 3-3 - -14-5 2-5 - -5-5 -1-4 - -5,5 3 3 3 - c 3-2 3 - c -5,5 3 - -11-2 1 V 1 2 V 2-2 V 2 2 2 V 2 - V 1 3 - -4,5 3 3 3 - c 3-2 3 - c -4,5 3-3 3 3 3 3 11
2 1 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 3-3 -5 2 4 4 4 4 4 - c 4 2 3 3 4 3 2-5 4-5 -1-4 3-4,5 4 4 4-4 2 3 3 c -4,5 4 1 V 1 2 V 2 2 3 1 4 1 2 4 2 3 4 12
3-5 1 1 3 ] 1-5,5 4 1 1 4 4 - c 1 1 4 2 3 3 c 1 c 1 1-5,5 4-14 -5-11 1-2 2 2 3 c 3-1 M c 1 V 1 2 V 2 3 1-2 V 1 2-1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 7 - - 1 o 13
2 o - - 3 o 4 o 5 o 3 - ] - - 3-1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3-5 1 2 3 3 3 3 14
3 3-3 - 2 3-3 -5-5 3-5 -5-1 -4 4 3 3 3 3-3 2 3-3 3-5 -5 3-5 -5-2 -3-4 2 1 3 3-5 1 3 1 4 1 3 2 4 - - - -5 2-3 - -3-3 -1-2 15
4 - -4 4 4 4 - c 3 2 4 - c -4-5 -4-2 4-2 3 16 1 3 1 3-5 2 2-5 1 2 3-3 - 3 3 2 3-3 2-3 3-5 -6-5 -6 2-5 -2,5 3-2,5 4 1 3 3 3-5 -
3 2 3-3 -2 3-5 -2-1 -4-4 -1-3 5 1 3 1 3-5 - 2 2 1 2-3 3 3 3-3 2-3 3 2 3-3 3 3-5 -5-5 -1-4 3 8-17
1 o - 2 o - 3 o - 1 3 1 1 2 2 3-2 2 3 3 3-3, 3-5 3 3 2 - - 3 3 3 3-18
3-2 3-3 - -14-5 2-5 - -5-5 -1-4 3 3-1 3 3-3 - 2 3 - - 1-3 - -14-5 2 1 3 1 1 2 V 2 3 3 3-5 3
3 4-3 4 4 4-3 2 4 - -5-5 - -5 - - 3 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2-5 3 2
3 2 3 3-3 3 2-3 3 3 3 3-3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3-14 -5-1 -8 4 1 3 1 1 2 V 2 3 3-5 3 3 3-3 21
3 3 3-3 2 3-3 -5-5 3-5 3 3 5 1 1-4 1 1 2 2 3-1 2-3 c 2-3 c -4-4 -4-4 -4-4 3-1 -4-1 -5 22
- 2-2 - - - - 2 - -14-5 2-5 - -5 9 1 o 2 o 23
3 o 8 3 3-5 3 4 1 3 4 4 4 4-4 2 3 3-14 -5 2-5 2-3 4-24
- -5 3 1 4 2 4 4 - c 2 c 2 3 2 4 - c 1 1 c 2 2-5 M 5 n 10 Kb 2 1-5 2 0, 2 n 2 V 2 3-5, 3 3 2 1 3-3 3 3 3-3 - 2 3 - -14-5 2-5 - -5 25
3 3-3 3 4 4 3-3 4 4 c al cox 3 c ox cal c al cb - c b cal C - - - 3-5 - 26
1 3 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2-2 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 al c cox 2 1 2 2 1 -V 2 V -V -2V V 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 1-3 2 2 1-3 3 3-5, 1 - -5 1 3 1 3 3 - c 3-2 3 - -5 Kb 3 - -14-5 2 27
3 3 3 3 2 3-3 2-5 2-3 3-3 3 3 3 3 3 al c cox - 1 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 3-5 V 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 M 3 1 2 1 2 M c al 0,3V10, 4 V2 cox 0, 4 V10,9 V2 0,3V10, 4 V2 0, 4 V10,9 V2 0,3V10, 4 V2 0, 4 V10,9 V2 1 2-28
- 1 o 2 o 3 o - - V V B V B 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 1-5 c 3 3 2 3
3 3-3 - 2 3-3 - -14-5 2-5 - -5 2 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 1-3 2-5 3 3 3 3-1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3-14 -5 2-4,5-1 -
3 3 3 3 2 2-3 3 3 2 al c cb 1 1-2 1 2 3 3-4, 2 c 4 ka / c 2 10 2-2 2 - - 2-31
-14-4 2-5,5 1 2 2-3 - 3-3 ] - -4 4-5 4 4-4 2 3 3 4-14 -5 2-5 3-5 2-3 - 3-3 - -4-5 - - 32
1 1 1 1 1 2 2-14 1 2 4 2 4 1 1 2 2-14 2 1 1 1 1 2-14 1 1 1 2-1 -14 1 2 33
3 3 3 4 3 3 5 5-14 1 2 3-14 1 2 3 3 3-14 1-2 3 3 4 3 5-14 1 2 1 2 2 3 1-14 1 2 3-14 1 1 2 2 1 2 34
3 3-14 1 3 12-2 - 3 ] 1 2 1 2 3-14 1 - -13 2 3-12 3 3 3-14 1 2 2-1 -14 2 4 2M -14 2 4 2 4-14 1 1 2 4 2 2 2 4-14 35
2 1-1 2 2 2-14 1 1 2 2-14 1 2 3 3 3 4 3-3 5 5 6 6-14 1 3 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 4 1-14 -5 36
1 3 3 1 1 3-3 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3-1 -14, Kb -5 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3-4 - 3 3-14, Kb -5 1 1 1 2 1-14 C -6 1 2 3 3 3-14 -6 1 3 1 3 1-37
2 2 1 3-3 3-14 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 1-14 -5 Mr 4 1 3 1 3 1 1-14 -5-1 3 1 1-3 1-14 2-5 - 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3-1 -14 38
1 3 2 1 3 2-4 1 2 1 1 3-2 - 1-5 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 2 3 [ a ] [ ] -14 1 3 2 3 2-5 3 2 1 3 3 1 2-1 2 3 3 2-3 3 3 2 3 3 log [ CH NH CL] [ CH ] 3NH2-14 -
1-5 1 1 1 1-14 - -4 2 1 2 3 3 3-14 - 1-5 2 3 3-5 3 3-14 - 1 3 3-5 3-14 - 1-5 -5-14 - 3 1 3-5 2 3 1 3 3 4 2-1 2 5 5 3 5-14 -
1 3 2 3 2-4 2 2 3 2 2-14 - 1 3 3-5 1 3 3-14 - 1 4-5 1-4 1-14 - 1 3 3-4 2-4 - 3 3-14 - 1-6 2-6 3-3 3-14 - 1 3 3-5 2 3 2 3 2-5 3-3 -14-1 3 3-5 3 1 3 1 41
1-2 2 3 2 1 3 3-5 1 2 2 1-14 - 1 3 4 3-5 1 2 2 1-14 - - - ] -14 - - -5 - -13-3 3 1 1 2 3 2 4 42
3 3-14 - 1 3 4 1 3-1 2-14 3-5 -6 - -6 3 2,5-3 1 1-14 -6-6 - 1-5 -6-1 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4-14 - 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 43
-14-3 - -3-1 3 1 1 3-5 -14 1 4 3-5 1 1 3-14 - 1 3 2 3 3 3-4 - 4 3 3 5 5 3-6 - 6 3 7 3-5, - 44
1 3 2 3 3 4 3-4 4 3-5 - 5 3-6 - 6 3 7 3-5 -14 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 3-5, -14-1 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 4-4 -14-1 1 45
2-2 1-3 -14-1 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 3 3-5 -14 3 1 3 1-3 3 1-4 4 1-14 - 3-3 3 46
- 3 3 3 3-5, -14-1 2 1 3 8-2 1 2 1 1-14 - 3 2 1 2 1 2-8 3 ] 3 2 2 1 1 2 2-3 1 2 3 1-14 - 1 1-4 1 47
1 2 2 2 3-14 - 1 3 3-2 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 3-14 - 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 3-14 - 1 1 1-2 2 1 48
3 3-14 -5-1 4 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 4 4 3-5 -14 1 1 2 2 1-1 - 3 3 3 3 4 4-5 -14 1 2 3 1 2 1 4-14 -5
1 2 2 1 2 2 3 3-14 - - 3-5 -14 1 1 1 1 2-2 -6-6 -14 - -6-14 1-1 2 3 ] 1 2-2 3 3 ] 3-14 -
1 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 2-14 - 1-6 -3 B -5 1 2 2-14 - 1 2 1 2 3 3 4 4-14 - 1 3 3-5 1 1 2 3 1-4 4-14 - 1 3 1 3 1-2 10-3 3 2 3 51
4 4-5 5-14 - 1 3 1 3-5 1 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 3-5 1-3 3 3 3 3 3 2-5 1 5 5-14 1 3 3 3 2 1-2 2 3 3-14 - 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 2-3 3 3 2 3-6 -14 1 3 3 1-52
2 2 2-3 3 3-14 -5 1 1-2 2 2 1-3 -14-1 3 3 3-5 -14 1 1-2 1 1 2 c 1 2-5 -14 1 1 2-2 1 2 1 2-3 -5-14 4 1 3 2 53
3-5 -14 1 2-5 -14 4 3-3 -5-14 1 2 1 2 1 2-4 -14 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 1 2 3 4-3 2 3 3 1 1-2 2-14 1 2 1 2 2 1 3-5 -14 54
1 3 4 1 2 1 2 3-5 -14-1 1 2 1-4 -14 3 1 4 2-1 1-2 - 2 3-5 -14 1 3 3 1 2 2 3-5 -14 1 3 4 3-1 1 2 2 2 1, 3 2 1 3 3 3-5 -14 3 55
- - 3 2 1 2 1-5 2 - -6 3 4 4 3-5 3-6 -14 3 3 1 1 3-5 -14-3 3 3 1 56
1-14 -5-3 4 3-6 -14 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 3-3 3-7 3 1 3-4 4 3-5 -14 57
- 3- Bronsted Lowry 3 - Ostwald - - - 3 58
Henderson Hasselbalch [ ] [ ] a [ 3 ] 3 3 3 3-4 3 3-3 ]> - 3 ]< - ] 3 ] - -14 3 4 4 2- - 3 2 -, F - - 2-3 - ]< -6
3 3 -, 3 3 3 - - - - - 3 [ ] [ ] log [ A ] ph pka [ HA ] - [ B] [ HB ] log [ HB ] poh pkb [ B ] 35 - - 3 -
1 V 1 2 V 2 - - 3 - - 1 V 1 2 V 2 3 1 2 - V1 Ostwald 2 a V 2 2 a - V1 V2 V1 V2 2 2 2 a1 a2 a3 7 3 3-1 2 61
3 3-3 3-3 ] - -14 - - - 62
2-2 3 3-3, 2 -,S 2- HCL CH COO CH COOH CL 3 3 3 3 - - - - 2-4 4 4-4 2 3 3 4 3 63
Bronsted Lowry Arenius Bronsted Lowry - - - 3 3 4-6 - 64
3 3-15 -13 Ka a, a c Ostwald - - - - Kb c - - 3, 3 3 3 -, - 65
66 3 4 LeChatelier 3 3 2 4 - ; - - - - 3 3-3 3-2 3 2 2 2 2 - - 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2
3-2 F - 2-2 3 2-2 S 2-2 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 4 2 2 2 - - - 3, 3 3-67
3-3 - 3-3- 3 3 ] - -14-8 3 ] 3 Ka c - Kb c - - - 3 ] V 3 ] V - 68
3-3 < - 3 - a a a [ ] 3 24 3 ] 3 ] 3 3-4 3 < 3 2 3-3 2-2 - 2 2-2- 4-2- - 3 4 3-3 2-2- 2-4- 3 3-4 2-2- 4-4 3-3 -
3-3 2 3 3 ] - 2 3 3 2 - - - - - <7 3 3 3-4 3-4 -14 3 3 3 3-3 -7-3 -
3 - > 3-3 3 - -12 3-3 3 3 2 1-3 2 2-2 < 1 3 2 2 < 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 4 3 - - 3 4 4 3-3 - 3 3 71
3 4 3 3-1 3 2 3 3-2 3 2 1 3 2 3 3 1-3 2-3 3 3 3-3 4 3-4 4 3 3 72
3 3-3 4-3 - 3 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 3 3 3 a [ ] - 4 3-2 4- - 2 3 3-4 2- - 3-3 ] - - -3 < 3 4 3 73
> 3 ]> - > 3 ]= - ] 3 3 3 <7 > -13 3 3 4 Br 3-3 - ] 3 3 - ] 3 < > 4 3 < 4-3 > 4 < - 74
3 3 - - 3 3 3 4 Br 3 3 3 3-2 -2-2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3-6 1 3 1 1 1-6 75
2-3 4 3 2-2- 2 3 2 2 2-4 2 4-3 4 3-4 3 3 3-2- 2 3 4 4 2- - 2 3 3-3 - 2 2- - 4 2-2 3 4 3 2 2 3 3-2 3 4 3-3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 76
- 4 3 - -14-13 -15 1 1 2 1 > 2 2-1 1 2-3 ] 3 3-3 - - -8-14 - < >7-6 - - 77
78
( ) = = = ( )= ( )= = ( ) + +
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( ) ( ) = = ( ) ( )= = = ( )= = = = = = = =
( )= = = = ( )= = = = ( )= = =
= 0,5 L 0,5 L NaOH 0,1M ( )= = = = ( )= = = ( )= = = =
( )= = = = ( )= = = ( )= = = = ( )= = =
( )= = = = ( )= = = > > ( )= ( )= = =
( )= = = = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )= ( )= ( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( )= = =
ph 0, 2 L NH4Cl ( )= = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = ( ) ( ) = = = =
= ( )= = = = = = ( )=
= = = = ( )= = = = = = ( ) = =
( )= ( )= = = = = = = + + = ( )= = = =
= = = = = = = ( )= = = = ( )= =
( )= = ( )= = = ( )= = + ( )= = + ( )= ( )= ( )=
( )= = ( )= ( )= = = ( )= = ( )= = = ( )= = 111
( )= = = ( )= = = ( )= = 5 = NH 3 K b = 10 NaOH = 112
= = = = = = = = = = = + = ( )= 113
= = ( )= = = = = = = = = = = = ( ) = = = = = 114
= = ( ) = = = ( ) = = = ( ) = = = ( ) = + ( = ) 115
( )= = ( ) = = = = = ( ) = + + = + = ( )= = ( ) = = = = = ( ) = = ( ) 116
+ = = ( ) = ( )= = = ( ) = = = = ( ) + ph 5 HA K a = 10 = ( ) + 117
= = = = ( ) = = = = ( ) = + + = = = = = = ( ) 118
+ = = = ( ) = = = ( ) ++ + = = = = = = ( )
= = ( ) + + + = = = = = ( ) + + = = = ( ) = = +
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = + = = = ( ) 121
+ + = + = = ( ) = = = ( ) = = = ( ) = = = ( ) 122