A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA

55 6 2000 11 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 55, N o. 6 N ov., 2000 : 037525444 (2000) 0620744207, (, 510070) :, 6 87, 3 ( ), 1485 1897, 3 1485 1527 1606 1767 1835 1897, 2 3 016, - 1 : ; ; : P53416; P467 : A g, 16 19, 400 a, 20 1, 1550 1850,, 1450 1890 [1 ], 6 ( 1), 1, 12 13 2 13, 2, 1 [2 ] 13 1 1245,,,, 735 50 a BP (1216, 14 C 1951 ) ( ), 880 150 a BP (1221 ), 720 120 a BP (1231 ) 840 160 a BP (1271 ), [3 ], 1189 1195 1208 [4 ], 14 15, 2 1415 1417, 200 a,, : 2000207211; : 2000210221 : (49771010) [ Foundation Item: N ational N atural Science Foundation of China, N o. 49771010 ] : (19642 ),,, E2m ail: zw q@gdsti2b21gis1sti1gd1cn

6 : 745 (1403 1425 ) [4 ], 1455,, 1524 1559,, 2 [5 ] 1385 [6 ], ( 1485 ), ( 1488 ), ( 1), 1485 1897, 1895 20, 3 (1906 1913 1915 ), 2 1911, 87 ( 1), 3 ( 1) ( ) ; ; 1 Ξ Tab11 The years and location s occurr ing disasters of snowfall, frost and freeze in the trop ical zone of Ch ina 1415 1634 1740 1862 1417 1636 1757 1863 1480 1654 1758 1864 1485 1655 1767 1868 1488 1656 1781 1870 1506 1666 1787 1871 1509 1667 1788 1872 1510 1682 1815 1877 1522 1683 1831 1878 1527 1684 1832 1881 1532 1685 1833 1882 1537 1690 1834 1885 1547 1703 1835 1887 1549 1711 1836 1891 1560 1712 1846 1892 1569 1713 1847 1893 1578 1720 1848 1895 1584 1721 1852 1897 1602 1725 1853 1906 1606 1729 1856 1913 1619 1735 1858 1915 1621 1737 1859 Ξ, ( ), 1986, [ 6, 8, 9 ]

746 55 1 F ig11 D ivision of the L ittle Ice A ge and som e relative events in the trop ical zone of Ch ina

6 : 747 1485 1527 1606 1767 1835 1897 g g g, (, ) 1527 ( ) ; 1606 ( ), ; 1767 ( ) ; 1835 ( ) ( ) g, 3 a 1 ; g g 6 a 1 ; g g 8 a 10 a 1,, 30 a 20 30 a (1920 1940 ) 016 [1 ] 515 103, ( ), 1559 1725, g ; 1848, g [5 ],, 1600 [3 ] 3 311-1 ( 25 ), 200 400 km, g g 50 150 km, 1, 015 ; g 3, 2, g g 16 15,,, 2 3, 110 115, 0, 5, - 1, g g 6,, 11, g g 5 7, 5 g 10, 7 g 17, 11 g, 5 g g, g 312 8 21 10, 1,,,, 1464,,, 25,,,,,,

748 55 (1368 1464 ) 71, 017 ; 216, (1464 1644 ) 478, 24, 189 [10 ] 1520 1620 1891, 313, 1606, 1683 1892 1616, 1864, 1823,, 1662, ( 1904, 1905, 1906 ), 17 N, 22 N ( ) 26 N ( ),, - 1, 314,,,,, (1385 ), (1837 ) 40, [6 ], 1498, 12, 18, 18,,, [6 ] [5 ], 515 a BP (1486 ), 48%,, [11 ],, 520 a BP (1481 ), 470 a BP (1531 ),, 385 a BP (1616 ), 237 a BP (1764 ),, 510 500 a BP (1490 ), 150 a BP (1851 ) [3 ] 315,, 1713 1892 1595,, ; 1618, 1848 1874, 10, 88,, ( ) 1 3, 2 1, 1 2, 1 118, 1 115,,, [12 ] (1601 1644 ), g,, 1 7 000 g g,, 60 a (1736 1796 ),

6 : 749 1 4,, 418, 22,,,, 5,, 1681 ( ) 20 552 464 3 ( ), 1391 45 325, 1472 23 428, 1672 4 223 [6 ],, ( 80 a) ( 170 a), g 161 a, g 62 a,,, 1 2 1 1500 1902 32 [13 ], 1470 1988, 76% [14 ], 20 25 (1900 1912 1932 1935 1955 1958 1967 1974 1982 1985 1998 1999 ) 1958 1974, 19 g 62 a, 20, 5 ( ) 80 (10 ) 50 0101 0116 (References) : [1 ] W ang Shaow u. C lim atic changes of L ittle Ice A ge in Ch ina[j ]. Q uaternary S ciences, 1988 (1): 54262. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1998 (1): 54262. ] [2 ] Zhang D eeṙ A p relim inary inference fo r clim ate in M edievalw arm Period in Ch ina [J ]. Q uaternary S ciences, 1993 (1): 7214. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1993 (1): 7214. ] [ 3 ] H uang Zhenguo, Zhang W eiqiang, L iu H uip ing et al. Comparison of Ho locene Environm ent Evo lution betw een Ch ina and Japan [M ]. Beijing: O cean P ress, 1999., 1999. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [M ]. : [ 4 ] L i P ingri, T an H uizhong, Hou D ip ing. Changes of clim ate and environm ent during the last 2, 000 years along the coastal region of South Ch ina[j ]. Q uaternary S cience, 1997 (1): 86292. [J ]., 1997 (1): 86292. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. 2 000 [ 5 ] L iu Gongde. A nalysis of changes of A ugust tem tereture during the last 2 000 years in Kunm ing region [A ]. In: P roceeding of the Conference of C lim atic Changes in Ch ina[c ]. Beijing: Science P ress, 1981. 78280. ( In Ch inese) [. [A ]. : [C ]. :, 1981. 78280. ] [6 ] W en H uanran. Changes of fo rest in south part of Guangdong and Guangxi and H ainan island[j ]. J ou rnal of H enan U niversity (N aṫ Sci. ), 1992, 22 (1): 992105. 992105. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]. ( ), 1992, 22 (1): [ 7 ] Chen Yuqiong. Co ldgw arm change in w inter and its impact on rubber p lantation during the last 500 years in South Ch ina[j ]. T rop ical Geog rap hy, 1985, 5 (3): 1312140. [J ]., 1985, 5 (3): 1312140. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [8 ] L I P ingri, Zeng Zhaoxuan. Changes of clim ate and environm ent during the last 500 years in Zhujiang D elta [J ]. Q uaternary S cience, 1998 (1): 65270. ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1998 (1): 65270. ] [9 ] Chen T egu. Co ldgw arm changes in w inter during the last 500 years along the no rthern coast of the South Ch ina Sea [J ]. N anhai H aiy ang K ej i, 1984 (4): 15221. 15221. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1984 (4): [10 ] W ang Shuanghuan. N atural disaster and its characters in space and tim e during the M ing D ynasty in South Ch ina[j ]. Geog rap h ical

750 55 R esearch, 1999, 18 (2): 1522159. 159. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1999, 18 (2): 1522 [ 11 ] Zhang Yulan, W ang Kaifa, Zhang W eidong et al. T he evo lution of m angrove since the m iddle Ho locene in the no rth2east part of H ainan island[j ]. M arine S cience B u lletin, 1999, 18 (2): 52256. [J ]., 1999, 18 (2): 52256. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [ 12 ] W ang Zheng, Zhang P iyuan, Zhou Q ingbo. T he impacts of clim ate on the socity of Ch ina during h isto rical tim es [J ]. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1996, 51 (4): 3292339., 1996, 51 (4): 3292339. ] ( In Ch inese) [.,. [J ]. [13 ] Zhang X iangong, Zhang Fuguo. T he relationsh ip betw een large vo lcanic erup tions and the drynessgw etness and co ldgw arm In Ch ina [J ]. A cta M eteorolog ica S inica, 1985, 43 (2): 1962207. ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1985, 43 (2): 1962207. ] [14 ] H uang Zengm ing, L iang J ianyin, L iu Zhongjin. Characteristics of variation in South Ch ina clim ate fo r the past 500 years [J ]. J ou rnal of T rop icalm eteorology, 1990, 6 (4): 3322339., 1990, 6 (4): 3322339. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]. The L ittle Ice Age and Its Env ironm en tal Effects in the Trop ical Zone of Ch ina ZHAN G W ei2qiang, HUAN G Zhen2guo (Guang z hou Institu te of Geog rap hy, Guang z hou 510070, Ch ina) Abstract: A cco rding to the h isto rical data, clim ate w as p robab les w arm du ring the M edieval Period, the Yuan D ynasty and fo rm er part of the M ing D ynasty in Ch ina s trop ical zone. Based on the h isto rical reco rds abou t co ld w in ter w ith snow fall, fro st o r freeze occu rring in the t rop ica l zone from 1245 to 1915, it ha s been found ou t tha t the L ittle Ice A ge began in 1485 and ended in 1897. T he reco rds abou t h isto rical w eather are divided in to th ree group s acco rding to the location s of co ld w in ter occu rring in the sub trop ical, no rthern trop ical and cen tral trop ical. Excep t the first w h ich is no t located at trop ical, the second and the th ird k inds are called coo l year and co ld year, respectivily. A s a resu lt, it has been found ou t that there w ere th ree co ld periods, i. e. the first (g, 148521527), the second (g, 160621767) and the th ird (g, 183521897) w h ile tw o coo l periods in tercalated in the co ld ones. T he dating of the co ld periods w as later than that of no rth Ch ina. T he frequency of co ld w in ter go t h igher and h igher from period g to period g, bu t the amp litude of drop in annual m ean temperatu re w as < 016 than p resen t all of the th ree periodṡ How ever the m ax im um of low temperatu re reached - 110 resu lting in the removal of the sou th lim it of snow fall sou thw ard by 2 3 latitudes o r 110 115 of drop in temperatu re. Som e na tu ra l d isa sters includ ing flood, d rough t, typ hoon and ea rthquke w ere frequen t in the L ittle Ice A ge especially the drough t disasters w h ich show s a desiccation trend of clim atic change. T he impacts of clim ate in the L ittle Ice A ge on the poo r agricu ltu ral harvest, eco logical degeneration, m igration of population, fam ine and society tu rbu lence are also discu ssed in th is papeṙ Key words: L ittle Ice A ge; T rop ical zone; Ch ina