Rapid Determination of Seven Fungicides in Citrus Fruits

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1 228 Vol. 56, No * Rapid Determination of Seven Fungicides in Citrus Fruits Naoki Yoshioka*, Sachiko Hayashi and Tadaaki Inada Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Consumer Sciences: Arata-cho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe , Japan; * Corresponding author A rapid and simple determination method of seven fungicides, thiabendazole TBZ, pyrimethanil PYR, o-phenylphenol OPP, fludioxonil FLD, azoxystrobin AZX, imazalil IMZ and diphenyl DP in citrus fruits by LC-MS and HPLC-FL was developed. The seven fungicides were extracted with acetonitrile from citrus fruits and cleaned up with Z-Sep/C18 cartridges. The LC separation was performed on a phenyl-hexyl column with methanol acetonitrile 10 mmol/l ammonium formate 10 : 35 : 55 as a mobile phase. The recoveries from citrus fruits fortified with the compounds at the MRLs and at 0.1 μg/g ranged from 85.4 to and from 75.8 to 99.7, respectively. The quantitation limits S/N 10 were μg/g. Received May 29, 2015 Key words citrus fruit; fungicide; - LC- MS; HPLC-FL Fig. 1 1 HPLC-UV HPLC-FL 4 APPI -LC- MS LC-MS HPLC-FL * Naoki_Yoshioka@pref.hyogo.lg.jp OPP AZX IMZ DP Fig 1 Chemical structures of the fungicides

2 October TBZ PYRFLD DP 2,000 μg/ml 500 μg/ml 50 μg/ml μg/ml 1 : 10.5 μg/ml Z-Sep/C18 Z-Sep: 20 mg, C18: 50 mg/ 2 ml Z-Sep 75 mg/2 ml -LH 0.45 μm, PTFE, 4 mm Inertsil Amide 2.1 mm 250 mm, 5 μm Ascentis Express F5 2.1 mm 100 mm, 2.7 μm, Waters XBridge Phenyl 3.0 mm 150 mm, 3.5 μm XBridge C mm 150 mm, 3.5 μm 3 LC-MS Agilent 1200 Series LC 6210 TOF- MSD HPLC LC-10A RF-10A XL MK-K58 IKA T 25 digital ULTRA-TURRAX SR-2W 8700 SCT15B LC-MS Waters XBridge Phenyl 3.0 mm 150 mm, 3.5 μm 10 mmol/l 10 : 35 : ml/min 40 1 μl ESI, 2,000 V 40 psi 13 L/min V Positive V Negative V Positive m/z 40 1, Positive, Negative 4 2 HPLC Waters XBridge Phenyl 4.6 mm 150 mm, 3.5 μm 10 mmol/l 10 : 35 : ml/min μl nm 345 nm nm 478 nm nm 315 nm 5 10 g 50 ml μg/ml 50 μl 5 mol/l 1 ml 10 ml 1 4 g 1 g3 1,600 g ml Z-Sep/C18 1 5,500 g ml 0.4 ml LC-MS TBZ, PYR, FLD, AZX, IMZ HPLC-FL OPP, DP 1 OPP DP LC-MS ESI * 1 OPP DP HPLC-FL LC-MS TBZ C18 3 HILIC PFP pentafluorophenylpropyl, F5 C18 7 Table V 250 V 275 V * p

3 230 Vol. 56, No. 5 Table 1 Optimized MS parameters of the fungicides min min min TBZ PYR FLD AZX IMZ Target Qualifier Target Qualifier Target Qualifier Target Qualifier Target Qualifier Ion mode Positive Positive Negative Positive Positive Fragmentor voltage V Elemental composition C 10 H 8 N 3 S C 9 H 7 N 2 S C 12 H 14 N 3 C 6 H 7 N 2 C 12 H 5 N 2 O 2 F 2 C 11 H 4 N 2 O C 22 H 18 N 3 O 5 C 21 H 14 N 3 O 4 C 14 H 15 N 2 OCl 2 C 7 H 5 Cl 2 Calculated mass Extracted ion range for quantitation Table 2 Effect of ph of the extraction solvents on recoveries of the fungicides fortified at 1 μg/g ph Recovery TBZ PYR OPP FLD AZX IMZ DP ph ph ph n 3 OPP μg/ml DP μg/ml μg/ml r QuEChERS 4 pk a 7 ph 10 g1 μg/g 5 mol/l ph 4 ph 7 ph 11 5 Table 2 ph 4 TBZ73 85 ph ph 3 ph 4 ph 7 ph 11 ph 7 ph 11 ph ph ph 11 5 mol/l 1 ml 3 SCX 3 5 * 2 2Z-Sep/C18 Z-Sep 2 Z-Sep Z-Sep TBZ IMZ Z-Sep/C18 4 TBZ * p

4 October LC-MS ESI HPLC 2-2- IMZ DP DP 5 TBZ, PYR, OPP, FLD, AZX 10 μg/g IMZ 5 μg/g DP 70 μg/g 5Table μg/g Table 4 Fig. 2 LC-MSFig. 3 HPLC-FL , , RSD , , μg/g , , RSD , , S/N 10 FLD 0.03 μg/g PYR 0.04 μg/g, TBZ, AZX, IMZ 0.05 μg/g, OPP 0.06 μg/g DP 0.07 μg/g 7 TBZ, PYR, FLD, AZX IMZ LC-MS OPP DP HPLC-FL IMZ: 5 μg/g, DP: 70 μg/g 10 μg/g μg/g μg/g Table 3 Recoveries of the fungicides from citrus fruits fortified at the MRLs Lemon Orange Grapefruit Fortification level μg/g Recovery RSD Recovery RSD Recovery RSD TBZ PYR OPP FLD AZX IMZ DP n 5 Table 4 Recoveries of the fungicides from citrus fruits fortified at 0.1 μg/g Lemon Orange Grapefruit Fortification level μg/g Recovery RSD Recovery RSD Recovery RSD TBZ PYR OPP FLD AZX IMZ DP n 5

5 232 Vol. 56, No. 5 Fig 2 Typical extracted ion chromatograms obtained from A lemon fortified with 1 TBZ, 2 PYR, 3 FLD, 4 AZX, 5 IMZ at 0.1 μg/g, B blank lemon sample, and C 0.05 μg/ml standard solution by LC-MS Fig 3 Typical chromatograms obtained from A lemon fortified with 1 OPP and 2 DP at 0.1 μg/g, B blank lemon sample, and C 0.05 μg/ml standard solution by HPLC-FL , p Yoshioka, N., Akiyama, Y., Teranishi, K. Rapid simultaneous determination of o-phenylphenol, diphenyl, thiabendazole, imazalil and its major metabolite in citrus fruits by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization. J. Chromatogr. A, 1022, Ozawa, H., Hirokado, M., Shimamura, Y., Kimura, K., Saito, K. A simple and systematic determination of fungicides in citrus fruits, bananas and fruit juice concentrates by solid phase extraction method. Tokyo-Toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Nenpo Annual Report of Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, 52, Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S. J., Stajnbaher, D., Schenck, F. J. Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC Int., 86, Takahashi, K., Horie, M., Hirose, Y. Determination of diphenyl and o-phenylphenol in agricultural products by GC/MS. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn., 49,

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