Air Drying Process of Granules and Characteristics of Their Structure

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1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol 2 No 8 Aug SBR d 79% 8% 6% COD SOUR X70 1 A Air Drying Process of Granules and Characteristics of Their Structure LI Zhi-huaZHANG Yu-rong WANG Xiao-chang Key Laboratory of Northwest Water ResourcesEnvironment and EcologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Environmental and Municipal EngineeringXi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an China Abstract Filamentous granules were cultivated using a sequencing batch reactor The yellowish bacteria dominated granulesblack fungi dominated granules and Microthrix parvicella dominated white smooth granules occurred in the reactor on the day 182 and 27 respectively Distribution of surface related free water and capillary water were analysis using air drying method It was found that the surface related free water in the black and white filamentous granules was 79% and 8% respectivelyand that in the conventional bacteria granules were 6% suggesting that the surface area opening ratio of surface and porosity decreased in the order of white black and yellowish granules According to the air drying rate in different phases of granules it can be inferred that the white and black filamentous granules could rapidly exchange the substrates on the surface and consequently prone to be big and loosewhich discourages the stability of granules Additionallythe section image showed that filamentous granules were more porous than the black bacteria granules Filamentous granules exhibited encouraging COD and nitrogen removal efficiencies The black and white filamentous granules showed higher bioactivity with the oxygen up-take rate SOUR of 1 29 and 1 26 fold of the conventional yellowish granules Key words filamentous microorganisms granulation air drying rate wastewater treatment COD g / L d 5 cm 2 L 5% A 2 / O ph 9 16 mg / L SBR ph = JS027 PCSIRT IRT ~ lizhihua@ gmail com

2 25 2 h 5 min 226 NIS-Elements AR 0 min min 5 min 1 2 L / min COD NH + -N 1 L 7 25 ± COD mg / LNH + -N 60 mg / LTP 0 mg / L ph N90i 6 7 d ml = 1 - W dry / W wet W wet 500 W dry g /0 1 mg 0 5 h HR OCT 18 d 2 d d MICROM HM 500 O 50 selective pressure μm Table Mean diametersettling velocity and density of different granules / mm / m h - 1 / g ml ± 0 18 n = ± 7 98 n = ± 0 10 n = 1 26 ± 1 98 n = ± 15 n = ± 0 06 n = ± 1 1 n = ± 8 58 n = ± 0 1 n = 12 1 n % 85% h

8 255 2 Ⅰ Ⅱ 20 ~ 0 210 ~ 260 225 ~ 285 min 2 2 Ⅲ 1 1 2 b Fig 1 1 Microscopic observation of different granules after cryosection Fig 2 2 Air-drying characteristics of different granules Table 2 2 1

3 Ⅰ Ⅱ 20 ~ ~ ~ 285 min 2 2 Ⅲ b Fig 1 1 Microscopic observation of different granules after cryosection Fig 2 2 Air-drying characteristics of different granules Table Air-drying phases and the composition of free and capillary water of different granules / min / % Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 0 ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

4 EPS EPS EPS COD NH + -N 11 EPS g g 0 01 g PBS 100 ml 10 EPS min 5 ml EPS 12 NO - -N60 mg / L 0 5 EPS EPS h EPS 60 min COD 70% COD EPS h COD 2 NH + -N SOUR 79% 8% 1 2 COD NH + -N SOUR 1 1 Fig Pollutant removal characteristics of different granules

5 8 257 SOUR granular sludgej % 8% 6% J COD SOUR Flores-Alsina XComas JRodriguez-Roda I et al Including J the effects of filamentous bulking sludge during the simulation of 2 J wastewater treatment plants using a risk assessment modelj Water Research Li ZZhang TLi Net al Granulation of filamentous microorganisms in a sequencing batch reactor with saline wastewaterj Journal of Environmental Sciences Yang SLi XYu H Formation and characterisation of fungal and bacterial granules under different feeding alkalinity and ph conditionsj Process Biochemistry Liu YLiu Q S Causes and control of filamentous growth in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors J Biotechnology Advances Etterer TWilderer P A Generation and properties of aerobic Water Science and Technology M J J 11Li X YYang S F Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances EPS on the flocculationsedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludgej Water Research 12McSwain B SIrvine R LHausner Met al Composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge J Applied and Environmental Microbiology J Malaviya PRathore V Bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent by a novel fungal consortium isolated from polluted soil J Bioresource Technology

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