Research on the Effect and Technique of Remediation for Multi-Metal Contaminated Tailing Soils

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ÊΦάνης Γεννάδιος
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1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol 34 No 9 Sep * Marc Peters EDTA Cd Pb 52 2 mg kg mg kg - 1 Cr 2 7% 60% Cd Pb 0 1% 0 1 mol L - 1 EDTA h X53 A Research on the Effect and Technique of Remediation for Multi-Metal Contaminated Tailing Soils ZHU Guang-xu 1 2 GUO Qing-jun 1 YANG Jun-xing 1 ZHANG Han-zhi 1 2 WEI Rong-fei 1 2 WANG Chun-yu 1 2 Marc Peters 1 1 Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Abstract Soil samples were collected from compound polluted tailings to analyze the contents of total heavy metals and their speciation in the soil Laboratory batch tests were conducted to examine the effects of distilled water and different concentrations of oxalic acid citric acid acetic acid HNO 3 and EDTA on the removal of heavy metals from the polluted soils The suitable eluent and its optimal conditions including liquid to soil ratio reaction time and washing number were also optimized and the total toxicity reduction index was proposed to evaluate the effect of the eluent on the remediation of polluted soil The results showed that Cd and Pb were the most abundant heavy metals in the soil reaching 52 2 mg kg - 1 and m kg - 1 respectively There was significant difference in the removal efficiency for different heavy metals Cr had a maximum removal efficiency of 2 7% while the maximum Cd and Pb removal efficiency was both about 60% Distilled water had little removal efficiency for heavy metals with less than 0 1 % removal rate the heavy metal removal efficiency of oxalic acid and acetic acid was also quite low EDTA in 0 1 mol L - 1 was selected as the suitable eluent for the polluted soil Evaluation of the total toxicity reduction index and the cost suggested that EDTA should be used with a liquid to soil ratio of 6 1 a reaction time of 3 h and 2 washings Key words heavy metal contaminated soil tailing soil washing remediation total toxicity reduction index 50 t 95% 80% 70% hm 2 5 ~ t AA06A ~ woaiwojiahxx@ 163 com * guoqj@ igsnrr ac cn

2 EDTA DTPA 8 NTA 9 1 EDTA g ml 12 ml ph 20 ml HNO 3 -HF-HClO g GSS-1 GSS-5 50 ml 180 r min BCR h EDTA-Na 2 2 EDTA 14 3 PHS-3B ph 2 ph -Mastersizer 2000 Cd ICP- 2 1 MS ELAN-DRC-e ICP-OES Optima 5300DV Cr Cu Ni Pb Zn 20 min % 17 2% % g 50 ml 20 ml 10 / 1 3 Cd > Pb > Zn 18 5 > Cu > Cr 3 4 > Ni GB Cd r min 12 h Pb Zn 8 2 Cu r min - 1 Cd Pb Zn Cu Table 1 Test eluents and their concentrations /mol L EDTA ph 6 34

3 /mg kg - 1 Table 2 Contents of heavy metal in test soil and reference standard values /mg kg - 1 Cd Cr Cu Ni Pb Zn ~ 15 ph 16 ~ 18 1 Fig 1 Speciation distribution of heavy metals in test soil BCR 1 Cd 40% Cd Pb Cd 60% Cu Zn 30% Cu Cu Ni 1% 70% Pb 17% Zn Ni Cr Cd Pb 24 6% Ni Cr ph Cd Pb 21 Wasay 22 Cr Zn Cu Cr + Cr 94 7% Zn Cu 70% Mn Hg Pb 43% ~ 45% 37% ~ 54 3% Zn 41% 91% ~ 92% 75% 16 5% 7 6% Cu 98% Cd 89% Pb 91% 30 2% 8 7% Ni Cd 87% Pb 40% Cd Cu Pb Zn 84% ~ Ni 13 8% 91% 73% ~ 84% 56% ~ 70% 72% ~ 81% mmol L - 1 Cd 2 5 Cu Pb 90 4% 82 5% 38 6% Cd Cr Cu Zn 0 07% Cd Pb

4 Fig 2 2 Removal efficiency for the heavy metals by different eluents in a series of concentrations EDTA Cd Cu Pb Zn 2 3 ~ 24 h Cu Pb Zn Pb EDTA Cd Zn 60% Cd Zn 13% ~ 17% Cu EDTA Pb EDTA EDTA 65% Pb 28% 21 33% 24 Pb EDTA 1 6 Cd Zn 1 10 Cd Pb 24 h Pb mol L - 1 EDTA 26 6% % 38 5% Cd 2 3 EDTA Makino 25 3 Cd

5 h 6 h 6 h 12 h 3 Fig 3 3 EDTA Removal efficiency for the heavy metals under different EDTA washing condition Hakanson 26 L L = Σ n i = 1 = Σ n B i r E i r = Σ n i = 1 B i r T i r C i s /C i n B i r T i r C i r EDTA i = 1 3 h B i r C i s C i n CdEDTA T i r Cd Cd Hakanson 3 h h 2

6 EDTA Pb J Fig 4 Total toxicity reduction index under different EDTA washing condition J Cd Pb Zn Cu mg kg - 1 Cd Pb 2 EDTA 15 60% Cd Pb 30% J Cu 17% Zn Ni Cr J mol L - 1 EDTA EDTA 19 J h 20 Schramel O Michalke B Kettrup A 2 1 Environment J J J Z Wasay S A Barrington S Tokunaga S Organic acids for the in J situ remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals soil flushing in 4 J columns J Water Air and Soil Pollution Abumaizar R J Smith E H Heavy metal contaminants removal by soil washing J Journal of Hazardous Materials Dermont G Bergeron M Mercier G et al Soil washing for metal removal A review of physical /chemical technologies and eld applications J Journal of Hazardous Materials J J J D Adamo P Dudka S Wilson M J et al Chemical and mineralogical forms of Cu and Ni in contaminated soils from the Sudbury mining and smelting region Canada J Environmental Pollution Cancès B Ponthieu M Castrec-Rouelle M et al Metal ions speciation in a soil and its solution experimental data and model results J Geoderma J J Pb Zn Cd Study of the copper distribution in contaminated soils of hop fields by single and sequential extraction procedures J Science of the Total J

7 control a sedimentological approach J Water Research J Makino T Sugahara K Sakurai Y et al Remediation of cadmium contamination in paddy soils by washing with chemicals Selection of washing chemicals J Environmental Pollution Hakanson L An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution 27 J J

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