High Sensitivity Analysis of Volatile and Semi-volatile Compounds Using ASAP and GC/MS on an LC/MS Instrument Charles N. McEwen DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences Wilmington, DE
Why is Solvent Bad for Ionization? Solvent in the gas phase limits ionization to molecules more basic than the solvent Exception is photoionization (not acid/base ionization) but still mediated by solvent Removing solvent and water vapor from ionization region increases types of compounds that can be ionized at atmospheric pressure
ASAP Atmospheric-pressure pressure Solids Analysis Probe A rapid method for analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds in solids, liquids, polymers, and biological tissue
ASAP Ion Source N2 nebulizer gas LC connector APCI Probe LC interface probe Heated desolvation gas N2 purge in Teflon plug Melting point capillary Discharge needle MS inlet Mass Spec API source housing N 2 purge vent
Safety First ASAP vaporizes materials The ion source should be sealed during analysis (Just as ESI and APCI) and Vented to a hood
ASAP Probe
AP MALDI Orbitrap with ASAP ESI/APCI Source ASAP Probe
ASAP Examples Solids probe replacement Accurate mass of mixtures Analysis of polymer additives Analysis of drugs (or explosives) Analysis of biological tissue
Replacement for Solids Probe No vacuum lock Fast analysis MH + ions with minimal fragmentation Accurate mass MS/MS for structural information
ASAP on QTof Showing Instrument Calibration and 6 Steroid Samples in 3 min. Rapid solids probe analysis at atmospheric pressure of steroids cnmtest 1 a TOF MS ES+ TIC 1.26e5 PEG44 % 1.8 min 2.8 min Total Ion Current Chromatogram of ASAP analysis of 6 steroids.2.4.6.8 1. 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2. 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 Time Rapid solids probe analysis at atmospheric pressure of steroids cnmtest 21 (.415) Cm (21:31) 1 b 371.2179 415.2544 TOF MS ES+ 1.27e4 459.2837 PEG for Instrument Calibration 327.1971 53.315 % 547.3396 195.1281 283.1758 372.2383 416.2615 46.2923 591.3519 177.535 151.92 239.1587 223.876 279.1529 328.2191 54.3135 548.3578 163.14 16 18 2 22 24 26 28 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 46 48 5 52 54 56 58 m/z Rapid solids probe analysis at atmospheric pressure of steroids cnmtest 132 (2.641) AM (Cen,4, 75., Ar,5.,391.28,.8) 1 c MH + -H 2 O 269.223 287.2359 MH + TOF MS ES+ 7.65e3 Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrum of Steroid % 27.232 288.2433 139.729 195.1591 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 24 26 28 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 m/z Anal. Chem., 25, 77,7826-7831
Solids Probe Sample for Accurate Mass fish-11134-71-tube2-asap1_67189575 #15 RT:.89 AV: 1 SB: 1.32 NL: 3.39E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-1.] 547.37 C 33 H 58 P 3 1 95 547.37 9 85 8 75 7 65 546.37 546.37 C 33 H 57 P 3 Relative Abundance 6 55 5 45 4 35 548.37 548.38 C 33 H 59 P 3 3 25 2 15 1 5 545.36 C 33 H 56 P 3 549.38 C 36 H 55 P 2 551.39 C 36 H 57 P 2 554.28 C 43 H 38 557.3 C 43 H 41 56.37 C 37 H 54 P 2 562.36 562.36 C 43 H 46 563.37 563.37 C 43 H 47 564.37 564.37 C 43 H 48 566.38 C 43 H 5 542 544 546 548 55 552 554 556 558 56 562 564 566 568 m/z
Accurate Mass Measurement for GC/MS GC/MS using low performance MS ASAP on high performance MS for elemental compositions High resolution required MS/MS with accurate mass
PrefumeX_51219134717 #8-18 RT:.18-.29 AV: 11 NL: 2.3E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-8.] 147.442 C 9 H 7 O 2 1 ASAP of Perfume on Orbitrap 95 9 85 8 295.1292 C 14 H 19 O 5 N 2 75 7 27.1747 C 14 H 23 O 1 65 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 189.1641 C 14 H 21 279.981 C 13 H 15 O 5 N 2 4 35 3 137.1325 C 1 H 17 118.411 C 8 H 6 O 1 178.991 C 11 H 14 O 2 273.2585 C 2 H 33 25 2 15 161.1327 C 12 H 17 343.163 225.141 C 19 H 13 O 2 N 5 C 6 H 19 O 4 N 5 1 5 25.2297 C 17 H 3 O 1 34.244 C 2 H 32 O 2 326.152 C 21 H 18 N 4 37.36 C 27 H 46 391.285 C 25 H 35 N 4 426.3863 C 3 H 5 O 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 24 26 28 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 m/z
Perfume Analysis APGCMS Perfume4 3m DB1 apciperfume4_cv32 Sm (Mn, 1x1) 1 GC/APMS 822 845 1174 TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.1e3 878 928 783 % 53 111 587 692 66 119 1214 2 461 638 747 711 971 995 4. 6. 8. 1. 12. 14. 16. 18. 1341 Time
Abundance GC/MS of Musk Ketone Using EI, APPI, and APCI 55 5 45 4 35 EI-MS Scan 3171 (2.49 min): chuck 2.D\data.ms 279 C 13 H 15 O 5 N 2 279 O OH 3 C N CH 3 CH 3 O N O 3 25 2 128 H 3 C CH 3 15 115 1 143 16 294 O CH 3 5 172 189 m/z--> 22 215 247 152 223 232 262 18 121314151617181922122232425262728293 Photoionization MS Perfume4 DB1 photo_perfume4 1313 (12.812) 1 APPI-MS 277.3 TOF MS ES+ 1.3e3 % 189.2 277. 294.3 149.2 161.2 147.2 163.2 apciperfume4_cv32 1173 (12.793) 1 APCI-MS 177.2 189. 188.2 191.2 24.3 22.2 232.3 214.3 217.3 23.3 242.3 244.3 259.3 261.3 259.1 262.3 278.3 C 14 H 19 O 5 N 2 293. 295.3 295.3 TOF MS ES+ 959 295 % 295. 296.4 149.1 171.3 232.3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 31 m/z
PrefumeX_51219134717 #8-18 RT:.18-.29 AV: 11 NL: 2.3E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-8.] 147.442 C 9 H 7 O 2 1 95 C 9 H 7 O 2 ASAP of Perfume on Orbitrap 9 85 8 75 7 65 27.1747 C 14 H 23 O 1 C 14 H 23 O 295 295.1292 C 14 H 19 O 5 N 2 C 14 H 19 O 5 N 2 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 4 C 14 H 21 189.1641 C 14 H 21 279 C 13 H 15 O 5 N 2 279.981 C 13 H 15 O 5 N 2 35 3 137.1325 C 1 H 17 118.411 C 8 H 6 O 1 178.991 C 11 H 14 O 2 273.2585 C 2 H 33 25 2 15 161.1327 C 12 H 17 343.163 225.141 C 19 H 13 O 2 N 5 C 6 H 19 O 4 N 5 1 5 25.2297 C 17 H 3 O 1 34.244 C 2 H 32 O 2 326.152 C 21 H 18 N 4 37.36 C 27 H 46 391.285 C 25 H 35 N 4 426.3863 C 3 H 5 O 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 24 26 28 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 44 m/z
EPA 827 Megamix by ASAP as a Function of Time/Temperature Temperature 1 8 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 1 Relative Abundance1 8 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 56.1768 77.379 91.536 77.38 91.536 277.111 253.113 123.311 149.231 179.854 23.854 229.112 269.965 293.96 253.19 149.231 229.111 277.111 139.1115 163.388 215.854 123.311 179.854 23.854 269.962 245.964 293.961 149.231 23.851 168.85 229.11 122.47 182.32 91.536 129.542 253.111 111.435 77.379 219.82 245.96 259.194 279.159 149.231 179.853 163.389 122.471 185.19 23.853 77.38 92.489 139.5 214.1589 18.439 229.111 249.9812 139.1114 149.23 163.387 17.961 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 24 26 28 m/z 283.897 77.379 91.536 131.1175 183.914 69.328 17.486 24.334 231.8824 247.9831 279.1592 75.546 124.864 139.1114 67.284 91.536 94.645 19.642 145.9681 162.228 179.9292 Mass 236.846 24.334 271.896 294.312 NL: 1.25E8 EPA827_652413595#59 RT: 1. AV: 1 SB: 3.-.3 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.] NL: 1.61E8 EPA827_652413595#45 RT:.76 AV: 1 SB: 3.-.3 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.] NL: 1.36E8 EPA827_652413595#34 RT:.57 AV: 1 SB: 3.-.3 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.] NL: 5.51E7 EPA827_652413595#23 RT:.38 AV: 1 SB: 3.-.3 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.] NL: 5.8E7 EPA827_652413595#11 RT:.18 AV: 1 SB: 3.-.3 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.] NL: 9.9E6 EPA827_652413595#5 RT:.7 AV: 1 SB: 3.-.3 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.]
EPA827_6524143111 #4 RT:.6 AV: 1 NL: 6.3E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full m s [ 5.-1.] Relative Abundance 1 95 9 85 8 75 7 65 6 55 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 94.6 C 6 H 8 N 1 2 96.5 C 1 H 8 O 3 N 2 ASAP of Restek EPA 827 Megamix 17.5 C 7 H 7 O 1 15.7 C 8 H 9 3 19.6 C 7 H 9 O 1 111.4 C 6 H 7 O 2 115.5 C 9 H 7 123.8 C 8 H 11 O 1 121.6 C 8 H 9 O 1 119.9 C 9 H 11 4 131.12 C 6 H 15 O 1 N 2 128.3 C 9 H 4 O 1 5 135.8 C 9 H 11 O 1 139.11 C 9 H 15 O 1 143.9 C 11 H 11 145.6 C 1 H 9 O 1 149.2 C 8 H 5 O 3 155.9 C 12 H 11 153.7 C 12 H 9 163.4 C 9 H 7 O 3 166.8 C 13 H 1 17.1 C 12 H 12 N 1 95 1 15 11 115 12 125 13 135 14 145 15 155 16 165 17 m/z 6 7 1. Aminobenzene 2. Phenol 3. Methylphenol 4. Dimethylphenol 5. Nitroso-di-propylamine 6. Isophorone 7. Methylnapthalene 8. Acenaphthylene 9. Diphenylamine 8 9
Polymer Additive Analysis Obtain additive elemental compositions in seconds No sample extraction required MS/MS for confirmation
MASSOUDA_1_PELLET_654125118 #42 RT: 1.26 AV: 1 NL: 1.76E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-12.] 1 95 9 ASAP of Additives in Polymer Nonwoven polymer -C 14 H 21 O 441.2925 C 28 H 42 O 2 P 1 646.452 C 42 H 63 O 3 P 1 C 42 H 63 O 3 P Irgafos 168 85 8 75 7 65 647.4565 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 4 35 662.446 C 42 H 63 O 4 P 1 3 25 2 Erucamide C 22 H 44 ON 442.2956 C 27 H 4 O 4 N 1 Irgafos 168 oxidized 663.4512 15 1 5 111.1164 C 8 H 15 338.3422 C 22 H 44 O 1 N 1 -C 4 H 8 591.3965 C 38 H 56 O 3 P 1 664.4549 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 m/z
ASAP of Nonwoven Fiber nonwovan_fabric_6118155342 #63 RT: 1.89 AV: 1 NL: 1.E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-2.] 1 95 9 85 8 75 7 65 6 646.457 C 42 H 63 O 3 P 1 4 1. Erucamide 2. Fragment of 4 3. Irganox 176 4. Irgafos 168 5. Irgafos 168 oxidized 6. Irganox 3114 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 1 338.3417 C 22 H 44 O 1 N 1 2 441.2917 C 28 H 42 O 2 P 1 3 53.4689 C 35 H 62 O 3 5 6 783.5173 C 48 H 69 O 6 N 3 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 m/z
ASAP of Drugs On objects In urine or spit without sample preparation Accurate mass MS/MS
ASAP of Ibuprofen Tablet Ibuprofen_672111146 #389 RT: 2.53 AV: 1 SB: 12.1-.1 NL: 9.63E8 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 5.-5.] 1 C 12 H 17 161.1326 C 12 H 17 95 9 (CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 C 6 H 4 CH(CH 3 )COOH 85 8 75 7 65 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 4 35 3 159.1171 C 12 H 15 25 2 C 9 H 11 119.855 C 9 H 11 C 1 H 11 O 2 163.754 C 1 H 11 O 2 15 1 5 C C 5 H 11 4 H 9 57.693 C 4 H 9 71.851 C 5 H 11 81.695 C 6 H 9 C 7 H 7 91.539 C 7 H 7 95.852 C 7 H 11 C 8 H 9 15.696 C 8 H 9 117.698 C 9 H 9 145.649 C 1 H 9 O 1 149.235 C 8 H 5 O 3 167.339 C 8 H 7 O 4 188.1198 C 13 H 16 O 1 C 13 H 18 O 2 27.1385 C 13 H 19 O 2 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 m/z
Direct ASAP Analysis of Urine Sample 9 hrs After 12 hr Sedafed cnmurin_psuedo_caf_632411339 #33 RT: 1.5 AV: 1 SB: 7.4-.24 NL: 5.77E7 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-1.] 148.1118 C 1 H 14 N 1 1 95 HN CH 3 C 1 H 14 N 9 85 CH 3 8 75 7 65 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 HO HN CH 3 CH 3 4 35 -H 2 O 3 114.658 25 2 15 1 117.694 C 9 H 9 133.884 C 9 H 11 N 1 Ephedrine C 1 H 16 ON 166.1224 C 1 H 16 O 1 N 1 5 19.757 126.911 136.391 153.654 12.84 144.12 157.716 17.921 C 9 H 14 O 3 191.1177 C 11 H 15 O 1 N 2 29.1283 C 11 H 17 O 2 N 2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 m/z
dollar_bills_51118165312 #198 RT: 1.72 AV: 1 NL: 8.56E8 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-12.] 1 95 9 85 8 The Famous Cocaine on a Dollar Bill 149.233 C 8 H 5 O 3 Phthalate C 8 H 5 O 3 Cocaine C 17 H 22 O 4 N 34.1548 C 17 H 22 O 4 N 1 75 7 65 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 4 35 3 25 -PhCOOH C 1 H 16 O 2 N 182.1176 C 1 H 16 O 2 N 1 C 24 H 39 O 4 391.2849 C 24 H 39 O 4 2 15 1 5 117.97 C 6 H 13 O 2 135.1167 C 1 H 15 167.34 C 8 H 7 O 4 233.1751 C 12 H 25 O 4 279.1595 C 16 H 23 O 4 367.2696 C 18 H 39 O 7 353.356 C 22 H 41 O 3 425.3113 C 22 H 41 O 4 N 4 483.3528 C 25 H 47 O 5 N 4 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 m/z
ASAP of Biological Samples Rapid analysis of volatiles in tissue No sample preparation Accurate mass and MS/MS High resolution desirable
ASAP of Carrot carot_6329155429 #2 RT:.57 AV: 1 NL: 4.25E6 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-8.] 1 95 9 127.388 C 6 H 7 O 3 C 4 H 56 536.4385 C 4 H 56 Beta-carotene 85 8 75 7 65 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 145.496 C 6 H 9 O 4 163.391 C 9 H 7 O 3 289.925 C 15 H 15 O 5 N 1 229.711 313.2745 C 19 H 37 O 3 397.3839 C 29 H 49 414.3866 C 29 H 5 O 1 337.2746 C 21 H 37 O 3 C 13 H 11 O 3 N 1 444.3756 383.3682 C 28 H 47 C 33 H 48 519.4766 C 34 H 63 O 3 575.535 C 37 H 67 O 4 616.57 C 39 H 68 O 5 639.4788 C 47 H 61 N 1 699.4998 C 49 H 65 O 2 N 1 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 m/z
ASAP of Catnip Leaf Normal Growth and After Growth in Cold and Dark Normal Catnip2_5128154135 #11 RT:.16 AV: 1 NL: 6.32E6 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 1.-2.] 167.162 C 1 H 15 O 2 1 catnip_cold_6111151518 #54 RT: 1.47 AV: 1 NL: 1.1E8 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 5.-1.] 1 nepetalactone 95 9 85 8 167.159 C 1 H 15 O 2 338.347 C 2 H 42 N 4 439.3558 C 28 H 45 O1 N 3 Cold and Dark 95 9 C 1 H 15 O 2 75 7 85 8 75 7 H 3 C O O Relative Abundance 65 6 55 5 45 Relative Abundance 65 6 55 5 45 4 35 3 25 121.16 C 9 H 13 149.956 C 1 H 13 O 1 CH 3 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 93.689 81.689 121.13 C 9 H 13 149.954 C 1 H 13 O 1 191.1786 C 14 H 23 247.1685 C 14 H 21 O1 N 3 321.3143 C 2 H 39 N 3 31.395 358.3668 C 2 H 46 O1 N 4 411.3611 C 27 H 45 N 3 393.356 C 29 H 45 457.3657 C 28 H 47 O2 N 3 C 18 H 38 N 4 481.4955 577.5166 C 3 H 63 O1 N 3 C 35 H 67 O3 N 3 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 m/z 2 15 1 5 198.8317 229.2157 C 14 H 29 O 2 257.2471 C 16 H 33 O 2 285.2784 C 18 H 37 O 2 411.3979 363.1239 C 3 H 51 C 22 H 19 O 5 459.5764 C 33 H 63 55.9594 C 37 O 3 N 1 565.918 C 42 O 3 N 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 m/z
Ergosterol Biosynthesis Squalene 2,3-Oxidosqualene Lanosterol Eburicol O Squalene Epoxidase H O Epoxysqualene Cyclase H O C24 Transmethylase H O C14 Demethylase C4 Demethylase H O C14 Reductase Ergosterol Fecosterol H O H O C22 Desaturase C5 Desaturase C24(28) Reductase Δ8 Isomerase
ASAP of Fungus Cells AG_FUNGUS_CONTROL_S_6228154133 #22 RT:.65 AV: 1 SB: 3.-.7 NL: 1.5E5 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 2.-1.] 1 95 9 85 8 75 7 65 Untreated Internal standard 396 396.3394 C 28 H 44 O 1 Ergosterol Relative Abundance 6 55 5 45 391.2852 C 24 H 39 O 4 H O 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 351.3993 C 25 H 51 368.3657 C 24 H 48 O 2 363.357 C 27 H 39 378 4.376 C 28 H 48 O 1 378.3289 C 28 H 42 44.419 C 31 H 52 O 1 389.4166 C 28 H 425.3785 442.3811 53 38.3448 C 3 H 49 O C 3 H 5 O 2 1 376.3133 C C 28 H 44 41.3916 28 H 4 C 3 H 5 421.4772 435.493 446.4855 C 3 H 61 C 31 H 63 C 32 H 62 36 37 38 39 4 41 42 43 44 m/z AG_FUNGUS_H6573_S_6228172336 #25 RT:.73 AV: 1 SB: 3.1-.7 NL: 3.85E4 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 2.-1.] 391.285 C 24 H 39 O 4 1 95 9 Treated with Inhibitor Eburicol 44.417 C 31 H 52 O 1 44 85 8 75 7 65 225 425.3784 C 3 H 49 O 1 RelativeAbundance 6 55 5 45 368.3657 C 24 H 48 O 2 HO 4 35 3 411 411.3627 442.482 25 C 29 H 47 O 1 427.3786 C 26 H 51 O 4 2 15 1 5 354.35 C 23 H 46 O 2 365.3785 C 25 H 49 O 1 371.3164 C 22 H 43 O 4 373.3484 387.49 47.3678 C 3 H 47 397.3475 C 28 H 45 O 1 4.9851 423.3989 C 31 H 51 415.372 419.3161 C 26 H 43 O 4 438.3863 C 31 H 5 O 1 436.375 C 31 H 48 O 1 447.3472 C 28 H 47 O 4 35 36 37 38 39 4 41 42 43 44 45 m/z
ASAP of Treated Fungus AG_FUNGUS_JP355_S_6228172336 #23 RT:.6 AV: 1 SB: 3.1-.7 NL: 2.53E5 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 2.-1.] 1 Inhibitor added 95 9 85 8 75 7 Lanosterol 411.363 C 29 H 47 O 1 411 426.3863 C 3 H 5 O 1 426 65 RelativeAbundance 6 55 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 382.3239 C 27 H 42 O 1 368.3659 C 24 H 48 O 2 391.2851 C 24 H 39 O 4 C 29 H 49 O 1 397.3475 C 28 H 45 O 1 428.3918 413.3769 15 49.3838 C 3 H 49 38.385 1 365.3219 C 27 H 4 O 1 424.379 442.3814 36.3763 374.3919 388.474 42.423 C 3 H 48 O 1 C 3 H 5 O 2 5 C 26 H 48 C 27 H 5 C 28 H 52 C 29 H 54 432.4697 C 31 H 6 36 37 38 39 4 41 42 43 44 m/z AG_FUNGUS_YB837_S_6228172336 #23-27 RT:.54-.63 AV: 5 SB: 3.1-.7 NL: 4.52E5 T: FTMS + p APCI corona Full ms [ 2.-1.] 368.3657 C 24 H 48 O 2 1 Inhibitor added 95 9 85 8 S IS Ignosterol ES 396 398.3557 C 28 H 46 O 1 398 HO 75 7 65 6 RelativeAbundance 55 5 45 HO 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 4.3896 C 25 H 52 O 3 412.348 C 24 H 46 O 4 N 1 384 356.3473 384.3781 48.3341 C 26 H 44 C 28 H 48 C 428.353 21 H 46 O 6 N 1 414.3697 376.3387 C 25 H 48 O 5 C 25 H 5 O 4 C 21 H 46 O 4 N 1 426.3476 373.3788 C 29 H 46 O 2 363.3148 C 27 H 49 C 23 H 41 O 2 N 1 44.3814 C 27 H 52 O 4 35 36 37 38 39 4 41 42 43 44 45 m/z
ASAP Probe for DESI Analysis of nonvolatiles such as peptides and proteins Patented technology
Sigma Peptide Mixture by ASAP Probe DESI SIGMAPEP_ESI_6629131637 #19 RT: 3.42 AV: 1 NL: 5.56E4 T: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [ 425.-2.] 523.77 1 95 523.77 ++ Ang III Single Acquisition 9 85 8 75 556.28 + 556.28 LeuEnk 7 65 6 Relative Abundance 55 5 45 146.54 + 146.54 Ang III 4 35 3 25 578.26 + 578.26 MetEnk 147.55 2 15 1 5 445.31 522.6 579.26 148.55 618.19 489.34 784.41 16.56 66.49 935.49 1111.54 722.5 79.59 841.92 878.64 957.47 992.74 168.52 113.5 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 1 15 11 115 m/z
Myoglobin by ASAP Probe DESI XtractTemp_2671162342 7/1/26 4:23:46 PM RT:. - 2.6 1 9 8 7 Relative Abundance 6 5 4.73 Myo 1.17 1.3 4 1.53 Total Ion Chromatogram Myo 1.76 1.8 2 1.6 3 1.9 9 NL: 6.21E6 TIC M S CYTOC_E SI_6629 13 16 3 7 3 2 1.6.28.16.23.36.44.52.61.87.97 2.9 2.16 2.29 2.39 2.46..1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Time (min) CYTOC_ESI_6629131637 # 28 RT:.73 AV: 1 NL: 1.4 9 E4 T: FTM S + p ESI Full ms [ 425.-2.] 1 893.12 Single Acquisition 9 16.45 8 942.63 Relative Abundance 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 4.9 4 848.66 113 1.15 88.35 998.7 12 11.6 6 738.6 739.1 14 13.4 5 771.4 7 992.8 1.13 136.2 14 9.9 4 77.43 1132.22 154 2. 1 944.1 12 12.8 8 894.96 681.65 1 6 2.8 3 113 7.6 8 945.68 12 14.9 5 12 9 7.4 13 4 3.6 6 14 2 2. 2 652.9 1 4 7. 773.33 921.19 1148.65 961.92 112 8.75 126.68 13 12.2 5 13 8 2.2 8 1 19.2 1 13 6 2.19 1425.1 154 3.8 3 16 2.2 5 826.17 871.63 1179.32 14 79.2 9 1512.2 4 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 1 1 5 11 115 12 12 5 13 13 5 14 14 5 15 155 16 m/ z XtractTemp_2671162342 # 1 RT: 1. AV: 1 NL: 1.3 6 E3 T: FTM S + p ESI Full ms [ 844.22-16961.16] 1 9 8 1695 16 9 5.12 16 9 51.13 16952.12 16 9 53.16 Deconvoluted molecular ion envelope 16 9 54.11 Relative Abundance 7 6 5 4 3 16949 16949.13 16 9 55.16 2 1 16 9 4 7.2 1 16 9 4 8.14 16 9 56.16 16 9 4 5 16 9 4 6 16 9 4 7 16 9 4 8 16949 16 9 5 16 9 51 16952 16 9 53 16 9 54 16 9 55 16956 16 9 57 16 9 58 16 9 59 16 9 6 m/ z
Conclusions ASAP is a rapid method for Analysis of Samples at Atmospheric Pressure ASAP is compatible with LC/MS and AP GC/MS and requires only a simple ion source modification Volatile and semivolatile compounds in solids, liquids, polymers, and biological tissue can be analyzed in seconds The method is especially powerful on high performance mass spectrometers
GC/MS on an LC/MS Instrument o Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (API) has primarily been interfaced with liquid chromatography, but it is also an ionization method that can be applied to gas chromatograph. o Any LC/MS instrument can also be used as a GC/MS instrument. o Either APCI or APPI can be used
LC/MS Ion Source: GC Interface Probe Replaces LC Probe Purge gas entrance GC Interface probe Advantages over LC/MS O GC provides higher chromatographic resolution and more peak capacity than LC. O Higher sensitivity for certain compounds. O Less problems with analyte solubility. HV Discharge needle Ground plate Purge gas exit Mass Spec Advantages over vacuum GC/MS O Uses high performance LC/MS instrumentation O Mass selected fragmentation for GC/MS Quantitation
Waters QTof Agilent GC With autosampler
Interface probe Syagen Photoionization Source
K25-574A 1 Perfume Analysis: Comparison of UV, LC/MS, GC/APMS UV Diode Array 1.95 3: Diode Array TIC 6.53e7 %.12 1.99 7.8 11.75 14.82 17.12 18.1 21.1 22.29 22.82 24.34 3.45 3.9-6 K25-574A 1 LC/MS Electrospray 17.16 24.42 1: TOF MS ES+ TIC 1.23e4 11.1 % 22.37 16.21 17.58 22.92 12.88 19.91 29.55 29.82 3.99 2.5 5. 7.5 1. 12.5 15. 17.5 2. 22.5 25. 27.5 3. 32.5 35. 37.5 4. Time A P G C M S P e r f u m e 4 3 m D B 1 a p c ip e r fu m e 4 _ c v 3 2 S m ( M n, 1 x 1 ) T O F M S E S + 8 4 5 1 B P I 1.1 e 3 8 2 2 GC/APCI MS 8 7 8 1 1 7 4 9 2 8 7 8 3 % 5 3 1 1 1 5 8 7 6 9 2 1 2 1 4 6 6 1 1 9 4 6 1 6 3 8 7 1 1 7 4 7 9 9 5 9 7 1 1 3 4 1 2 4. 6. 8. 1. 1 2. 1 4. 1 6. 1 8. T im e
Molecular and MH + Ion Generation A + e ---> A+. + 2e (EI) A + hν ---> A+. + e (APPI) A+. + H2O ---> AH+ +.OH N2 + e ---> N2+. + 2e (APCI) N2+. + 2N2 ---> N4+. + N-2 N4+. + H2O ---> H2O+. + 2N2 H2O+. + H2O ---> H3O+ +.OH H3O+ + A ---> AH+ + H2O N2+./N4+. + A ---> A+. + xn2
Comparison of AP GC/MS of n-butyrophenone Using APPI and APCI Photoionization MS photomix1 3m DB1 photo_mix1_cv32 818 (7.196) 1 Photoionization n-butyrophenone Odd-electron fragment ions 148.2 TOF MS ES+ 434 % 17.1 15.1 12. 12.1 121.1 148. 147.2 8 85 9 95 1 15 11 115 12 125 13 135 14 145 15 155 16 165 17 APGCMS photomix1 3m DB1 apcimix1cv32 53 (7.192) 149.2 1 APCI n-butyrophenone MH + fragment ions 13. 13.2 131.2 147. 149.2 15.2 151.2 m/z TOF MS ES+ 1.15e3 % 149. 15.2 17.1 8 85 9 95 1 15 11 115 12 125 13 135 14 145 15 155 16 165 17 131.2 m/z
photoperfume4_cv33 1 APPI 9.8 ev Perfume Analysis by API-GC/MS 1)Rose oil 2) Linalool 3) C14H12 4) Geraniol 5) Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol 6) Vanillin 7) Ionone 8) Coumarin 9)Cetone 1) Dimethoxypropenylbenenee 11) Isomethylionine 12) Diethylphthalate 13) Methyltetradecanoic acid 14) Methylpentadecanone 15) Musk Ketone 16) Civetone TOF MS ES+ BPI 693 % photo_perfume4 1 APPI 1.6 ev TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.52e3 % apciperfume4_cv32 1 APCI % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1 12 13 14 15 16 TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.49e3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 11. 12. 13. 14. Time
APPI Spectra of Isomers of methyl-ionone Photoionization MS Perfume4 DB1 photo_perfume4 114 (9.964) 1 O 191.3 191 TOF MS ES+ 392 % 26.3 191.1 27.3 123.2 137.2 149. 8 9 1 Photoionization MS Perfume4 DB1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 m/z photo_perfume4 936 (9.172) TOF MS ES+ 1 27.3 1.42e3 149 149.3 165.3 15.2 189.3 177.3 18.3 192.3 26.1 25.3 28.3 26.3 % H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 O CH 3 135.2 15 15.2 191 191.3 CH 3 26.1 17. 17.2 19.2 134.2 123.2 122.2 134. 122. 126.2 133.2 137.2 15. 149.2 149. 151.2 163.3 166.2 163.1 191.1 189.3 188.3 179.3 173.3 187.3 192.3 25.1 28.3 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 m/z
Abundance 45 Electron Impact Spectra of Methyl-ionone Isomers Scan 2424 (15.856 min): chuck 2.D\data.ms 191 O 4 35 3 25 2 77 91 15 15 1 69 149 119 5 133 Abundance 159 177 26 98 112 127 141 218 7 8 9 1 Scan 11236 12(15.137 13 14min): 15chuck 16 17 2.D\data.ms 18 19 2 21 22 m/z--> 35 91 77 121 3 25 CH 3 O CH 3 H 3 C 2 15 CH 3 15 135 CH 3 1 15 26 69 5 191 177 84 98 113 128 143 159 227 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 m/z-->
Abundance Comparison of Electron Impact to APPI Spectra of Benzopyran-2-one 9 8 EI Scan 2182 (14.381 min): chuck 2.D\data.ms 118 7 6 5 4 3 2 89 146 1 85 92 13 96 99 1619 115 123 12713133 138141 152 157 85 9 95 1 15 11 115 12 125 13 135 14 145 15 155 m/z--> 1 APPI 146.1 147.1 TOF MS ES+ 256 % 118.1 145.9 118. 119.1 148.2 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 m/z
GC/APMS Restek 827 EPA Mixture APGCMS Restek 833 827 APCI apci833cv33 827 1 % APCI APGCMS Restek 833 APCI apci833cv33 49 (5.577) 1 % Nitrobenzene 94.1 78.1 77.1 93.9 15.1 14.9 17.1 124.1 123.9 125.1 TOF MS ES+ 1.29e3 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 m/z APGCMS Restek 833 APCI apci833cv33 1 % photo833_cv32 1 % TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.42e3 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6. 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7. 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8. 8.2 Time TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.47e3 TOF MS ES+ BPI 537 photo833_cv32 827 1 APPI 9.8 ev 827 Photoionization MS Restek833 3m DB1 photo833_cv32 57 (6.38) TOF MS ES+ 1 162.1 352 Dichlorophenol 164.1 TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.1e3 % % 161.9 149.1 166.1 m/z 12 13 14 15 16 17 2. 4. 6. 8. 1. 12. 14. 16. 18. Time
Reproducibility Study Restek 827 Megamix by GC/1.6 ev APPI-MS photo8271megamix3 1 Peak width 1.5 sec.5 sec acquisition TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.76e3 % photo8271megamix2 1 TOF MS ES+ BPI 1.73e3 %. 2. 4. 6. 8. 1. 12. 14. 16. Time
Conclusion o AP-GC/MS extends the capabilities of LC/MS instrumentation. o APPI GC/MS is almost a universal ionization method for volatile compounds. o High sensitivity. o Library search possible with APPI? o Positive/negative ionization, accurate mass, MS/MS, quantitation. o This work has shown that LC/MS instrumentation can be made more powerful and more universal by incorporating the ability to also perform AP GC/MS.
Additional Information ASAP: McEwen, McKay, Larsen Anal. Chem., 25, 77, 7826-7831. 7831. AP GC/MS: McEwen, McKay J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 25, 16, 173-1738. 1738. EMAIL: ASAPMS-info@comcast.net
Acknowledgements Richard G. McKay Barbara S. Larsen Patricia M. Peacock DuPont Corporate Center for Analytical Sciences Waters Corporation (Michael Balogh)