24 6 2004 6 A CTA ECOLO G ICA S IN ICA V o l. 24,N o. 6 Jun., 2004,,, 3 (, 310029) :, L ogistic 50 a,,,, L eslie 30 a, (0 5 a), (15 25 a) (45 50 a) : ; ; ; ; D eevey ; Ana lys is on popula tion surv iv ing process of Cha ng ium smy rn ioides, an endangered plan t L I W ei2cheng, GE Y ing, SH EN G H ai2yan, CHAN G J ie 3 (Colleg e of L if e S cience, Z hej iang U niversity, H ang z hou 310029, Ch ina). A cta Ecolog ica S in ica, 2004, 24 (6) : 1187 1193. Abstract: Chang ium sm y rnioid es W o lff, a m ono typ ic species of Um bellaceae, occurs only in a narrow zone in the eastern to m iddle part of the Yangtze R iver Basin, south part of Ch ina. A s a result of hum an activity and its bio logical characteristics, C. sm y rnioid es has already becom e an endangered species. It is impo rtant to understand the basic life h isto ry and grow th p rocess as w ell as endangered m echanism. Because of the difficulty in estim ating the age of C. sm y rnioid es individuals, a L ogistic Grow th M odel w as used to estim ate the age of the individuals by non2destructive m ethod, based on the experim ental data of seed2 seedling conversion rate and seedling survival rate. T he static life table and fecundity schedule, the k illing pow er, D eevey curve and L eslie M atrix M odel w ere used to analyze the num erical dynam ics of the population. A ll data w ere obtained from the field investigation, including the age structure, seed p roduction and natural germ ination rate. T he k illing pow er indicated that there w ere th ree bo ttleneck s th roughout the w ho le life h isto ry of C. sm y rnioid es. T he first bo ttleneck, w h ich is the low survival rate of seedling, w as caused by environm ental stress; the o ther tw o bo ttleneck s, h igh death rates of m ature and aged individuals, w ere caused by hum an activity and sho rtage of ligh t, respectively. T hat lim ited the developm ent and recruitm ent of the populations. O n the sense of m eta2population, the local population of C. sm y rnioid es had a trend tow ard extinction fo r its age structure indicating the low birth rate but h igh m o rtality. N et rep roductive rate (R 0), instantaneous rate of increase ( rp ), finite rate of increase (Κ) and generation span (T ) show ed that the population w as the decreasing type. W hen the m ean offsp ring num ber is 11678, the population of N an Peak w ould increase. U nder the static hypo thesis of tw o m ain param eters, the m ean birth rate bi and livability P i, the L eslie M atrix M odel p redicted that the population size w ould decrease in the com ing 30 years, and the ratio of the o ld individuals in the population w ould increase. T he population inhabited in seasonal gap o riginally, but it now takes refuge in the co rrido r near the edge of fo rest w here sunligh t is rich and competitive species is lesṡ A cco rding to the cause of population declining, w e suggest to take the m ethod of insitu and ex situ conservation com bined w ith hum an2aided : (G2000046805) : 2003207214; : 2003211216 : (1978 ),,,, 3 A utho r fo r co rrespondence, E2m ail: jchang@m ail. hz. zj. cn Foundation item: the N ational Key P ro ject fo r Basic Research in Ch ina (N o. G2000046805) Rece ived date: 2003207214; Accepted date: 2003211216 Biography: L IW ei2cheng, M aster,m ainly engaged in eco system analysis and modeling, and eco logical engineering.
1 188 24 offsp ring num ber increasing. Key words: endangered p lant; Chang ium sm y rnioid es; population dynam ic; age structure; D eevey curve; k illing pow er : 100020933 (2004) 0621187207 : Q 948 : A (Chang ium sm y rnioid es W o lff), 29 32 N, 114 122 E,,, [1, 2 ] [1, 3 ],,, 1984 [4 ] [3, 5 ],, (population viability analyses, PVA ), PVA [6 ] [7 10 ], PVA,, :,, L ogistic ;,,, D eevey ; L eslie,,,, PVA (p ro jection m atrix) 1 1. 1 2, 1614 C, 1 (319 C), 120d, 1100 1600 mm, 10 2 (20% 27% ), (),, (12 6 ), : (1), ( T rachelosp erm um jasm inoid es) (H ed era helix ); (2), (R ubus h irsu tus) (R osa m u ltif lora) (P ilea notata) (A chy ranthes bid entata ) (S am bucus ch inensis) (S em iaqu ileg ia ad ox oid es)(cory d alis sheareri) (A rth rax on h isp id us) 1. 2 2001 2003 (120 10 E, 30 15 N ) 10 10 m 2 3, 30 10 m 2 1, 1 1 m 2 32,, (5 6 ), 5 m 4 1 1m 2,, [1 ], 2, (1 1 m 2 ) 16, 2 m, (12 cm, 6cm ), (, 8 ),, (), 4 1 1m 2, (, ),, 16 (, ), 1. 3,, [2 ], yx, : y = 91511x 0. 3444 (r = 018704, n = 44), [2 ], SA S
6 : 1189 L ogistic ( 1): V it = (i = 1, 2, 3,, 50), V k 1 + - 1 e - r m t V 0 rm = 013056; i,v it, i ; V k, 160128; t r = 019613 (P < 0105) 10 1 [8 ],, 50 a, ( ), 45 a 1. 4 D eevey [8, 11 ] I:, ; J i, I ; d i, I I+ 1 ; g i, I, g i= g igj i 1000; L i, I I + 1, L i= (J i+ J i+ 1) g2; T i, I, T i= J i+ J i- 1+ ; ei, i, ei= T igj i; a i, I ; K i, (k illing pow er) K i = lnj i - lnj i+ 1 [10 ] D eevey 1. 5 [8 ] i, ; J i, I 1 2 L ogistic ; m i, I ; J im i ij im i F ig. 1 Sim ulated L ogistic grow th curve of age2vo lum e fo r (R 0) (R p ) (Κ) Chang ium smy rnioides (T ) : 1. 6 L eslie R 0 = 6 J im i, T = 6 ij im ig 6 J im i, R p = lnr V k 0gT, Κ= er p,, [9 ], D agm ar L eslie [12 ] L eslie,,, [13, 14 ] 5 a 1, 10 bi I, P i I I + 1 ( d i= 1- P i), bi, P i, 50 a, 2 2. 1 D eevey ( 2) D eevey2i,, ( 1 ), (3 5 a),, 2. 2 (1 a) ( 1, 2 3),, 1, 10. 9% ( 1), 2 D eevey F ig. 2 D eevey survivo rsh ip of Chang ium smy rnioid es population (P < 0101), ;,,
1 190 24 H abita types 1 Table 1 Surv ivorship of Chang ium smyrn ioides seedling in f ields Seedling num bers gm 2 1a Seedling num bers after one year gm 2 L ivability (% ) + H um us so il+ V egetation reserved 16 2. 5 2. 1 15. 6 + H um us so il+ V egetation removed 16 0. 5 0. 7 3. 1 + Sand so il+ V egetation reserved 16 3. 0 0 18. 8 + Sand so il+ V egetation removed 16 1. 0 0 6. 0 5 15 a ( 2, 3), 2 15 20 a (K = Table 2 Fecundity schedule of Chang ium smyrn ioides population 111331, 112432), 30 50 a 3 ( I J i m i J 3 i m i J 3 i m 3 i I Population 3 ), 3 K 116094, 116864 1 1 0. 00 0. 0000 0. 00 017731 Chang ium 5 0. 170 0. 34 0. 0580 0. 29 2. 3 smy rnioides 10 0. 165 0. 24 0. 0390 0. 39 population 15 0. 149 0. 51 0. 0760 1. 14 fo r N angaofeng 20 0. 059 0. 36 0. 0210 0. 42 [8, 10 ] 1 5 a 15 30 a 25 0. 019 0. 16 0. 0030 0. 08 ( 3), 30 0. 016 0. 33 0. 0050 0. 15, ( 4), ( 2) 3 F ig. 3 Killing pow ers of Chang ium smy rn ioid es population 4 F ig. 4 A ge structure of Chang ium smy rn ioid es population 35 0. 011 0. 21 0. 0020 0. 07 40 0. 005 0. 52 0. 0030 0. 12 45 0. 001 0. 68 0. 0007 0. 03 50 0. 001 0. 00 0. 0000 0. 00 R 0= 0. 21 R p = - 0. 1218 Κ= 0. 8853 T = 12. 81 (a) 1 1 0. 00 0. 0000 0. 0000 Chang ium 5 0. 110 0. 34 0. 0374 0. 1870 smy rnioides 10 0. 108 0. 24 0. 0259 0. 2592 population 15 0. 094 0. 51 0. 0479 0. 7191 fo r W enjiashan 20 0. 057 0. 36 0. 0205 0. 4104 25 0. 057 0. 16 0. 0091 0. 2280 30 0. 027 0. 33 0. 0089 0. 2673 35 0. 005 0. 21 0. 0011 0. 0368 40 0. 001 0. 52 0. 0005 0. 0208 45 0. 001 0. 68 0. 0007 0. 0306 50 0. 001 0. 00 0. 0000 0. 0000 R 0= 0. 152 R p = - 0. 1421 Κ= 0. 8676 T = 13. 26 (a) 1 1 0. 00 0. 0000 0. 0000 Chang ium 5 0. 195 0. 34 0. 0663 0. 3315 smy rnioides 10 0. 177 0. 39 0. 0691 0. 4248 population 15 0. 104 0. 51 0. 0531 0. 7956 fo r Yuhuangshan 20 0. 03 0. 52 0. 0156 0. 2161 25 0. 016 0. 41 0. 0066 0. 0640 30 0. 013 0. 47 0. 0061 0. 1287 35 0. 013 0. 41 0. 0053 0. 0956 40 0. 006 0. 52 0. 0031 0. 1248 45 0. 004 0. 61 0. 0024 0. 1224 50 0. 004 0. 00 0. 0000 0. 0000 R 0= 0. 23 R p = - 0. 1497 Κ= 0. 8609 T = 10. 02 (a) R 0 N et rep roductive rate; R p Instantaneous rate of increase; Κ F inite rate of increase; T Generation span 2. 4, 136, [1 ], ( 3),, ;,
6 : 1191 [15 ], [8, 17 ] ( 2) R p = - 011218, - 011421, - 011497, ; R 0= 0121, 0153, 0123, 1, ; (T = 12181a, 12126a, 10102a); Κ= 018853, 018676, 018609, 3 Table 3 Seed germ ination of Chang ium smyrn ioides under differen t condition s H abitat D eciduous broadleved fo rest Bam boo grove L abo rato ry (% ) (% ) So il w ater So il types Germ ination content H um us so il Yellow so il 1,,, 31. 3 4. 3 0 0 16. 4 3. 3 39. 1 8. 5 Sand 10. 2 4. 5 64. 8 10. 1 (m i ), m i= 11678, ( 5), m i 1. 678, 2. 5 L eslie [14 ] L eslie, 10 [18 ] L eslie, 5 a, 30 a L eslie ( 4) : A = 0 0. 34 0. 23 0. 4 0. 29 0. 13 0. 14 0. 03 0. 07 0. 68 0 0. 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4, 110 g100 m 2 30 a 43 g100 m 2, 3g4,, L eslie,, 3,, [11, 19 ],,, [3 ], 3 5 [15 ], [16 ] ;, [3 ], 5, (A nth riscus sy lvestris) F ig. 5 Relationsh ip betw een increase rate of population and m ean offsp ring num ber,,,
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