Some properties of semi-tensor bundle

Σχετικά έγγραφα
Note on the cross-section in the semi-tensor bundle

2 Composition. Invertible Mappings

EE512: Error Control Coding

Example Sheet 3 Solutions

Congruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2

Every set of first-order formulas is equivalent to an independent set

Chapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential. be continuous functions on the interval

Ordinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit

Phys460.nb Solution for the t-dependent Schrodinger s equation How did we find the solution? (not required)

Homomorphism in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Automata

SCITECH Volume 13, Issue 2 RESEARCH ORGANISATION Published online: March 29, 2018

derivation of the Laplacian from rectangular to spherical coordinates

On a four-dimensional hyperbolic manifold with finite volume

Reminders: linear functions

6.1. Dirac Equation. Hamiltonian. Dirac Eq.

Lecture 2: Dirac notation and a review of linear algebra Read Sakurai chapter 1, Baym chatper 3

Second Order Partial Differential Equations

Chapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential. be continuous functions on the interval

Generating Set of the Complete Semigroups of Binary Relations

Coefficient Inequalities for a New Subclass of K-uniformly Convex Functions

Practice Exam 2. Conceptual Questions. 1. State a Basic identity and then verify it. (a) Identity: Solution: One identity is csc(θ) = 1

b. Use the parametrization from (a) to compute the area of S a as S a ds. Be sure to substitute for ds!

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES G11LMA Linear Mathematics Examination Solutions

( y) Partial Differential Equations

Partial Differential Equations in Biology The boundary element method. March 26, 2013

Fourier Series. MATH 211, Calculus II. J. Robert Buchanan. Spring Department of Mathematics

Homework 8 Model Solution Section

CRASH COURSE IN PRECALCULUS

3.4 SUM AND DIFFERENCE FORMULAS. NOTE: cos(α+β) cos α + cos β cos(α-β) cos α -cos β

Spherical Coordinates

DIRECT PRODUCT AND WREATH PRODUCT OF TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUPS

Matrices and Determinants

Other Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests

Commutative Monoids in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

GÖKHAN ÇUVALCIOĞLU, KRASSIMIR T. ATANASSOV, AND SINEM TARSUSLU(YILMAZ)

A summation formula ramified with hypergeometric function and involving recurrence relation

SOLUTIONS TO MATH38181 EXTREME VALUES AND FINANCIAL RISK EXAM

A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy. Equivalence Relation

Section 8.3 Trigonometric Equations

4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(1,1)

C.S. 430 Assignment 6, Sample Solutions

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates

Parametrized Surfaces

Statistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests

Exercise 1.1. Verify that if we apply GS to the coordinate basis Gauss form ds 2 = E(u, v)du 2 + 2F (u, v)dudv + G(u, v)dv 2

λρ-calculus 1. each λ-variable is a λρ-term, called an atom or atomic term; 2. if M and N are λρ-term then (MN) is a λρ-term called an application;

Homomorphism of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Groups

SOME PROPERTIES OF FUZZY REAL NUMBERS

SOME INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY MODAL OPERATORS OVER INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY IDEALS AND GROUPS

SPECIAL FUNCTIONS and POLYNOMIALS

ANSWERSHEET (TOPIC = DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS) COLLECTION #2. h 0 h h 0 h h 0 ( ) g k = g 0 + g 1 + g g 2009 =?

Fractional Colorings and Zykov Products of graphs

The k-α-exponential Function

EE101: Resonance in RLC circuits

Math221: HW# 1 solutions

A General Note on δ-quasi Monotone and Increasing Sequence

ST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II

Lecture 15 - Root System Axiomatics

k A = [k, k]( )[a 1, a 2 ] = [ka 1,ka 2 ] 4For the division of two intervals of confidence in R +

PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN INTEGRAL OPERATORS. a n z n (1.1)

Homework 3 Solutions

Areas and Lengths in Polar Coordinates

Math 446 Homework 3 Solutions. (1). (i): Reverse triangle inequality for metrics: Let (X, d) be a metric space and let x, y, z X.

ENGR 691/692 Section 66 (Fall 06): Machine Learning Assigned: August 30 Homework 1: Bayesian Decision Theory (solutions) Due: September 13

THE SECOND ISOMORPHISM THEOREM ON ORDERED SET UNDER ANTIORDERS. Daniel A. Romano

Uniform Convergence of Fourier Series Michael Taylor

Nowhere-zero flows Let be a digraph, Abelian group. A Γ-circulation in is a mapping : such that, where, and : tail in X, head in

Problem Set 3: Solutions

Finite Field Problems: Solutions

Lecture 13 - Root Space Decomposition II

Smarandache Curves According to Bishop Frame in Euclidean 3-Space

Econ 2110: Fall 2008 Suggested Solutions to Problem Set 8 questions or comments to Dan Fetter 1

1 String with massive end-points

ECE Spring Prof. David R. Jackson ECE Dept. Notes 2

SOLVING CUBICS AND QUARTICS BY RADICALS

Jesse Maassen and Mark Lundstrom Purdue University November 25, 2013

Approximation of distance between locations on earth given by latitude and longitude

Απόκριση σε Μοναδιαία Ωστική Δύναμη (Unit Impulse) Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο. Απόστολος Σ.

Tridiagonal matrices. Gérard MEURANT. October, 2008

Trigonometric Formula Sheet

1. (a) (5 points) Find the unit tangent and unit normal vectors T and N to the curve. r(t) = 3cost, 4t, 3sint

The challenges of non-stable predicates

Appendix A. Curvilinear coordinates. A.1 Lamé coefficients. Consider set of equations. ξ i = ξ i (x 1,x 2,x 3 ), i = 1,2,3

HOMEWORK 4 = G. In order to plot the stress versus the stretch we define a normalized stretch:

Lecture 2. Soundness and completeness of propositional logic

Numerical Analysis FMN011

10/3/ revolution = 360 = 2 π radians = = x. 2π = x = 360 = : Measures of Angles and Rotations

Inverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations

Appendix to On the stability of a compressible axisymmetric rotating flow in a pipe. By Z. Rusak & J. H. Lee

Section 9.2 Polar Equations and Graphs

TMA4115 Matematikk 3

D Alembert s Solution to the Wave Equation

arxiv: v1 [math.ra] 19 Dec 2017

Strain gauge and rosettes

CHAPTER 101 FOURIER SERIES FOR PERIODIC FUNCTIONS OF PERIOD

Exercises 10. Find a fundamental matrix of the given system of equations. Also find the fundamental matrix Φ(t) satisfying Φ(0) = I. 1.

Integrals in cylindrical, spherical coordinates (Sect. 15.7)

Solutions to Exercise Sheet 5

n=2 In the present paper, we introduce and investigate the following two more generalized

Higher Derivative Gravity Theories

Transcript:

NTMSCI 6, No. 3, 147-153 218 147 New Trends in Mathematical Sciences htt://dx.doi.org/1.2852/ntmsci.218.33 Some roerties of semi-tensor undle Murat Polat and Nejmi Cengiz Deartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey Received: 19 January 218, Acceted: 1 June 218 Pulished online: 1 August 218. Astract: Using the fier undle M over a manifold B, we define a semi-tensor ull-ack undle tb of tye,. The resent aer is devoted to some results concerning with the vertical and comlete lifts of some tensor fields from manifold B to its semi-tensor undle tb of tye,. Keywords: Vector field, comlete lift, ull-ack undle, semi-tensor undle. 1 Introduction Let M n e an n-dimensional differentiale manifold of class C and π 1 : M n B m the differentiale undle determined y a sumersion π 1. Suose thatx i =x a,x α, a,,...= 1,...,n m;α,,...=n m+1,...,n;i, j,...=1,2,...,n is a system of local coordinates adated to the undle π 1 : M n B m, where x α are coordinates in B m, and x a are fier coordinates of the undle π 1 : M n B m. If x i =x a,x α is another system of local adated coordinates in the undle, then we have [14] { x a = x a x,x, x α = x α x 1. The Jacoian of 1 has comonents where x i A i j = x j = A α A a = xα x. Aa A α Let T x B mx=π 1 x, x=x a,x α M n e the tensor sace at a oint x B m with local coordinatesx 1,...,x m, we have the holonomous frame field x i 1 x i 2... x i dx j 1 dx j 2... dx j, for i {1,...,m}, j {1,...,m}, over U B m of this tensor undle, and for any,-tensor field t we have [[4],.163]: t U = t i 1...i j 1... j x i 1 x i 2... x i dx j 1 dx j 2... dx j, then y definition the set of all ointsx I =x a,x α,x α, x α = t i 1...i j 1... j,α=α+ m +,I,J,...=1,...,n+m + is a semi-tensor undle t B m over the manifold M n [14]. The semi-tensor undle t B m has the natural undle structure over B m, its, Corresonding author e-mail: murat sel 22@hotmail.com c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology

148 M. Polat and N. Cengiz: Some roerties of semi-tensor undle undle rojection π : t B m B m eing defined y π :x a,x α,x α x α. If we introduce a maing π 2 : t B m M n y π 2 :x a,x α,x α x a,x α, then t B m has a undle structure over M n. It is easily verified that π = π 1 π 2 [14]. On the other hand, let ε = π : E B denote a fier undle with fier F. Given a manifold B and a ma f : B B, one can construct in a natural way a undle over B with the same fier: Consider the suset f E = {,e B E f = πe } together with the susace toology from B E, and denote y π 1 : f E B, π 2 : f E E the rojections. f ε = π 1 : f E B is a fier undle with fier F, called the ull-ack undle of ε via f [[3], [5], [8], [1], [14]]. From the aove definition it follows that the semi-tensor undle tb m,π 2 is a ull-ack undle of the tensor undle over B m y π 1 see, for examle [12], [14]. In other words, the semi-tensor undle induced or ull-ack undle of the tensor undle T B m, π,b m is the undle t B m,π 2,M n over M n with a total sace tb m = { x a,x α,x α M n T x B m : π 1 x a,x α = π x α,x α =x α } M n T x B m.to a transformation 1 of local coordinates of M n, there corresonds on tb m the coordinate transformation The Jacoian of 2 is given y [14]: x a = x a x,x, x α = x α x, x α = t 1... α 1 =...α A 1... α 1...α A 1... α 1...α tα 1...α = A α A α x. Ā= A I J = A a A α t α σ A α Aσ α A α A α where I =a,α,α, J =,,, I,J...=1,...,n+m +, t α σ = tα 1...α σ 1...σ, A α = xα x. It is easily verified that the condition DetĀ is euivalent to the condition: DetA a,detaα,deta α A α. 2, 3 Also, dimt B m =n+m +. In the secial case n=m, t B m is a tensor undle T B m [[6],.118]. In the secial case, the semi-tensor undles t 1 B m =1, = and t 1 B m =, =1 are semi-tangent and semi-cotangent undles, resectively. We note that semi-tangent and semi-cotangent undle were examined in [[1], [7], [9]] and [[11], [13], [15], [16]], resectively. Also, Fattaev studied the secial class of semi-tensor undle [2]. We denote y I t B m and I B m the modules over F t B m and FB m of all tensor fields of tye, on t B m and B m resectively, where F t B m and FB m denote the rings of real-valued C functions on t B m and B m, resectively. 2 Some lifts of tensor fields and γ oerator Let X I 1 M n e a rojectale vector field [9] with rojection X = X α x α α i.e. X = X a x a,x α a + X α x α α. On utting cc X X cc X = cc X = X, 4 cc X tα 1...ε...α ε X λ tα 1...α 1...ε... µ X ε c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology

NTMSCI 6, No. 3, 147-153 218 / www.ntmsci.com 149 we easily see that cc X = Ā cc X. The vector field cc X is called the comlete lift of X to the semi-tensor undle tb m [14]. Now, consider A I B m and ϕ I 1 1 B m, then vv A I 1 t B m vertical lift, γϕ I 1 t B m and γϕ I 1 t B m have resectively, comonents on the semi-tensor undle t B m [14] vv A= A α 1...α,γϕ = tα 1...ε...α ϕ α λ ε, γϕ = tα 1...α 1...ε... ϕ ε µ 5 with resect to the coordinatesx a,x α,x α on t B m, where A α 1...α, ϕ α λ ε and ϕ ε µ are local comonents of A and ϕ. On the other hand, vv f the vertical lift of function f I B m on t B m is defined y [14]: vv f = v f π 2 = f π 1 π 2 = f π. 6 Theorem 1. For any vector fields X, Ỹ on M n and f I B m, we have i cc X+Ỹ= cc X+ cc Ỹ, ii cc X vv f = vv X f. Proof. i This immediately follows from 4. ii Let X I 1 M n. Then we get y 4 and 6: cc X vv f = cc X I I vv f= cc X a a vv f + cc X α α vv f+ cc X α α vv f = X α α vv f= vv X f, which gives ii of Theorem 1. Theorem 2. If ϕ I 1 1 B m, f I B m and A I B m, then i vv A vv f =, ii γϕ vv f=, iii γϕ vv f=. Proof. i If A I B m, then, y 5 and 6, we find vv A vv f = vv A I I vv f= vv A a a vv f + vv A α α vv f+ vv A α α vv f =. Thus, we have i of Theorem 2. ii If ϕ I 1 1 B m, then we have y 5 and 6: γϕ vv f=γϕ I I vv f=γϕ a a vv f +γϕ α α vv f+γϕ α α vv f =. Thus, we have ii of Theorem 2. iii If ϕ I 1 1 B m, then we have y 5 and 6: γϕ vv f= γϕ I I vv f= γϕ a a vv f + γϕ α α vv f+ γϕ α α vv f =. c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology

15 M. Polat and N. Cengiz: Some roerties of semi-tensor undle Thus, we have iii of Theorem 2. Theorem 3. Let A,B I B m. For the Lie roduct, we have [ vv A, vv B]=. [ vv A, vv B] Proof. If A,B IB m and [ vv A, vv B] are comonents of [ vv A, vv B] J with resect to the coordinatesx,x,x on [ vv A, vv B] tb m, then we have [ vv A, vv B] J = vv A I I vv B J vv B I I vv A J = vv A a a vv B J + vv A α α vv B J + vv A α α vv B J vv B a a vv A J vv B α α vv A J vv B α α vv A J = A α 1...α α vv B J B α 1...α α vv A J. Firstly, if J =, we have y virtue of 5. Secondly, if J =, we have y virtue of 5. Thirdly, if J =, then we have [ vv A, vv B] = A α 1...α α vv B [ vv A, vv B] = A α 1...α α vv B B α 1...α α vv A B α 1...α =, α vv A =, [ vv A, vv B] = A α 1...α α vv B B α 1...α α vv A = A α 1...α α B 1... θ 1...θ y virtue of 5. Thus, we have Theorem 3. B α 1...α α A 1... θ 1...θ = Theorem 4. Let X and Ỹ e rojectale vector fields on M n with rojections X and Y on B m, resectively. For the Lie roduct, we have [ cc X, cc Ỹ]= cc [ X,Ỹ]i.e.L cc cc XỸ =cc L XỸ. [ cc X, cc Ỹ] Proof. If X and Ỹ are rojectale vector fields on M n with rojection X,Y I 1 B m and [ cc X, cc Ỹ] are comonents [ cc X, cc Ỹ] of[ cc X, cc Ỹ] J with resect to the coordinatesx,x,x on tb m, then we have [ cc X, cc Ỹ] J = cc X I I cc Ỹ J cc Ỹ I I cc X J. c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology

NTMSCI 6, No. 3, 147-153 218 / www.ntmsci.com 151 Firstly, if J =, we have [ cc X, cc Ỹ] = cc X I I cc Ỹ cc Ỹ I I cc X = cc X a a cc Ỹ + cc X α α cc Ỹ + cc X α α cc Ỹ cc Ỹ a a cc X cc Ỹ α α cc X cc Ỹ α α cc X = cc X α α cc Y cc Y α α cc X = X α α Ỹ Y α α X = [X,Y] y virtue of 4. Secondly, if J =, we have [ cc X, cc Ỹ] = cc X I I cc Ỹ cc Ỹ I I cc X = cc X a a cc Ỹ + cc X α α cc Ỹ + cc X α α cc Ỹ cc Ỹ a a cc X cc Ỹ α α cc X cc Ỹ α α cc X = cc X α α cc Ỹ cc Ỹ α α cc X = X α α Y Y α α X =[X,Y] y virtue of 4. Thirdly, if J =, then we have [ cc X, cc Ỹ] = cc X I I cc Ỹ cc Ỹ I I cc X = cc X a a cc Ỹ + cc X α α cc Ỹ + cc X α α cc Ỹ cc Ỹ a a cc X cc Ỹ α α cc X cc Ỹ α α cc X = X α α + Y α α = X α α + t α 1...ε...α t α 1...ε...α t α 1...ε...α ε Y λ ε X α λ t α 1...ε...α t α 1...ε...α t α 1...ε...α t α 1...ε...α ε Y α λ t α 1...α ε X λ t α 1...α 1...ε... µ Y ε 1...γ... αµ X γ α t α 1...α ε Y λ X α α ε X α λ α ε Y α λ α t α 1...α 1...ε... µ X ε 1...ε... µ Y ε α t α 1...σ...α δα σ λ t α 1...σ...α δα σ λ t α 1...σ...α t α 1...σ...α t α 1...α 1...ε... µ Y ε σ Y λ Y α α σ X λ + σ Y λ σ X λ t α 1...ε...α t α 1...α 1...γ... µ Y γ t α 1...α 1...γ... µ X γ ε X λ+y α α t α 1...α 1...ε... αµ X ε α t α 1...α 1...γ... δ α γ µ Y γ tα 1...α 1...ε... αµ Xε µ Y α t α 1...α 1...ε... µ X ε c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology

152 M. Polat and N. Cengiz: Some roerties of semi-tensor undle = = t α 1...α 1...ε... αµ Y ε α t α 1...α 1...γ... δ α γ µ X γ tα 1...α 1...ε... αµ Y ε µ X α t α 1...ε...α ε X σ t α 1...ε...α t α 1...ε...α σ Y λ + t α 1...ε...α X α α ε Y λ t α 1...ε...α ε Y σ σ X λ Y α α ε X λ + t α 1...α 1...ε... X α αµ µ Y ε + µ Y α αµ X ε +Y α αµ µ X ε µ X α αµ Y ε tα 1...α 1...ε... µ X α αµ Y ε Y α αµ X ε [X,Y] ε ε [X,Y] λ t α 1...α 1...ε... µ [X,Y] ε y virtue of 4. On the other hand, we know that cc [X,Y] have comonents [X,Y] [X,Y]= [X,Y] cc tα 1...ε...α ε [X,Y] λ tα 1...α 1...ε... µ [X,Y] ε with resect to the coordinatesx,x,x on t B m. Thus Theorem 4 is roved. 3 Acknowledgment The authors would like to thanks the referees for useful and imroving comments. Cometing interests The authors declare that they have no cometing interests. Authors contriutions All authors have contriuted to all arts of the article. All authors read and aroved the final manuscrit. References [1] T.V. Duc, Structure resue-transverse. J. Diff. Geom., 14 1979, no. 2, 215-219. [2] H. Fattaev, The Lifts of Vector Fields to the Semitensor Bundle of the Tye 2,, Journal of Qafaz University, 25 29, no. 1, 136-14. [3] D. Husemoller, Fire Bundles. Sringer, New York, 1994. [4] V. Ivancevic and T. Ivancevic, Alied Differential Geometry, A Modern Introduction, World Scientific, Singaore, 27. [5] H.B. Lawson and M.L. Michelsohn, Sin Geometry. Princeton University Press., Princeton, 1989. [6] A. Salimov, Tensor Oerators and their Alications. Nova Science Pul., New York, 213. c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology

NTMSCI 6, No. 3, 147-153 218 / www.ntmsci.com 153 [7] A. A. Salimov and E. Kadıoğlu, Lifts of derivations to the semitangent undle, Turk J. Math. 24 2, no. 3, 259-266. [8] N. Steenrod, The Toology of Fire Bundles. Princeton University Press., Princeton, 1951. [9] V. V. Vishnevskii, Integrale affinor structures and their lural interretations. Geometry, 7.J. Math. Sci. New York 18 22, no. 2, 151-187. [1] G. Walscha, Metric Structures in Differential Geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Sringer-Verlag, New York, 24. [11] F. Yıldırım, On a secial class of semi-cotangent undle, Proc. Inst. Math. Mech. Natl. Acad. Sci. Azer., 41 215, no. 1, 25-38. [12] F. Yıldırım, A ull-back undle of tensor undles defined y rojection of the tangent undle, Ordu University Journal of Science and Technology, 7 217, no. 2, 353-366. [13] F. Yıldırım, Comlete lift of a tensor field of tye 1,2 to semi-cotangent undle, New Trends in Mathematical Sciences, 5 217, no. 4, 261-27. [14] F. Yıldırım, Note on the cross-section in the semi-tensor undle, New Trends in Mathematical Sciences, 5 217, no. 2, 212-221. [15] F. Yildirim, M.B. Asl, F. Jarailzade, Vector and affinor fields on cross-sections in the semi-cotangent undle, Proc. Inst. Math. Mech. Natl. Acad. Sci. Azer., 43 217, no. 2, 35-315. [16] F. Yıldırım and A. Salimov, Semi-cotangent undle and rolems of lifts. Turk J Math, 38 214, no.2, 325-339. c 218 BISKA Bilisim Technology