55 5 2000 9 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 55, N o. 5 Sep., 2000 : 037525444 (2000) 0520587209, (, 510070) : 60,, 3 5 2 6 5, (5 9 ), (3 4 ), (2 3 ), (1 2 )(214 517 ), : ; ; : P53416; P467: A, (75 000 64 000 abp, Q 3 2-1 ), (64 000 32 000 abp, Q 3 2-2 ), ( 32 000 12 000 abp, Q 3 3 ), 22 000 15 000 abp,, 2, 7 10 ; ( ), 5 7,, 1, 24 N,, TN TC T S ST S ( ) 1 F ig11 T rop ical zone at p resent in Ch ina : 2000205215; : 2000207208 : (49771010) [ Foundation Item: N ational N atural Science Foundation of China, N o149771010 ] : (19352 ),,, E2m ail: zw q@adsti- b21gis1sti1gd1cn
588 55 2 F ig12 T he no rth and south lim its of no rthern trop ical zone at p resent in Ch ina 6 8 N,,, ( 1) 2,, ( 3) 111, 23 N 18 N 1, 14, [1 ] 8 2011 2310, 23 24, 27, 24 19 20 ( 3), STN ST S TN TC T S 1 14 ( 1) ( ) 3 F ig13 L ocation of trop ical zone during the last glacial m axim um in Ch ina
5 : 589 17 954 2 18 O - 114, - 310 [2 ] 18 O 18 O 1, 116, 215, KSO 1,, g 412%, g 816%, g 24% [3 ] 17 964, 26 000 16 000 abp,, 1 800 m 1 300 m, 3 [4 ] 112, ( 4) 1 Ξ Tab11 Sea surface paleotemperature of the South Ch ina Sea at the last glac ial max imum g g 1 RC26216 1815 415 515 2 17940 1710 610 710 3 V 3623 1610 710 810 4 V 3625 1713 517 617 5 SO 492KL 2015 215 315 6 N 204 2015 215 315 7 GGC211 2117 213 513 8 GGC213 2210 210 510 9 GGC26 2011 319 619 10 GGC24 2015 315 615 11 N S88211 2210 210 510 12 RC122350 2212 118 418 13 N S86243 2310 110 410 14 SCS212 2111 219 519 Ξ [ 1 ] 4 F ig14 L ocations of the no rthern trop ical and southern subtrop ical during the last glacial m axim um in Ch ina 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 191 201 211 221 231 241 251 261 271 281 291 301 311 321
590 55 6 1610 2015 ( 1), ( 15 17, 17 19 ) Q 4, 22 900 20 600 abp 14 700 13 900 abp,, [5 ] 17 940 ( 1 2 ), 25 300 15 000 abp ; 1513%, 517% [4 ], RC226216 ( 1), 14 970 abp, 11 690 abp 45%, [6 ] 5SL, Globo ro talia crassafo rm is 21 000 abp, 3515, 3416,, [7 ] (14 900 11 500 abp) [8 ], 22 505 20 745 abp,, 4 [9 ], 16 000 13 400 abp,, (24 470 abp) ;, 500m, 3 10 642 abp,,, [10 ], 20 650 11 870 abp,,, 115 315, 500 mm, [11 ] 113 29 N (),, 28 000 25 000 abp, 800 1 000 m, 3 5, 16 19,, 29 290 16 330 abp, [12 ],,,, 2 78%, 1814, 4, [13 ], 20 490 abp (25 140 23 170 abp),, (22 100 abp) ; (14 600 abp) [8 ],, 0198 ( ), 4116 ( ), 18 000 15 000 abp., 1986.
5 : 591, 17 883 abp, 10% 3 100 m, (2 800 m ), 118, (1415 ), [14 ], 16 690 abp,, 3 000 m, 2 400 m, 315, 1418, [15 ] 18 (24 6 N ),, 23 N 18 N, 016 g1, 3 24 N 22 N ( 4), ( 4), 2 29 N 23 N, 4,, 2 000 m,, 4 000 m,, ( ) 2 (98 E), (122 E), 24 105 E,,,, 1 500 2 000 mm,,,,, 1 000 1 500 mm, 1 500 2 000 m, ; 200 500 m, : 211,, 5 9 [16 ] 34 000 abp, 8 975 abp,, 7 (26 000 18 000 abp) 25 35 N 20 N, 4 mm ga, 3 997 m18 000 abp, 3 200 m [17 ] 4 300 m, 616 212, 23 24, 1, 417 517 ; 24 27, 214 314,, 2816 2818, 2710, 116 118 ; 2813 2910, 2716, 017 114, 3, 22 265 16 630 abp, (1 2 ),,, 1g5,, 1,, 1 1815, 6 2015 ; 7 2117, 13
592 55 2310, 213,,, 25 000 12 000 abp 70% 90%, [18 ] 18 O 13 C, 18 700 abp 1811, 20, 2 [19 ] 214, 105 115 E ( 260 m ), 14 720 13 360 abp, 80%, 1 300 1 700 m, 6, [20 ] 18 O 13 C, 16 200 abp, 4, 19, [21 ] 33 000 abp,, 5 10 [22 ] 17,, 32 000 20 537 abp, ; 18 610 18 190 abp,,, 40 000 abp, 28 000 25 000 abp [23 ], 20 m, 5 14 m, 21 000 15 000 abp; 25 m 2 4 m 16 720 abp,,,,,,, 22 540 20 070 abp,,, (15 900 abp)(13 800 abp) 18 000 13 000 abp,, ( 0175), ( 0163) [24 ] 215,, 115 315 (3 800 m ) (3 810 m ) 4 000 m,, 112 17 883 abp [25 ] 700 1 300 m, 15 21, 1 900 2 600 mm25 300 17 290 abp,, [26 ], ;, ;,,,,, 3, 6 [4 ],,,,, ;,,,,,
5 : 593,,,, (References) : [ 1 ] W ang P inxian, W ang L uejiang. Sea surface circulation and paleo temperature of the South Ch ina Sea at the last glaciation[a ]. In: Ye Zhizheng. L ate Q uaternary Paleoceanography of the South China Sea [C ]. Q ingdao: O cean U niversity P ress, 1992. 56265. ( In Ch inese) [,. [A ]. :. [C ]. :, 1992. 56265. ] [2 ] H uang Baoqi. Co rrelation betw een fo ram iniferal fragm entation and oxygen iso tope in deep2w ater sedim ents of w estern South Ch ina Sea[J ]. Q uaternary S ciences, 1998 (4): 27., 1998 (4): 27. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]. [3 ] Zhao Yunyun. T he impagidinium from late P leistocene to Ho locene in the South Ch ina Sea [J ]. A cta M icrop alaeontolog ica S inica, 1992, 9 (3): 2912302. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1992, 9 (3): 2912302. ] [4 ] Sun X iangjun, Chen Xudong, L uo Yunli et al. A n insigh t into paleovegetation on the em erged shelf at the last glaciation: po llen data of the South Ch ina Sea[J ]. A cta B otanica S inica, 1999, 41 (9): 1 01621 023. [J ]., 1999, 41 (9): 1 01621 023. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [5 ] L u Houyuan, Guo Zhengtang, W u N aiqin. Paleomonsoon and H einrich event from paleonto logy in L oess p lateau and the shelf of the South Ch ina Sea[J ]. Q uaternary S ciences, 1996 (1): 12217. H einrich [J ]., 1996 (1): 12217. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [ 6 ] D uan W eiw u. Calcareous nannofo ssils from two deep2sea co res in the no rthern South Ch ina Sea [J ]. A cta M icrop alaeontolog ica S inica, 1985, 2 (1): 922102. 102. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1985, 2 (1): 922 [ 7 ] Q ian J inxin, Zeng Chengkai. A new evidence of paleonto logy and litho logy in the sedim entary co re of the South Ch ina Sea[J ]. S cience in Ch ina (S eries B ), 1993, 23 (1): 85291. (B ), 1993, 23 (1): 85291. ] ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]. [8 ] Chen Shuixia, W ang J iangke, Zhong Yuem ing et al. Study on the am ino acid ages of fo ssils teeth and m ixed2depo sition phenom enon in som e caves[j ]. A cta S cientiarum N atu ralium U niversitatis S uny atseni, 1995, 34 (3): 89294. ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]. ( ), 1995, 34 (3): 89294. ] [ 9 ] Zheng Zhuo, L ei Zuoqi. Paleoflo ra and paleoeco logy during the last 400, 000 years in the vo lcanic terrace of the L eizhou Peninsula [J ]. S upp lem ent to the J ou rnal S uny atsen U niversity, 1992: 1472160. ( In Ch inese) [,. 40 [J ]., 1992: 1472160. ] [ 10 ] J i Hongxiang. Paleoclim atic fluctuations and m amm als in the Ho locene m egatherm al in Ch ina [J ]. M arine Geoeogy and Q uaternary Geology, 1996, 16 (1): 5216. 16 (1): 5216. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1996, [11 ] T ang L ingyu. Paleoflo ra and paleoclim ate during the last 40, 000 years in M enghai region of Yunnan [J ]. A cta M icrop aleontolog ica S inica, 1992, 9 (4): 4332455. 4332455. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1992, 9 (4): [ 12 ] Chen W enrui. C lim ate environm ent evo lution from the late Q uaternary spo ropo llen analysis in J iulongjiang estuarine p lain [J ]. J ou rnal of O ceanog rap hy in T aiw an S trait, 1998, 17 (1): 35242. [J ]., 1998, 17 (1): 35242. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [ 13 ] Yim W S. Paleoenvironm ent and sedim entary of the late Q uaternary in Hong Kong[J ]. S ou th Ch ina S eism olog ical J ou rnal, 1988, 8 (3): 39251. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1988, 8 (3): 39251. ] [ 14 ] W u Yushu, Chen Yinshuo, X iao J iayi. A p relim inary study on vegetation and clim ate changes in D ianch i lake area in the last 40, 000 years[j ]. A cta B otanica S inica, 1991, 33 (6): 4502458. [J ]., 1991, 33 (6): 4502458. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,.
594 55 [15 ] Q in Yong. Paleovegetation, palaeoclim ate and paleoenvironm ent from the late P leistocene spo ropo llen analysis in T engchong basin, Yunnan [J ]. M arine Geology and Q uaternary Geology, 1992, 12 (1): 1092117. [J ]., 1992, 12 (1): 1092117. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [16 ] T sukada M. V egetation in subtrop ical Fo rmo sa during the P leistocene glaciation and the Ho locene [ J ]. P alaeog eog rap hy P alaeoclim atology P alaeoecology, 1967 (3): 49264. [ 17 ] Song Zhangqing, Zhao Chunian. D iscover of Q uaternary glacial rem ains and its significance in T aiw an p rovince, Ch ina[j ]. P rog ress in Geog rap hy, 1999, 18 (1): 95296. 1999, 18 (1): 95296. ] ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., [18 ] Zheng Fen. L ate Q uaternary palyno logical assem blage in Fuzhou p lain[j ]. T aiw an S trait, 1986, 5 (2): 1402147. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1986, 5 (2): 1402147. ] [19 ] Houg A sh i, Peng Zicheng, L i P ing et al. O n the paleo temperature during late Q uaternary from iso tope of the stalagm ite in T ian e cave of N inghua, Fujian[J ]. Geoch im ca, 1995, 24 (2): 1382143. [J ]., 1995, 24 (2): 1382143. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [ 20 ] X iao J iayi, W ang J ian, A n Zh isheng et al. Evidence fo r the Younger D ryas Event in the eastern part of N anling region [J ]. A cta B otanica S inica, 1998, 40 (11): 107921082., 1998, 40 (11): 107921082. ] ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]. [21 ] Zhang M eiliang, Yuan D aoxian, L in Yush i et al. A ges and paleoclim ate m eanings of a stalagm ite from X iangshui cave at Guanyang county, Guangxi[J ]. Carsolog ica S inica, 1998, 17 (4): 3112318. ( In Ch inese) [,,. [J ]., 1998, 17 (4): 3112318. ] [22 ] Guo Xudong. P relim inary study on Q uaternary clim ate in Ch ina[j ]. J ou rnal of G laciology and C ry op ed ology, 1984, 6 (1): 49259. ( In Ch inese) [.., 1984, 6 (1): 49259. ] [ 23 ] Zhang Yulan. T he po llen mo rpho logical characters of Sonneratia L. and its paleoenvironm ent m eanings in Ch ina[j ]. M arine Geology and Q uaternary Geology, 1997, 17 (2): 47250., 1997, 17 (2): 47250. ] ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]. [ 24 ] L u W ei, W u Bao lu. R emoval of paleoanth ropo logy and clim ate change during the late Q uaternary in Ch ina [J ]. A cta Geog rap h ica S inica, 1997, 52 (5): 3942402. 1997, 52 (5): 3942402. ] ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., [25 ] Zhang M aoheng, H uang Q iaohua. D iatom and environm ent evo lution during the late P leistocene in Caohai lake of Kunm ing [J ]. Y unnan Geog rap h ic E nv ironm ent R esearch, 1993, 5 (1): 55263. [J ].,, 1993, 5 (1): 55263. ] ( In Ch inese) [,. [ 26 ] Zheng Zhuo. D istribution of D acrydium in south Ch ina during the late Q uaternary[j ]. A cta B otanica S inica, 1991, 33 (2): 1302139. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1991, 33 (2): 1302139. ] The Sh if t of Trop ical Zone D ur ing The Last Glac ialm ax im um in Ch ina HUAN G Zhen2guo, ZHAN G W ei2qiang (Guang z hou Institu te of Geog rap hy, Guang z hou 510070, Ch ina) Abstract: A cco rd ing to p a leoenvironm en t ana lyses of abou t six ty sam p les includ ing spo ropo llen, oxygen iso tope, sedim en tary, diatom, nannofo ssil, m amm al, stalagm ite, co ral reef, glacial rem ain, etc., location changes of trop ical and sou thern sub trop ical zones du ring the last glacial m ax im um in Ch ina are discu ssed in th is papeṙ Comparing w ith p resen t lim its, the no rth lim it of cen tral trop ics moved sou thw ard by
5 : 595 five latitudes w ith an amp litude of drop in temperatu re of abou t 3. T he no rth lim it of no rthern trop ics moved sou thw ard by tw o latitudes and the drop in temperatu re w as less than 2. T he no rth lim it of sou thern sub trop ics experienced the largest moving distance and amp litude in temperatu re drop, being the six latitudes and fou r degress respectively. T he longitude zonal differen tiation is also obviou s. east to w esṫ F ive region s can be divided from T he largest amp litude of temperatu re drop is 5 9 in T aiw an Island, and the second is 3 4, occu rring in Guangdong, Guangx i and H ainan p rovinces. T he drop amp litude in w ater temperatu re of 214 517 in w in ter w as con siderab ly large in the Sou th Ch ina Sea bu t its summ er temperatu re w as sim ilar to that at p resen ṫ In sou tern Fu jian and eastern Guangdong the amp litude w as relative sm all, being 2 3, and the m in im um of 1 2 w as on ly found in sou thern Yunnan. T he paleoenvironm en tal condition s at that tim e tended to be mo re co ld and w et generally excep t sou thern Fu jian and Sou th Ch ina Sea w here the trend w as co ld and dry. T he drop in temperatu re in Ch ina s trop ical zones is a resu lt of the up lift of the T ibetan P lateau w ith an accelerated rate of 1118 1517 mm ga du ring the late P leistocene w h ich aggravated the w o rsen ing of clim ate du ring glacial period. Key words: L ast glacial m ax im um ; trop ical zone; Ch ina 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 : 822396BM 1153 : 8100 : 48100 : 99 : 100101 : (010) 6491443321304 : 64915713