55 2 2000 3 A CTA GEO GRA PH ICA S IN ICA V o l. 55, N o. 2 M ar., 2000 : 037525444 (2000) 0220243208 1, 1, 2 (11,, 200062; 21, 200002) :, 4,, 3,,,, : ; ; ; ; : P34315; P967 : A,, 80, 1, 2166 m, 4162 m,,, 29 10 3 m 3 gs, 924 10 8 m 3,, 5 10, 7117%, 11 4, 2813%,, 266 10 3 m 3 gs, 912, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, : 1999206202; : 1999210223 : (19492),, 1974, 20 E2m ail: h tshen@ sk lec1ecnu1edu1cn
244 55,,,,, 2 [ 1 ], 2 2,, 4 211 : (1),,,, ; (2),,, ; (3) 212,,,,,,,,,,, 1974 2 10 8 t [2 ], 1987 2 16 17, 148 10 4 t,,,,, :, ; (S4-5) (S6) (S7),, 1 (Clg 10-3 ) Ξ (198217) Tab11 Vertically averaged salin ity at the station s in the South and North Passage S4 S5 S6 S7 S1 S2 S3 0174 0136 0114 0105 0109 0116 0152 0144 0135 0112 0105 0107 0158 0137 1144 2104 0150 0133 0132 0167 1118 1139 1131 0165 0135 1115 1129 1154 Ξ :, ( ), 198819
2 : 245,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( 1) 1 a: S3 b: S5 F ig11 Changes of Ch lo rinity w ith velocity a: at ancho r station S3 in the N o rth passage b: at ancho r station S5 in the South passage 213 ( ),,,, ;,,,,, 214,,,,,,,,,,,
246 55,,, 3 311, 312 :, ;, ( 2) 2 F ig12 Curves of velocity and ch lo rinity during during tidal cycle a) b) a) influenced by saltw ater from N o rth B ranch b) uninfluenced by saltw ater from N o rth B ranch,,,, 3 :, ;, ;,, ;,, ( 3),,
2 : 247, 2019 10-3, 8185 10 23 6 10, 12 4,,,,, 100 10 26,,,, 50 10 26, 313 31311,,,, ;,,, 3 (19961318 29) F ig13 Sem imonth ly variations of ch lo rinity in the Changjiang estuary (19961318 29),, ( 2), 1996 3 11, 315 10-6 234 10-6 594 10-6, 279 10-6,, 2#, ;,,,,,,, 2#,,,, ( 3) ( 1978 1979 ), ( 1996 3 ),,,, 1996 3, 20 10 26 gkm, 70 10-6 gkm
248 55, 2 682 10-6,,,,,,,, 1, 1,,, 100 10-6 2 Ξ (Clg 10-6 ) Tab12 D istr ibution of chlor in ity along the South Channel-South Branch 198613111 12 62 67 160 261 198713115 16 157 182 291 788 19961317 38 52 Ξ Ξ 578 935 3 Ξ (Clg 10-6 ) Tab13 D istr ibution of the chlor in ity at station s in the south bank of Chong m ing island 2# 1996, 3, 8 ( ) 1242 400 837 1338 1996, 3, 13 ( ) 79 488 551 427 Ξ : Ξ Ξ., 1996. 31312, 3,, 50 10-6 ;,, 25%,, ; 3,,,,, 3,,, 250 10-6 4, 20 km, 200 10-6, 50 10-6,,,, 7215 km, 1156, 1 [3 ], 1985,, 13 10 6 m 3,, 200 10-6,, 200 10-6, :,.., 1981.
2 : 249 86 10 5 m 3,,, ( 250 10-6 ),,, 95% 97%,,, 20 km 8,, [4 ], 7,,,,, 217 913, 112 215,, 1987 31, 9 250 10-6,,,,,,,,,, [5 ], :,,,,,, 014 016,,,,,,, (References) [1 ] M ao Zh ichang, Shen H uanting. Study on type of saltw ater intrusion fo r tidal branch ing estuaries a case study on the Changjiang estuary [J ]. J ou rnal of E ast Ch ina N orm al U niversity, 1995 (3): 77 85. ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1995 (3): 77 85. ] [2 ] H an N aibin, L u Zhongyi. Study on the p rocesses and regulations of no rth branch in the Changjiang estuary[j ]. R enm in Changj iang, 1984 (3): 40 45. ( In Ch inese) [,. [J ]., 1984 (3): 40 45. ] [ 3 ] Shen H uanting, M ao Zh ichang, Gu Guozhuan et al. T he effect of South- to - N o rth w ater transfer on saltw ater intrusion in the,,.., 1996.
250 55 Changjiang estuary[a ]. In: Long- distance w ater transfer: a Chinese case study and international experiences[c ]. Published fo r the U nited N ations U niversity, 1983. 351 359. [4 ] H an N aibin. A nalysis of the ch lo rinity of South B ranch channel of the Changjiang estuary[j ]. J ou rnal of N anj ing H y d rau lic R esearch Institu te, 1983 (1): 74 81. ( In Ch inese) [. [J ]., 1983 (1): 74 81. ] [5 ] Shen H uanting, Yuan Zhendong, Zheng Yongbing et al. P rediction of how m any days it should no t be draw n w ater constantly from Yangtze R iver[j ]. M athem atics in p ractice and theory, 1997, 27 (3): 211 216. [J ]., 1997, 27 (3): 211 216. ] (in Ch inese) [,,. The Pattern of Saltwater In trud ing in to the Changj iang Estuary and the Utilization of Freshwater Resources M AO Zh i2chang 1, SH EN H uan2ting 1, XU Peng2ling 2 (11S tate K ey L aboratory of E stuarine and Coastal R esearch, Institu te of E stuarine and Coastal R esearch, E ast Ch ina N orm al U niversity, S hang hai 200062; 21S hang hai W ater W orks Corp oration, S hang hai 200002) Abstract: T he geom o rp h ic fea tu res of the Chang jiang estua ry a re cha racterized by the m u lti2o rder b ranch ing. T he saltw ater in tru sion has the fo llow ing fou r distinct fo rm s: d irect in t ru sion from the ou ter sea; sa ltw a ter exchange by shoa l p a ssages; sa ltw a ter dow n stream from o ther w aterw ays; saltw ater in tru sion by tidal flooding. T empo rtal changes in the salin ity of the Changjiang estuary have daily, sem imon th ly, seasonal and yearly variation. T here ex ists the sharp th ree dem arcation lines of salin ity gradien t along the Sou th B ranch- Sou th Channel. Tw o m ain p rob lem s had to be so lved befo re bu ilding reservo irs of avo ide saltw ater and sto re freshw ater in the Changjiang estuary. O ne is to calcu late the longest du ration that the ch lo rin ity exceeds 250 10 26 in the w ater resou rces area, w h ich is the criterion value fo r determ in ing the sto rage capacity of reservo irṡ M athem atical m ethods including the cybernetics, the frequecncy spected analysis and m athem atical modelling are adop ted here to get mo re co rrect tim es w hen the ch lo rin ity exceeds 250 10 26. A nd the o ther is to determ ine reasonab ly site of the pump ing station and the heigh t of w ater in take of w ater p um p s from the river bed. T he above p rob lem s can be so lved after understand ing the pattern of tempo ral and spatial variation of the saltw ater in tru sion in the Changjiang estua ry. T he above conclu sion s have p layed an impo rtan t ro le in fo rm ing the reservo ir schem e of the Bao shan lron and Steel P lan t, and supp lied basic data fo r selection of the po stion and sto rage capacity fo r the Chenhang reservo iṙ Key words: T idal b ranch ing estuaries; Pattern of salin ity vary w ith tim e and space; U tilization of freshw ater resou rces; R eservo irs of avo ide saltw ater and sto re freshw ater; Changjiang E stuary