15 2 1999 4 V o l. 15 N o. 2 JOU RNAL O F ANAL YT ICAL SC IEN CE A p ṙ 1999 α (,, 200062) : EL ISA ; ; ;, 1996, FDA 637 : 12 000 :, (, 1. 5 ),, 1,,, [ 1 (B io tin) ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] (Enzym e L inked Imm uno so rben t A ssay, EL ISA ) α : 1997203207 : ; 162
96,, 96,,,,, (Do t Imm unob lo tting,d IB ) [ 6 ] D IB, : (hcg) [ 7 ] (HB sa G) g (H IV 21) (HCV ) (A FP) ABC2 (ZB ) [ 8-10 ],D IB EL ISA 96 ; 2 3mm ; EL ISA ;, D IB ( Imm unoch rom atograph ic D iagno stic T est Strip, ICD T S), (A ffi2 b inding) (B lo tting) [ 6 ],, 5 mm,, 2 5m in, 1 g g 2 1 2,, ICD T S ;,, ICD T S,,,, hcg ICD T S, : hcg [ 11 ] (L H ) HB sa g (HB sa b) A FP A 1985, [ 6, 12 ], 1979, 163
ZB, ICD T S, ICD T S, ICD T S EL ISA D IB,, : ; ; ; ;, ICD T S,, 1988, D IB ICD T S, ICD T S,,,, EL ISA D IB, ICD T S ICD T S,, 1994 hcg ICD T S, A FP ICD T S ICD T S 2,,,, [ 13 ], PBS2Tw een 20 HR P2HB sa G, PBS2Tw een 20 KH 2PO 4 N ac l N a2h PO 4 KC l Tw een 20 ; (HR P) HB sa G,, (BSA ),,,, : [ 14 ph, ], (R eversib le imm ob ilization) 164
, Sigm a R eady2to2u se; Pharm acia R eady2to2go Pharm acia, 1995,, PBS2 Tw een 20 HR P2O PD,, 20 (Glass T ran sition T em peratu re; T g) T g 1985, [ 15 ], : [ 16 ] [ 17, 18 ] [ 19 ], T g, (Syrup ) (So lidified L iqu ids), (Glasses) (V itrication) (Super coo led), SP 22 C 33C; N P 30; HR P2 ; HR P2IgM ; ; A FP A FP A FP ;, N 2 2Β2D 2,, 3, ( ) : (1) [ 20 ] ; [ 21 (2) ] ; (3), EL ISA HB sa g, (Ep itope ) [ 22 (A EP) ], Sigm a, 5 : 4 N - ; 1 C- 165
(Spectrin),, (M onoep itop ic M onoclonal A n tibodies; MM A ) [ 23 ],, [ 24 ], 6 9, 6 9 cdna 6 15 (,, ),,, [ 25 ( In tra2sp len ic imm un ization) ] MM A 4 200, 30, [ 26 ] 1, hcgβ, 1996 [ 27 : (NM R ) ] NM R NM R NM R, 251, 376, 277, 904, 69. 72% 1. 32% C,, 0. 2mL 2mL ; Table 1 The latest publication in the paten t of diagnostic reagen ts for detection of all k inds of malignan t cells at an early stage M arkers M ethods References A 2p ro tein EL ISA Schm idt, G. J. et al. 1996 HCA Im aging Codington, J. F. 1996 Extracelullar m atrix comp lex EL ISA L allone, R. O. 1996 H yaluronic acid recep to r Im aging Cow ard, R. T., 1996 A FP recep to r Im aging M o ro, R. J., 1996 166
M arkers M ethods References hcgβantigens IAA A cevedo, H. et al., 1995 Specific P ro tein fractions B lood sm ear Suslov, E. İ et al., 1995 A part of a thym idine k inase EL ISA E rik sson, S. et al., 1995 H sp70, H sp90, H sp27, GRP94 EL ISA M cguire,w. L. etal., 1995 F ragm ents of cytokeratin 18 EL ISA B joerk lund, P. et al., 1995 A part of a c2m er recep to r R IA Earp, H. et al., 1995 PTPΑ Enzy. assay Tabiti, K. et al., 1995 Tumo r2assocd. GA T EL ISA Sakaguchi, T. et al., 1994 Chondro itin sulfate B iochem ical V on D ietrich, C. P. et 1994 Intracellular Ca 2+ F luo resent D avies, R. J., 1994 Ca 2+ 2A lbum in comp lex B iochem ical Suslov, V. A., 1994 Α12 o r m 2A ntitryp sin EL ISA Kuzuhara, N. et al., 1994 p65 tumo r2assocd. facto r EL ISA H anausek2w alaszek, M. 1994 O ncop terin B iochem ical Sugimo to, T. et al., 1994 Cadherin E EL ISA Katayam a,m. et al., 1994 HCA, H um an carcinom a antigen; IAA, Imm unocytochem analytic assay; H sp, H eat shockgstress response p ro teins; GRP, Gluco se regulated p ro tein; PTPΑ, P ro tein tyro sine pho sphatase Α; GA T, galato se transferase. 1,,,,., 1995, 11: 70 2 Ivnitsk iid M Sitdikov V E Kurochk in V E. A nal. Ch im. A cta, 1992, 261: 45 3 N akam ura R M Kasahara Y R echnitz G A. eds, Imm unochem icala ssays and B io senso r T echno logy fo r 1990s, Am erican Society fo r M icrobio logy: W ash ington, D. C. 1992 4 Schultz N M Kennedy R T. A nal. Chem., 1993, 65: 81 5 F lurer C L N ovo tny M. ibid., 1993, 65: 817 6., :, 1989 7,,,., 1995, 18: 205 8,., 1995, 22: 327 9,.,, 1994, 1032106 10., 1986, 13: 2 11,,,., 1995, 18: 364 12 ( ) Siko ra K Sm edley H M.,, ;, :, 1986 13,., 1993, (2, 3): 22 14 F rank s F. B iogt ecno logy, 1994, 12: 253 15 R allw F Fahy G M. N ature, 1985, 313: 573 16 Zhu Z2M J ia X2M Chai J2K Gao W 2E Kong Q 2H. Ch inese M edical J., 1994, 107: 574 17 A li J Shelton J N. J. R ep roduction and Fertility, 1993, 99: 65 18 Zhang T R aw son D M. C ryobio logy, 1996, 33: 1 167
19 C row e J H L eslie S B C row e L M. C ryobio logy, 1994, 31: 355 20,., 1994, 21: 139 21., 1996, (11): 1 22, Jay D G., 1991, 23: 335 23,,,,. ( ), 1997, 3: 107 24,,., 1996, 23: 305 25 Cardillo F. J. Imm uno l. M ethods, 1995, 188: 43 26., 1995, 18: 197 27 Park M. A rch. Pharm. R eṡ, 1998, 11: 134 Som e Progress in the Research of D iagnostic Reagen ts and D iagnostic M ethods Zhao Sh i, Fan Peichang (D ep a rtm en t of B iology, E ast Ch ina N orm a l U n iversity, S hang ha i, 200062) Abstract T he latest advances in the reaserch field of diagno stic reagen ts and diagno stic m ethods have been review ed. T he imm unoch rom atograph ic diagno stic test strip can sim p lify the operation in clin ical diagno sis, the vitrification of diagno stic reagen ts can im p rove the stab ilization of diagno stic k it, and the m onoep itop ic m onoclonal an tibodies can enhance the specificity in the imm unoassay. T he diagno stic reagen ts fo r detection of all k inds of m alignan t cells at an early stage are also discu ssed. Keywords D iagno stic reagen t, Imm unoch rom atography, V itrification, M onoep itop ic m onoclonal an tibody, Cancer 168