Bull Earthq Res Inst Univ Tokyo Vol 2/,*+* pp +/ -+ GPS +33,,**2 * Measuring Crustal Movements with GPS and Temperature of Fumaroles with Radiation Thermometer at Volcano Yake-Dake, Hida Mountains, Central Japan ( +33,,**2) Yoshio Sumino*, Shouhei Umeda, Yuichirou Kikuchi, Koji Miyata, Akinori Kimoto, Junna Shibata, Akira Oishi, Yushi Sato, Keiichi Ogai, Yasuhisa Tuzuki, Tomotake Ueno, Gaku Yurimoto, Yuki Shimada, Hiroki Takayama, Kazunori Kobayashi, Yoji Shimada and Shigeki Hosokawa Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University Abstract Since +33,, crustal deformation at and around the Yake-dake volcano in the Hida mountains, central Japan, has been measured by the geodetic survey with a Global Positioning System (GPS), and the temperatures of fumaroles at the Yake-Dake volcano have been measured with a radiation thermometer since +33- The GPS network, established at and around the Yake-dake volcano, Hida mountains, and in the Matsumoto basin, consists of five observation stations: Yake-dake, Kamikochi, Nakao, Kurio, and Shinshu University (Matsumoto city) The Yake-dake station is located at the Yake-dake observation platform, which is near the top of the mountain, and the Kamikochi and the Nakao stations are located at the foot of the volcano The Kurio station is located at the middle foot of Mt Nishihotaka-dake, and its altitude (,+33 m, WGS 2 ) is almost the same as that of Yake-dake station (,+10 m) Observed data were analyzed using the broadcast ephemeris and the default meteorological values with the double di# erence technique From the present GPS measurements, it was found that, for the baseline between Yake-dake and Kurio, about -1 km in length in the north-south direction, the temporal change of baseline length during the twelve years from +330 to,**2 contracted 1 cm (,* ppm), and the variation of upheaval at Yake-dake became -cm during the same period, when fixed at Kurio (Nishihotakadake) On the other hand, for the baseline between Kamikochi and Nakao, located at the foot of the Yake-dake volcano, about /- km toward the northwest-southeast direction, the temporal change of baseline length became within + cm (, ppm) during the sixteen years from +33, to,**2 Crustal deformation at and around the Yake-dake volcano during the last sixteen years, +33,,**2, and temperatures of fumaroles at the Yake-dake volcano during the last fifteen years, +33-,**2 are reported and discussed in the present study Key words: Yake-dake volcano, GPS, crustal movement, fumarole temperature * e-mail: ysumino@shinshu-uacjp -3* 20,+ - + + 15
+ -*** m + + YKD,// m,**/, +33, GPS +33- - GPS / +33*, +*** m +33*,***,**, +33 :, -** m +,* ka +,* ka 1* ka -* ka -, ka +32, +33+ Fig + The locations of GPS stations of Shinshu Fig, The locations of GPS stations of Shinshu Uni- University used in the present study at and around versity used in the present study at and around the the Yake-dake Volcano in the Hida mountains and Yake-dake Volcano YKD shows Yake-dake KRO in the Matsumoto basin YKD shows Yake-dake; shows Kurio, located at the middle foot of Mt KRO, Kurio; NKO, Nakao; KMK, Kamikochi; SHU, Nishihotaka-dake NKO and KMK show Nakao and Shinshu University HIDA MTS shows the Hida Kamikochi, respectively, located at the middle foot mountains and MB shows the Matsumoto basin of the Yake-dake Volcano Each station is plotted ISTL is the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line called on a map that is simplified from the geological map the East Matsumoto Basin Fault at the Matsumoto basin after Harayama ( +33*, +33 ) The cross-section between A and B is shown at right corner in this figure 16
GPS +33,,**2 +32, +33+ +330 +33* +33 + +332 2 +* +33- +33 +333,*** +331,**/ -,**0 - GPS +33, - GPS +33/ ; +331 GPS YKD, **1: NKO, **/ : KMK, **2:, +33 KRO, *, : Fig - Epicenter distribution of the northern part of Nagano Prefecture from Jan +331 -Dec,**/, M *,, +33* +33 determined by the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo (Tsukuda,,**0) Straight line YKD connecting Kurio (KRO) and Shinshu University NKO (SHU) shows the baseline in the present study A KMK, shows the epicenters of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm KRO +- km, +3+, +3-, km + Ma Murai +30, Yamada +30-, :,**- NKO +3+, +3*1 YKD KMK - +3*1 +33* +3*1 +3-3 -* +3++ +3,/ Yamazaki, +330 +3+/ GPS +30, SHU **3 : + 2** m +31, +311 ;,**3 GPS +33,,**- Murai +30, Yamada +30- +300 0 +* +,** +* + 17
+ s - A GPS,**- 0 2 +, +*,,** +* M 1, +33, / +33, +333 */ GPS T +/ km, + / km - 2 +0 + M /,*** +0 : **,+ : ** GPS 3 / M *** M - TRIMVEC Ver -*+; Trimble Navigation, +33+ 3 +2 M M - +* M * +*+- hpa,,* /* +332 +* + GPS + +3 +332 2 YKD + SHU - +3 +330,*** A +/ mm,*** +332 2 M + +/ / NKO +333,***; +333 SHU / - KRO,***,*** +332 2 1 M, 1,** +332 2 +332 0 Fig Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Shinshu-University (SHU) sites for +330,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm 18
GPS +33,,**2 Fig / Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Nakao (NKO) and Shinshu-University (SHU) sites for +330,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig 0 Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kamikochi (KMK) and Shinshu-University (SHU) sites for +33,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm,** 0 KMK SHU 0 +332 0,*** mm,**2a,***,,**,,**- YKD KRO,**- km,- m +,**-,**2 1 KRO YKD KRO 2 SHU 1,**+ +330,***,***,**, 1 mm 19
Fig 1 Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kurio (KRO) and Shinshu-University(SHU) sites for +33,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig 2 Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Kurio (KRO) sites for +330,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm,**,,**0,**-,**1 +33,,**2 KRO YKD 3 +- YKD KMK +* 3 +* YKD +330,*** +33,,**+,***,**, KRO YKD,**- ++ ++ +331,**-,**2,**-,**2 +, YKD NKO + KMK NKO 20
GPS +33,,**2 Fig 3 Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the north-south direction of GPS coordinates at Yake-dake (YKD) site, when fixed at Kurio (KRO) Upward shows to north A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig +* Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the east-west direction of GPS coordinates at Yake-dake (YKD) site, when fixed at Kurio(KRO) Upward shows to east A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig ++ Temporal changes of vertical component in GPS coordinates at Yake-dake (YKD) site, when fixed at Kurio(KRO) Upward shows to upheaval A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm 21
Fig +, Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Nakao (NKO) sites for +33,,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig +- Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Yake-dake (YKD) and Kamikochi (KMK) sites for +33,,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm +33, KMK +33 +331 +332 +331 +332 2 +332 0,**- +332 0 +1 KMK + A NKO +33,**2 KMK +/ +0,**, +/ KMK +33 +332,**-,**- +0,**-,**2 22
GPS +33,,**2 Fig + Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kamikochi (KMK) and Nakao (NKO) sites for +33,,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig +/ Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the north-south direction of GPS coordinates at Kamikochi (KMK) site, when fixed at Nakao (NKO) Upward shows to north A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm +2 NKO KRO / +330 +30-,**2 +3 KMK KRO +33,**, TRb,** */+* 2 +- mm,**, /* +*** * 1/ m ++,**- mm mm + + -,**-,*,**-,**2 +32, T, W, X, Y, Z,* 23
Fig +0 Temporal changes of the horizontal component in the east-west direction of GPS coordinates at Kamikochi (KMK) site, when fixed at Nakao (NKO) Upward shows to east A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig +1 Temporal changes of vertical component in GPS coordinates at Kamikochi (KMK) site, when fixed at Nakao (NKO) Upward shows to upheaval A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm * 1/ + m,**- 0 +* + s,,** +*, W -1 X- + X-, T,+,2 +332 2 Y-+ Y-, Z + -,+ U +3++,2 A 0 W GPS GPS 24
GPS +33,,**2 Fig +2 Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Nakao (NKO) and Kurio (KRO) sites for +330,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig +3 Temporal changes of baseline lengths between Kamikochi (KMK) and Kurio (KRO) sites for +33,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm -1 0 1 / m W,+ -* 0* 3* -1 X-+ X-, T /* m -1 X-+ T,,, X-+ * m Y-+ Y-,,**, X-, Y-+,/,- +30, Y-, 25
+/ m, +* m Y-,,0 Z Z Z,1 +332 2 + 3* +** +332 +* +,*,1 U U +3++,*** U,2 Fig,* The locations of fumaroles at the Yake-dake Volcano used in the present study 1 +33,,**2 +0 +332 YKD KRO YKD KRO km,- m + +330,**, 1 mm,**, Fig,+ Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (W) for +33-,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm 26
GPS +33,,**2 Fig,, Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (X- + ) for +33-,**, A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig,- Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (X-,) for +33-,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig, Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (T) for +33-,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm 27
Fig,/ Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (Y- + ) for +33-,**, A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig,0 Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (Y-,) for +33-,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm 2 YKD KRO,***,*** +332 0 + cm + 3 +* YKD KMK + km KRO +331,**2 cm +333,***; +333 ++ KMK +332 2 + +332 0 KMK NKO / km + cm + KMK NKO +33 +330 SHU YKD 28
GPS +33,,**2 Fig,1 Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (Z) for +33-,**2 A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Fig,2 Temporal changes of temperatures at the fumaroles zone (U) for +33-,*** A shows the beginning of the +332 Hida earthquake swarm Table + GPS station coordinates (WGS 2 ) used in the present study 29
NKO KMK KRO,*** GPS,**2 a,,**2b +332 A ++ +3 +33,,**2 +0 A +332 +332 2, Z +,*,1,*** GPS +33,,**2 +0 +3*1 +3++ +3,/ +3*1 +3-3 -* +30, +33* / + pp + +1/ +33-2123,**-, +,1 +*,**3 / + pp +0- +33/ GPS +33, +33 + *3 +, +3+, 1/,11- +32, /0 0 +* +2 +3,3 +33+, 1 +*,1 -+ 1* +330 2 -- --0, +333 0+ -33 */,**/ - pp -*0-++ +3-, + /, 0 +31, + 1,31-* +311 - + 3- +*, Murai, I, +30,, A brief note on the eruption of the Yake-Dake Volcano of June +1, +30,, Bull Earthq Res Inst, *, 2*/ 2+,*** K-Ar / ---0,**, -*** +*2, 22 +*, +300 +30,, ++ +1,3 30
GPS +33,,**2,3+ -*- +33 +331 GPS +33, +330 +33- /+,3,,33-1 B- + -0/ -2*,**2 a, GPS +333 +332 +33,**1 2- +2- +3+, B- + 2+ 30,**2 b,,*** GPS +33,,**0 2- +1/, +2, - B + ++/ +,+ Trimble Navigation, +33+, TRIMVEC-PLUS GPS Yamada, T, +30-, Report of the +30, activity of Yakedake Trimble Navigation Ltd, -,0 p Volcano, central Japan Jour Fac Liberal Arts and Sci,,**0 Shinshu Univ, +,, 102 +1 Yamazaki, F, +330, A wall-like low-q zone beneath the Yake- A pp ++,, dake volcano Central Japan, J Phys Earth,,,--2 +33- (Received July +,,,*+*) -0 B- + (Accepted November,,,*+*) 31