1 (2007) GHz 6 (ITU-R 238/8 ITU-R 212/8 ). 1.(SDO).. (BWA).GHz 6 " " ". 2 ITU-R F.1399 ". BWA :. - ITU-R F.1399 - ITU-R F.1763.GHz 66. - ITU-R M.1678 1 2 3 1 ITU-R F.1399 ( BWA ) " " " "."" "" "" () ( ).(E1) Mbit/s 2,048 (T1) Mbit/s 1,544. 2
2 (Adaptive antenna) () (Access network) (Access terminal) (Bit-error ratio) (Base station) (Base station router) (Block turbo code) (Convolutional coding) - (Connection layer) (Control plane) (Data link control) (Forward channel) (Frame error rate) (Acknowledgement (channel)) (Automatic repeat request) (Asynchronous transfer mode) (Broadcast control channel) (Broadband radio access network) (Code division multiple access multi carrier) (Broadband wireless access) (Code division multiple access) (Convolutional turbo code) (Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications) (Direct-sequence code division multiple access) (Direct sequence spread spectrum) (Enhanced general packet radio service) (Enhanced dedicated channel) (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) (Evolution data optimized) (Forward control channel) (Frequency division duplex) (Forward-error correction) (Frequency hopping spread spectrum) 4 AA ACK AN ARQ AT ATM BCCH BER BRAN BS BSR BTC BWA CC CDMA CDMA-MC CL C-plane CTC DECT DLC DS-CDMA DSSS E-DCH EGPRS ETSI EV-DO FC FCC FDD FEC FER FHSS
3 (Fixed termination) GSM edge (Global positioning system) (Internet protocol) (Link access control) (Local area network) (Logic link control) (Medium access control) (Metropolitan area network) (Mobile station) (Non-line-of-sight) (Physical layer) (Physical layer protocol) (Portable termination) (GSM edge radio access network) (General packet radio service) (High capacity-spatial division multiple access) (High performance RLAN) (High performance metropolitan area network) (High speed downlink packet access) (High rate packet data) (High speed downlink shared channel) (High speed uplink packet access) (Internet code division multiple access) (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) (Internet Engineering Task force) (Low density parity check) (Multi-carrier synchronous beamforming) (Multiple input multiple output) (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access) (Open systems interconnection) (Packet data convergence protocol) (Personal handyphone system) (Quadrature amplitude modulation) FT GERAN GPRS GPS HC-SDMA HiperLAN HiperMAN HRPD HSDPA HS-DSCH HSUPA I-CDMA IEEE IETF IP LAC LAN LDPC LLC MAC MAN MCSB MIMO MS NLOS OFDM OFDMA OSI PDCP PHS PHY PLP PT QAM
4 (Quality-of-service) (Reverse access channel) (Radio frequency) (Radio link control) (Radio link protocol) (Reverse traffic channel) (Single carrier) // (Spatial multiplexing) (Traffic code channels) TDMA CDMA (User plane) (Spatial division multiple access) (Standards development organization) (Single input single output) (Security/session/stream layer) (Signalling network protocol) (Time-division duplex) (Time-division multiple access) (TDMA-single carrier) (Time-division-synchronized CDMA) (Wireless widebands Internet access) (Wireless metropolitan area network) QoS RAC RF RLC RLP RTC SC SDMA SDO SISO SL SM SNP TCC TDMA TDMA-SC TD-SCDMA U-plane WirelessMAN WWINA ITU-R F.1763.GHz 66. 5 1 1.GHz 6 (BWA).5 1 6-1 5 6
5 1. (RLAN). ).( : ITU-R M.1450 IEEE 802.11 - ETSI BRAN HIPERLAN - ARIB HiSWANa - (R2003) 802.11-1999 IEEE - IEEE 802.11 (MAC). 3 ISO/IEC (RLAN) ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005 (LAN) ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005. :. GHz 5,725-5,47 GHz 5,35-5,25 GHz 5,25-5,15 MHz 2 500-2 400. (IR) GHz 5,825-5,725 (DSSS) (FHSS).(OFDM) ETSI BRAN HIPERLAN (ETSI TC) (RLAN).HiperLAN 2 (BRAN) (PHY) Mbit/s 54.RLAN (IP).ATM IEEE 1394 HiperLAN 2.. 3 - - ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005.(PHY) (MAC) :11 - -
6.GHz 5,725-5,47 GHz 5,35-5,25 GHz 5,25-5,15 HiperLAN 2 ) TS 101 493 ( ) TS 101 761 ( ) TS 101 475 http://pda.etsi.org/pda/queryform.asp ETSI.(. HIPERLAN 2 ETSI TC BRAN.. IEEE-SA 802.11 ETSI TC BRAN.GHz 5 6 ARIB 5 MMAC 4 HSWA.(ARIB STD-T70) HiSWANa. (DLC) /(MAC) (PHY)...TDMA- (OFDM).Mbit/s 36 6.(QoS)...(GHz 5,25-5,15 GHz 5,0-4,9) GHz 5 HiSWANa 2 IMT-2000 ITU-R M.1457 5. 7 IMT-2000 CDMA (DS CDMA) CDMA UTRAN (16QAM).Mchip/s 3,84 MHz 5..( MMAC Forum ) 1.1 High Speed Wireless Access Committee 4 Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Systems Promotion Council ( Multimedia Mobile Access Communication Systems Forum ) Association of Radio Industries and Businesses.ITU-R M.1457 1.5 5 6 7
7.(Mchip/s 3,84 / 2 560) 15 ms 10 3 ms 2.( ) ) (E-DCH) (HS-DSCH).Mbit/s 14. ((HSUPA) ). ( ) (ISDN PSTN.. /.(FER). IMT-2000 8 CDMA MHz 1,25 nx : cdma2000.1x (1X-EV-DO) Mchip/s 1,2288 MHz 1,25 nx ).MHz 1,25.( ) (ISDN PSTN.. /.(FER) (QoS)... 1X CDMA (1X-EV-DO) (MAC) :...(Walsh). 2.1.ITU-R M.1457 8 2.5
8.(RA) (RPC) MAC BPSK MAC.(RAB) RA.64-ary...Mbit/s 3,1 kbit/s 38,4..QPSK/8-PSK/16-QAM.( ) 16.ksymbol/s 76,8 16.Mchip/s 1,2288 MAC..16 1. ACK... 1X 1X-EV-DO CDMA.. (RRI). RRI. (ACK) (DRC) DRC...CDMA ACK. (H-ARQ) HRPD /. 9 IMT-2000 CDMA (UTRA) ().Mchip/s 3,84 (TD-SCDMA) Mchip/s 1,28 (FDD) UTRA. (1.5 ) FDD 3.1.ITU-R M.1457 9 3.5
9 UTRA. Mchip/s 3,84 Mchip/s 1,28...Mchip/s 3,84 MHz 5 Mchip/s 3,84.Mchip/s 1,28 MHz 1,6 Mchip/s 1,28 PSTN ).( ) (ISDN. (QoS). /.FER BER (HSDPA)..Mbit/s 10. 10 IMT-2000 TDMA.TDMA ARQ 8-PSK (EDGE) khz 200. Mbit/s 1,625 QAM MHz 1,6.Mbit/s 5,2. ARQ.(MBMS) /. / MBMS.(VASP) MBMS...IEEE IP IP. 4.1.ITU-R M.1457 10 4.5
10 11 IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA 5.1 FDMA/TDMA IMT-2000.(DECT).() TDMA.Mbit/s 6,912 Mbit/s 4,608 Mbit/s 3,456 Mbit/s 2,304 Mbit/s 1,152. Mbit/s 20..MHz 1,728..ms10 TDMA. 24. (GFSK).(QAM) (DPSK) 0,5 64 / 16 / 8 / 4 π/4-dqpsk.6 4 3 2.64-QAM 16-QAM π/8-d8-psk : MAC (CMC) (BMC) - -.(MBC) -. BMC (FT).. (PT). CMC.. MBC. MBC : MAC. : - : -..ITU-R M.1457 11 5.5
11 : -. : -.MAC :.( ) : -. : -... : -. (MAC)...(/ ).... "DECT "...G.722 "DECT "..
12 3 ETSI IEEE (BWA) ETSI HiperMAN (802.16e-2005 ) IEEE 802.16 ) DLC /( ) MAC OFDMA OFDM ETSI BRAN HiperMAN.. IEEE 802.16 GHz 6.... HiperMAN IEEE WirelessMAN). "".(ETSI BRAN...GHz 6 MHz 20 17,5 15 14 10 8,75 7 5 3,5 1,25 (OFDMA) (OFDM) /.....(SISO) bits/s 3,5 MAC/DLC.MAC/DLC PHY...PHY (OFDMA ) OFDM ( ) OFDM MAC/DLC 1
13 ETSI HiperMAN WirelessMAN IEEE 1. MAC OFDMA OFDM GHz 6 1 BWA ETSI HiperMAN IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Forum TM. HiperMAN IEEE 802.16. ( ) WiBro (TTA).WiMAX. WiBRO TTAS.KO-06.0082/R1 TTA.IEEE 802-16-2004/Cor1 IEEE 802.16e-2005 IEEE Std 802.16 2 IEEE 802.16 IEEE Standard for local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems..(BWA) IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.16e-2005. IEEE Std 802.16-2004 IEEE 802.16.GHz 6 (IEEE 802.16e ) IEEE 802.16.. 1.2
14. IEEE 802.16 :. OFDMA OFDM. : (SM) (MIMO) - / MIMO - (UL) -. -. 46-QAM 16-QAM QPSK (chase combining) LDPC BTC CTC ARQ. (FBSS).ms 50. (MDHO) Marco. ( ) UGS ) (.. OFDMA OFDMA..
15 MAP. ( ) MHz 28 1,25 IEEE 802.16. OFDMA (FFT).. IEEE 802.16 OFDMA PHY.(AMC) (FUSC PUSC) 3 1. 1 OFDMA. ) 1. ( 12 13. /. ( ). PKMv2 - EAP AES-CCM HMAC PKMv1 RSA IEEE 802.16.MBS AES-CTR CMAC : IEEE : :802.16e http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16-2004.pdf http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf 12.. 13
16 ETSI : HiperMAN (BRAN) :ETSI TS 102 177 v1.3.2 -.(PHY) HiperMAN (BRAN) :ETSI TS 102 178 v1.3.2 -.(DLC). HiperMAN (BRAN) :ETSI TS 102 210 v1.2.1 - GHz 11 BWA HiperMAN : FDD.(NLOS) MHz 3,5 MHz 1,75..GHz 3,5 MHz 7 : IEEE 802.16 HiperMAN MIMO OFDMA OFDM PHY - (MHz 28 OFDMA ) MHz 10 MHz 7 MHz 3,5 2048 1024 512 FFT OFDMA OFDMA OFDM ( ) OFDMA.OFDMA OFDM http://pda.etsi.org/pda/queryform.asp ETSI :. 2.2 - - - - 4 ATIS WTSC (BWA) ATIS WTSC (WWINA) ( ) ATIS ( T1P1 WTSC) (WWINA) WWINA.
17. DSL WWINA.. (AT) WWINA. : - / - - -. - T1.723-2002 I-CDMA I CDMA ( ) I-CDMA.CDMA MHz 1,23 Mcps 1,2288 BCH (TPC) QPSK/BPSK khz 30 khz 25 khz 12,5. ARQ khz 50. FDD.OSI I-CDMA. MAC LAC.. (CDMA) (FEC).(LAC) (MAC) : LAC. MAC.(BSR) (AT).ARQ. IP AT. I-CDMA.. 1 2
18 /(MAC) MCSB (LLC) CDMA ( ) MCSB ().(NLOS).OSI MCSB. MAC LLC () 1.. 1 (OA&M) / (L3) / :LLC (L2) / :MAC CDMA (L1).(LLC) (MAC) : LLC. MAC... /. (OA&M) // khz 500 10 MHz 5.MHz 1. 5 //. 32 (TCC) 8-PSK QPSK -. TCC.64-QAM 16-QAM..( ) 125 ms 10.7 () 0 n 55 n * 7 55 + n * 7 II 1 2
19 (HC-SDMA) :ATIS-0700004.2005. HC-SDMA (AA) () HC-SDMA. MHz 5 ( ). GHz 3 HC-SDMA..MHz 5 Mbit/s 20 HC-SDMA Mbit/s 40 MHz 10 1/2 = N./Hz// 4 HC-SDMA /TDMA HC-SDMA. IP.. ARQ. -....L3 L2 L1 III 1 HC-SDMA. 2. 2 L1 L2 L3.HC-SDMA 3 2
20 3 HC-SDMA FDMA/TDMA/SDMA / khz 625 ms 5 : 3:1 3 3 km 15 < kbaud/sec 500 %25 + - + 8 - + 9 - - ( ) DiffServ. BSR - () ARQ CDMA T1.716/7-2000(R2004) 2 /1 - PSTN Mchip/s 4,16 FDD CDMA.MHz 20 MHz 5 Mchip/s 16,64. MHz 60 40 IV 1
21 - L2) 2 (L1) 1 : CDMA :4 OSI (DLC MAC DLC. DLC. (FEC) / - (PHY) - MAC. / / 2 - - 4 :DLC / / / :MAC / / CDMA (L2) 2 (L1) 1 kbit/s 128.kbit/s 128 () 1 1..... 1. 2 DLC ) LAPD LAPC LAPCc..(ITU-T Q.931 ITU-T Q920.DLC / https://www.atis.org/docstore/default.aspx :
22 5 (BWA) "PHS " (PHS MoU Group) " 14 PHS " (PHS) "PHS ".(BWA). PHS OFDMA/TDMA- BWA "PHS " : -. -. -. Mbit/s 10 -.. : -.4 -.m 100 "PHS ".. 1 14.TDMA- PHS "PHS "
23 "PHS ".. BWA "PHS " QAM MHz 20 MHz 1,25 "PHS ". 256 ) OFDMA "PHS " PHS.( ) TDMA ( OFDMA.ms 5. MHz 10 MHz 5 MHz 2,5 MHz 1,25.kHz 37,5 MHz 20. ms 5. SDMA "PHS ".MIMO.. 5 "PHS 5 " OFDMA/TDMA 4 MHz 20 MHz 10 MHz 5 MHz 2,5 MHz 1,25 khz 37,5 (20) 512 256 (10) (5) 128 (2,5) 64 (1,25) 32 ms 5 ( : 4/ 4) 8 256-QAM 64-QAM 32-QAM 16-QAM QPSK BPSK MIMO SDMA Mbit/s 8,0 : Mbit/s 11,2 : TDMA OFDMA : ) FFT MHz 5/ ( SISO ) (MHz 2
24 : (A-GN4.00-01-TS) "PHS " :.http://www.phsmou.org/about/nextgen.aspx 6. 6
25 6 (/) msec 5 : 2 8 4 2,5 20 12,5 10 msec :Tier 1 ms 13,33 :Tier 2 ms 26,67 ms 10 OFDMA TDMA CDMA CDMA / FDD/ HFDD FDD MIMO (/) (/) MHz 5 ( ) Mbit/s 17,5 SISO bit/s 35 MIMO (2 2) Mbit/s 70 MIMO (4 4) Mbit/s 1,228: : Mbit/s 1,8432 : Mbit/s 6,4 :: Mbit/s 24 CC/CTC : BTC/LDPC Block TPC BCH - (16 18) / (1) : QPSK-1/2, 3/4 16-QAM-1/2, 3/4 64-QAM-1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 : QPSK-1/2, 3/4 16-QAM-1/2, 3/4 64-QAM-1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 : QPSK 0,793-0,325 : QPSK 0,793-0,325 : 8-PSK QPSK 16-QAM (18, 16) R-S : 8-PSK QPSK 64-QAM (18, 16) R-S MHz 1,25 MHz. 28 Typical bandwidths are: 3,5 5 7 8,75 10 MHz 20 MHz 1,25 MHz 5 IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN/ ETSI HiperMAN (3 ) T1.723-2002 I-CDMA (4 ) ATIS- 0700001.2004 MCSB MAC/LLC (4 )
26 (/) ms 5 ms 19 ms 5 TDMA/F DMA/ SDMA CDMA OFDMA TDMA CSMA/ CA SSMA FDD MIMO (/) () (/) ) ( () 6 ) MHz 5 ( : 2,866 Mbit/s 8 sub-channels 4 spatial channels = 91,7 Mbit/s : 2,5 Mbit/s 8 sub-channels 4 spatial channels = 80 Mbit/s : Mbit/s 1,92 : Mbit/s 1,92 : Mbit/s 8,0 : Mbit/s 11,2 ) SISO ( Mbit/s 2,5 / CC / (1) : QPSK BPSK 12-QAM 8-PSK 16-QAM 3/4 : QPSK BPSK 12-QAM 8-PSK 16-QAM 24-QAM 8/9 : QPSK 1/2 : QPSK 1/2 : BPSK 1/2 QPSK 1/2, 3/4 16-QAM 3/4 32-QAM 4/5 64-QAM 5/6 256-QAM 7/8 : DQPSK CCK BPSK PBCC 1/2 QPSK PBCC 1/2 3,5 MHz 0,625 2 5 2 20 MHz ) (MHz 5 MHz 1,25 MHz 2,5 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 22 ATIS-0700004.2005 (HC-SDMA) (4 ) T1.716/7-2000 (R2004) PSTN - 2 /1 (4 ) PHS (5 ) IEEE 802.11-1999 (R2003) (802.11b) (1 )
27 () 6 (/) ms 2 CSMA/ CA CSMA/ CA TDMA MIMO (/) (/) ) MHz 5 ( Mbit/s 13,5 Mbit/s 13,5 27 18 12 9 6 Mbit/s 54 36 MHz 20 ) (MHz 20 CC CC CC / (1) : 64-QAM OFDM 2/3, 3/4 16-QAM OFDM 1/2, 3/4 QPSK OFDM 1/2, 3/4 BPSK OFDM 1/2, 3/4 : 64-QAM OFDM 2/3, 3/4 16-QAM OFDM 1/2, 3/4 QPSK OFDM 1/2, 3/4 BPSK OFDM 1/2, 3/4 8-PSK PBCC 2/3 64-QAM DSSS- OFDM 2/3, 3/4 16-QAM DSSS- OFDM 1/2, 3/4 QPSK DSSS-OFDM 1/2, 3/4 BPSK DSSS-OFDM 1/2, 3/4 64-QAM-OFDM 16-QAM-OFDM QPSK-OFDM BPSK-OFDM MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 IEEE 802.11-1999 (R2003) (802.11a) (1 ) IEEE 802.11-1999 (R2003) (802.11g) (1 ) ETSI BRAN HiperLAN 2 (1 )
28 () 6 (/) ms 2 ms 10 ms 2 : 1,67 1,25 10 5 2,5 ms 80 40 20 : 20 10 6,66 40 26,67 ms 80 :HCR ms 10 :LCR ms 5 TDMA CDMA CDMA :HCR TDMA/CD MA :LCR TD- SCDMA FDD FDD MIMO (/) ) (Rel.7 (/) ) MHz 5 ( Mbit/s 54-6 MHz 20 : Mbit/s 5,7 : Mbit/s 14 : Mbit/s 1,8 : Mbit/s 3,1 MHz 1,25 : HCR 9,2 Mbit/s : LCR 2 Mbit/s/1,6 MHz carrier(2) : HCR 10,2 Mbit/s : LCR 2,8 Mbit/s/ 1,6 MHz carrier(2) / (1) BPSK 1/2 BPSK 3/4 QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16-QAM 9/16 16-QAM 3/4 64-QAM 3/4 : QPSK Down: 16-QAM, QPSK BPSK, : QPSK, 8-PSK Down: 16-QAM, 8-PSK, QPSK : HCR 16-QAM, QPSK : LCR 8-PSK, QPSK : HCR 16-QAM, QPSK : LCR 16-QAM, 8-PSK, QPSK 4 20 MHz (5.15-5.25 GHz) 4 20 MHz (4,9-5,0 GHz) MHz 5 MHz 1,25 HCR: 5 MHz LCR: 1.6 MHz / ) ( ARIB HiSWANa (1 ) IMT-2000 CDMA (2 ) IMT-2000 CDMA (2 ) IMT-2000 CDMA (2 )
29 (/) ms 4,6 ms 4,615 ms 10.Mbit/s 7,68 TDMA TDMA FDD ) (MHz 1,6 MIMO (/).MHz 5 (/) () 6 ) MHz 5 ( : Mbit/s 16,25 Mbit/s 20,312 : Mbit/s 16,25 Mbit/s 20,312 Mbit/s 20 : CRC BCH Reed- Solomon Turbo LCR.MHz 1,6 / (1) : GMSK 8-PSK B-OQAM Q-OQAM 0,329 1/1 : GMSK 8-PSK B-OQAM Q-OQAM 0,329 1/1 : GFSK π/2-dbpsk π/4-dqpsk π/8-d8-psk 16-QAM, 64-QAM 2 200 khz 2 1,6 MHz MHz 1,728 IMT-2000 TDMA (2 ). IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA (2 ) LCR (2).HCR MHz 10 (1)