. : Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών, Τμήμα Οικονομικών Επιστημών, Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών

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1 ,.. : 0907 Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών, Τμήμα Οικονομικών Επιστημών, Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών Ημερομηνία παρουσίασης : 28/06/2011 Επιβλέπων καθηγητής : Καθηγήτρια Ευθαλία Δημαρά Μέλη τριμελούς επιτροπής : Καθηγήτρια Ευθαλία Δημαρά, Καθηγητής Δημήτρης Σκούρας, Λέκτορας Μανώλης Τσαγκαράκης. 1

2 Copyright Σπύρος Σταμίρης 2011 Η έγκριση της πτυχιακής εργασίας από το Τμήμα Οικονομικών Επιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών δεν υποδηλώνει απαραιτήτως και αποδοχή τυχόν απόψεων του συγγραφέα εκ μέρους του Τμήματος. Δηλώνω υπεύθυνα ότι η διπλωματική εργασία είναι εξ ολοκλήρου δικό μου έργο κατά το οποίο ακολούθησα την πρέπουσα ακαδημαϊκή δεοντολογία αποφυγής λογοκλοπής (σωστή χρήση αναφορών κ.ο.κ.). Δηλώνω υπεύθυνα ότι έχω αποφύγει οποιαδήποτε ενέργεια καθιστά παράπτωμα λογοκλοπής. Γνωρίζω τη σοβαρότητα του παραπτώματος και ότι επισύρει ποινή ανακλήσεως του Μεταπτυχιακού Διπλώματος. Υπογραφή συγγραφέα ΣΤΑΜΙΡΗΣ ΣΠΥΡΙΔΩΝ 2

3 Ευχαριστίες......,. Αφιέρωση Η εργασία αφιερώνεται στην οικογένεια μου για την συμπαράσταση που μου παρείχαν, στους καθηγητές μου και στους συναδέλφους μου όπου με την αλληλεγγύη και την αλληλοβοήθεια που έδειξαν με βοήθησαν στην αποπεράτωση του μεταπτυχιακού προγράμματος σπουδών. 3

4 Περίληψη -.., eurostat NACE. : D. Manufacturing( ), C. Mining and quarrying( ), E. Electricity, gas and water supply(, ), F. Construction( ), G. Distributive trades( ), H. Hotels and Restaurants( ), I. Transport, Storage and Communication( ) K. Real estate, renting and business activities( ). (local units) (workforce)., (missing values),, (2007).. spss.. missing values. 4

5 Λέξεις κλειδιά: κατανομή των επιχειρηματικών μονάδων (distribution of local units), κατανομή εργατικού δυναμικού (distribution of local units), διάγραμμα συχνοτήτων, εγχώριες παραγωγικές μονάδες(local units), επίπεδο κατηγοριοποίησης κατά NACE. Abstract In this work we present the structural business statistics of European area during a decade(2007) of all countries states of European Union. We used data from all structures of business activities and from each European state during the last decade. We collected the data from the official site of Eurostat. Businesses according to the sector that are activating have been categorized at more general units in compliance with the official statistical categorization of European business activities at European Community as NACE Our sample includes this sectors of businesses : D. Manufacturing, C. Mining and quarrying, E. Electricity, gas and water supply, F. Construction, G. Distributive trades, H. Hotels and Restaurants, I. Transport, Storage and Communication K. Real estate, renting and business activities. For all local units we have information about their sectors and the country that exist. We also have important information about the workforce that each sector includes. Then we selected the data and we rejected the missing values of the sample in order to conduct perigraphical statistical analysis for these sizes. We examined the frequency of each business structure in order to conclude at which country each sector has the larger frequency. We also examined the workforce distribution at each country during the last decade(2007). All the conclusions are extracted with the use of specific statistical software-named spss the most specific software for the collection and usage of data that are extracted from large samples. In this project we tried to be very careful at how we are going ro handle the missing values. And this happened in order to have the most accurate results as we could. Key words: distribution of local units, distribution of workforce, nuts, nace, structural business statistics, diagram of frequency. 5

6 EUROSTAT -11- `````

7 Eurostat.... Eurostat Eurostat 11 Eurostat regional yearbook,...., nuts(nomenclature of territorial units for statistics). nuts nuts 2 nuts 3. 2 NUTS. : site Eurostat. (local units). spss GEO-. 7

8 (NUTS) (NUTS II NUTS III)... missing values.. missing values missing values missing values. Eurostat (structural business statistics)..,, ,,,,,,,. : 8

9 ). ),,.. ).. )..... ) -.. ).... ferry boats ),... (computer services). :

10 ,...,, management,... outsourcing....,....,.,. 10

11 EUROSTAT SPSS NACE. : D. Manufacturing( ), C. Mining and quarrying( ), E. Electricity, gas and water supply(, ), F. Construction( ), G. Distributive trades( ), H. Hotels and Restaurants( ), I. Transport, Storage and Communication( ) K. Real estate, renting and business activities( ). spss : spss. data view. Data view,. GEO. GEO NUTS 1. NUTS 1 NUTS 2 NUTS 3. DATA VARIABLE..,,. NACE. GEO NUTS. 11

12 spss variable data NACE.. NACE C mining quarrying. spss. site Eurostat. spss. spss spss missing values.. 1: local units Austria / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities : local units Belgium/ Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

13 spss... spss,,, , : Eurostat

14 Belgium / Local Units Mining and quarrying Electricity,gas and water supply Distributive trades Transport,storage and communication Manufacturing C onstruction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities Bulgaria / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities : local units 2: Eurostat

15 Bulgaria / Local Units Mining and quarrying Electricity,gas and water supply Distributive trades Transport,storage and communication Manufacturing C onstruction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities 4: local units Cyprus / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities : Eurostat

16 Cyprus / Local Units Mining and quarrying Electricity,gas and water supply Distributive trades Transport,storage and communication Manufacturing C onstruction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities Czech Republic / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

17 Czech Republic / Local Units Mining and quarrying Electricity,gas and water supply Distributive trades Transport,storage and communication Manufacturing C onstruction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities 5: local units Germany /Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

18 4: Eurostat 2007 Germany / Local Units Mining and quarrying E lectricity,gas and water supply Distributive trades T ransport,storage and communication M anufacturing C onstruction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities 6: local units Denmark / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

19 4: Eurostat 2007 Denmark / Local Units Mining and quarrying Electricity,gas and water s upply Dis tributive trades Transport,s torage and communication Manufac turing C ons truction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities (local units) 19

20 Italy/Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Lithuania/Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

21 Estonia / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Spain / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Finland / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities France / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Greece / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Hungary / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Ireland / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

22 Slovenia /Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Slovakia / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

23 Luxembourg / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Latvia / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Netherlands / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Poland / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Portugal / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Romania / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities Sweden / Local Units Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas and water supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels and restaurants Transport,storage and communication Real Estate,Renting and business activities

24 Slovenia/Local Units Mining andquarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas andwater supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels andrestaurants Transport,storage andcommunication Real Estate,Rentingandbusiness activities Slovakia/Local Units Mining andquarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas andwater supply Construction Distributive trades Hotels andrestaurants Transport,storage andcommunication Real Estate,Rentingandbusiness activities UnitedKingdom/Local Units Miningandquarrying Manufacturing Electricity,gas andwater supply Construction Distributivetrades Hotels andrestaurants Transport,storageandcommunication Real Estate,Rentingandbusiness activities

25 2.2 (local units) ???? ( 2007 local units). 2 (structural business statistics). local units. : local units. 25

26 Local Units - Distributive trades Workforce - Distributive trades Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany (including ex-gdr from 1991) Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg (Grand-Duch?) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Local Units - Electricity,gas and water supply Workforce - Electricity,gas and water supply Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany (including ex-gdr from 1991) Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg (Grand-Duch?) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom 26

27 Local Units - Hotels and restaurants Workforce - Hotels and restaurants Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany (including ex-gdr from 1991) Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg (Grand-Duch?) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Local Units - Manufacturing Workforce - Manufacturing Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany (including ex-gdr from 1991) Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg (Grand-Duch?) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom 27

28 Local Units - Mining and quarrying Workforce - Mining and quarrying Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany (including ex-gdr from 1991) Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg (Grand-Duch?) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Local Units - Transport,storage and communication Workforce - Transport,storage and communication Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany (including ex-gdr from 1991) Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg (Grand-Duch?) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom 28

29 . spss -. (missing values spss). local units. -.. (missing values), (, -.. ) - ( - t-student, f.. ). spss (local units) (workforce power).,,, : 29

30 Ι),,, :,,,, ) ) V)X,,,,,, V) Η ΦΙΝΛΑΝΔΙΑ VI) : : Ι). ) ; ) 2001 V)H 2003 VI) Για Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο δεν έχουμε δεδομένα για το έτος 1997 όπως σε όλους τους κλάδους. (missing values) site Eurostat. (missing values).. missing values(,, 30

31 .) missing values,. ) MISSING VALUES: )MISSING VALUES BY DEFINITION OR SUBPOPULATION. missing values.., missing values by definition. - -,.. )MISSING VALUES COMPLETELY AT RANDOM :.... )MISSING VALUES AT RANDOM: :.. missing values. 31

32 ) MISSING VALUES. ) LISTWISE OR CASE DELETION spss missing values. missing values at random.. )PAIRWISE DELETION: missing values :. :... ) MEAN SUBSTITUTION:.. )INDICATOR /DUMMY VARIABLES ADJUSTMENT. 1 missing values 0. 32

33 missing values : )Multiple imputation. ( ). )maximum likelihood estimation-.. ) MISSING VALUES. missing values aggregate data. aggregation. :. ( ). aggregate data,. aggregate data,,..,.. 33

34 Local Units Total Mining and quarrying 0,18% 0,15% 0,14% 0,13% 0,15% Manufacturing 14,79% 12,28% 11,76% 11,18% 12,32% Electricity,gas and water supply 0,22% 0,23% 0,26% 0,30% 0,25% Construction 12,58% 12,71% 12,85% 13,54% 12,92% Distributive trades 34,68% 34,79% 33,05% 32,83% 33,78% Hotels and restaurants 9,84% 8,47% 8,05% 7,34% 8,33% Transport,storage and communication 6,32% 7,19% 6,91% 6,58% 6,80% Real Estate,Renting and business activities 21,39% 24,19% 26,97% 28,10% 25,44% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 0,15% (Mining and quarrying) 0,25% (Electricity), (25,44% - Real Estate) (33,78% - Distributive trades). ( missing values ) -working force., (missing values), (local units working force). : 34

35 - Workforce Total Mining and quarrying 0,74% 0,70% 0,62% 0,55% 0,65% Manufacturing 37,84% 29,64% 27,46% 26,05% 29,65% Electricity,gas and water supply 1,57% 1,32% 1,28% 1,17% 1,32% Construction 9,54% 9,69% 9,98% 10,65% 9,96% Distributive trades 21,75% 25,55% 25,11% 25,51% 24,72% Hotels and restaurants 6,73% 6,27% 7,10% 6,90% 6,75% Transport,storage and communication 8,01% 9,38% 9,49% 8,99% 9,08% Real Estate,Renting and business activities 13,81% 17,45% 18,96% 20,18% 17,86% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% (Manufacturing) (29,65%) 24,72%... (local units) LOCAL UNITS DISTRIBUTION\ local units 35% 33% 31% 29% 27% 25% 23% 21% 19% 17% 15% Total Mining and quarrying Electricity,gas and water supply Distributive trades T ransport,storage and communication Manufacturing C onstruction Hotels and restaurants Real Estate,Renting and business activities 35

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