TEST OF DIAMOND SINGLE CRYSTALS IN THE PARAMETRIC X-RAY SOURCE BASED ON A DOUBLE-CRYSTAL SYSTEM

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1 2 থ ܕ ύϥϝτϧοϋ X ઢ ʹݯ ΔμΠϠϞϯυ୯ থͷ ݧ TEST OF DIAMOND SINGLE CRYSTALS IN THE PARAMETRIC X-RAY SOURCE BASED ON A DOUBLE-CRYSTAL SYSTEM ګ A) ɺ ੴਸ B) ɺੴ ڮ B) ɺ ݐ A) ɺҴ A) ɺதඌ ࠤܓ A) ɺ ҍࢠ A) ɺ ڥ ࢤ A) ɺࠤ౻ C) ɺ த ढ़ A) Yasushi Hayakawa A), Takashi ShizukuishiB), Naoya IshibashiB), Ken HayakawaA), Manabu InagakiA), Kesuke NakaoA), Kyoko Nogami A), Takeshi Sakai A), Isamu SatoC), Toshinari TanakaA) A) Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application, Institute of Quantum Science, Nihon University, Narashinodai , Funabashi , Japan B) Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Oyaguchi Kami-cho 3-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo , Japan C) Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University, Goban-cho 12-5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo , Japan Abstract Diamond single crystals that are commercially available were tested for a double-crystal system of the X-ray source based on parametric X-ray radiation (PXR) at the Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA), Nihon University. Since a diamond crystal has a smaller spacing of crystal planes than a silicon crystal, higher energy X-rays can be obtained from the diamond crystal as a PXR radiator at the same Bragg angle. Although the size of the diamond single crystals used in this experiment was not sufficient for the 2nd crystal of the LEBRA-PXR source, a tunable PXR beam from the diamond crystal was successfully observed and X-ray imaging was carried out using the PXR beam up to 6 kev. When the propagation distance between the sample and the detector was 4 m, the image contrast improved probably due to the propagation-based phase-contrast effect. Except the problem on the target destruction, the result suggests that diamond crystals have good properties as a radiator for high energy PXR. 1. Ϊʔ h ω ɺ Ίʹ ຊ ࢠઢར ࢪڀݚ (LEBRA: Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application) Ͱ ɺ125 MeV ࢠϦχΞοΫΛར ύϥϝτϧοϋ X ઢ (PXR: parametric X-ray radiation) Λ ݪ ཧͱ Δ X ઢ ݯ Λ ɺӡ Δ [1] ɻ Ε Ͱʹɺճ ڧ ௐΠ ϝʔδϯάʹ ද ΕΔ X ઢҐ૬ίϯτϥετΠϝʔ δϯά ɺ ܕ X ઢ ٵ ऩඍࡉߏ ੳͱ Ԡ ʹ Ռ ಘΒΕ Δ [2, 3] ɻLEBRA-PXR ઢ ݯ ɺ ࢠϏʔϜ র Ε PXR ͷ ͳͱݯ Δλʔ ήοτ থͱɺ ੜ PXR ϏʔϜΛ ณนͷ ௨ Λ௨ Δ Ίͷ থͷ 2 ͷ থͰߏ Ε Δɻ 2 থͰ PXR ϏʔϜ Λճ Δ Ίʹ ɺ2 ͷ থΛ શ থͷಉ থ ໘Ͱଗ Δඞཁ Δɻ থͷ શ खՄ ͳ থ απζͷ ɺ Ε Ͱ γϧίϯ୯ থΛ ɻඇ ʹ શ ͷߴ γϧίϯ থΛ ۀ తʹ ख Δ ͱ Մ Ͱɺ ͷ ʹΑΓߴ ίώʔ ϨϯεΛ Δ PXR ϏʔϜ ಘΒΕ Δɻ PXR ͷ X ઢ ͱݯ ͷ ͳಛ ͱ ɺ ੜ Δ X ઢͷΤωϧΪʔ ( ) ࢠϏʔϜͷΤωϧΪʔʹ ͱμͳґଘ ͳ ͱ ڍ ΒΕΔɻ ࢠͷΤω ϧϊʔͱӡಈ ɺ Λ Ε Ε E, p, v ͱ Δͱɺ୯ ҐϕΫτϧ Ω ʹԊ ʹ ΕΔ PXR Τωϧ yahayak@lebra.nihon-u.ac.jp h ω h ω p c2 h c g v Ω g =, c E c v Ω (1) ͱද ΕΔɻ Ͱɺg ͳͱݯ Δ থͷ ࢠ ٯ ϕ ΫτϧͰ Δɻ ࢠ ʹ૬ର తͰ Ε ɺg ΛબͿ ͱʹαγ PXR ͷτωϧϊʔλ ޚ Δ ͱ Ͱ Δɻ௨ ͷ X ઢճ ʹ Δ Bragg ʹ૬ Δɺ থ໘ͱ ࢠͷ Λม Δ ͱʹαγɺඇ ʹ ΤωϧΪʔ ғͷ X ઢΛ ੜ Δ ͱ ݪ ཧ తʹ Ͱ Δɻ ͳ ΒɺLEBRA-PXR ઢ ݯ ͷ ɺ2 থγεςϜͷ ஔ ͷ ͷ Ίʹ Bragg ͷ ғ ʹ ݶ Ε Γɺ Ε ੜՄ ͳ PXR ͷτωϧϊʔ ғλ Δ [4] ɻ ॳ থ໘ͱ Si(111) ͷέλ Ίɺ ੜՄ ͳ PXR ͷ ғ 4 2 kev ʹ ݶ ΒΕ ɺΑΓߴ ͷ থ໘Ͱ Δ Si(22) ໘Λ Δ ͱʹαγɺ34 kev Ͱͷ X ઢͷ ੜ Մ ͱͳ [5] ɻ (1) ʹ ΔΑ ʹɺ থ໘ ڱ ͳ Bragg Ͱߴ ΤωϧΪʔͷ X ઢΛ ੜ Δ ͱ Ͱ Δɻ Γɺ ࢠఆ ͷখ ͳ থͷ ɺX ઢΤω ϧϊʔͷߴτωϧϊʔխʹ རͰ ΔɻμΠϠϞϯυ থͱγϦίϯ থ থߏ ಉ μπϡϟϯυߏ ͱͳ Δ ɺ ࢠఆ μπϡϟϯυ 3.56 A ɺγ Ϧίϯ 5.42 A Ͱ Δ Ίɺಉ ز Կ ͳβ μπ ϠϞϯυͰ ੜ Δ PXR ͷτωϧϊʔ γϧίϯʹα Δ ͷͷ 1.5 ഒͱͳΔɻՃ ɺμΠϠϞϯυ থ ಈ ʹΑΔ ଛ গͳ ɺ తʹ ༥ ߴ

2 ಋ ඇ ʹ ͱ ɺλʔήοτࡐ ͱ རͳಛ Λඋ Δɻ తʹ քͱॳί PXR ͷ ଌʹ Ͱݧ μπϡϟϯυ থ Β Ε Γɺ ݹ Β PXR ʹݯ ద Ͱ Δͱ Ε [6] ɻ ͳ ΒɺLEBRA-PXR ઢ ݯ ͷ 2 থγεςϜʹ ʹ ͳαπζͷ શ থ ඞཁͳ ΊɺμΠϠϞϯυΛ PXR ʹݯ Δͷ ࠔ Ͱ ɻ ໘ͷ ੜ Δ PXR ͷ 2 থʹ Δ ʹ ෆརͳ Ͱ Δɻ (22) ໘ͱൺ Δͱɺ(4) ໘Λ LEBRA-PXR ઢ ݯ ΒऔΓग़ Δ ڧ ɺಉ X ઢΤωϧΪʔʹର 1/3 1/4 ఔ ʹͳΔͱ༧ ΕΔɻ ͳ ΒɺμΠϠϞϯυ ୯ থͷ থαΠζͷ Ίɺ ݚݧ ͱڀ X ઢ ʹ ଥ ࢪ ڠ Δ ͱʹ ɻ μπϡϟϯυ୯ থ ϓϥζϚ CVD Ͱ ΕΔଟ থͷμΠϠϞϯυ থ ൺ త ͳ ͷ खՄ ͱͳ ɺ୯ থͷਓ μπϡϟϯυ ߴѹ Ͱͷ ඞཁͰɺ ͳαπζͷ থͷ ख ज़໘Ͱ ɺ ࡁܦ ໘Ͱ ࠔ Ͱ ɻ ͳ Β ɺ1 cm ఔ ͷ ͷ୯ থ ટ൫ͷόΠτͳͲͷ Λ ఆ Խ ΕΔΑ ʹͳΓɺൺ త Ձʹ खՄ ͱͳ ɻࠓ ճɺ ݧ తʹ ͷਓ μπϡϟϯυ୯ থ ( : εϛϋϧελϧ) Λಋ ɺPXR ઢ ݧ ͱݯ Δ ͱʹ ɻෆ७ ͱ ൺ తଟ Δ Ίɺԫ৭ ৭Λ Δɻࠓճ μπϡϟ ϯυ থͷಛ Λ Table 1 ʹ ɻ Table 1: Characteristics of synthetic diamond single crystal Diamond type type Ib Lattice constant A (25 C) Density g/cm3 (25 C) Impurity (Nitrogen) 1 12 ppm Electric resistivity 114 Ω m Thermal conductivity < 2 W/m K Crystal dimension Target crystal: 5 mm 5 mm 1 mmt 2nd crystal: (6 7 mm)2 2 mmt Main crystal face direction (1) Ͱ ͱͳδͷ ɺ 2 থͷαΠζͰ ΔɻLEBRA-PXR ઢ Ͱݯ PXR ͷ ϥπϯ ࢠ ϏʔϜϥΠϯ Β 2 mm Ε ฏߦʹ ஔ Ε ΓɺBragg θb ͷͱ ͷλʔήοτ থ- 2 থ ͷ ڑ L L = 2/ sin 2θB [mm] ͱͳδɻpxr ଞ ͷ૬ର తͳ ࢠʹΑΔ ͱಉ ʹɺ1/γ = me c2 /E (me : ࢠ ) ʹൺ ΓΛ ԁਲ਼ঢ়ͷ ͱͳδ ΊɺBragg খ ͳδͱ 2 থͷͱ ΖͰͷ PXR ϏʔϜαΠζ ͳγɺ ࡍʹ Ͱ Δ X ઢ থͷαΠζʹ ڧ ґଘ ɻ ࡏݱ ͷγϧίϯ୯ থΛ Δ Ͱܥ ɺ 2 থͱ 12 mm 37 mm 5 mmt ͷαπζͷ ͷ Λ ΔɻμΠϠϞϯυ থ 2 থͱ ඪ ४ ͷϥπϯφοϓʹ Δ ͷ ͷλબμ ɺ Ε Ͱ γϧίϯ থͷ 1/1 ڧ ͷ໘ ʹ ͳβͳ ɻ ͷ ΊɺBragg ΤωϧΪʔͷߴ PXR ੜ ΔΑ ʹ ͷߴ থ໘ΛબΜͰ Δ ͱʹ ɺඪ४ Ͱͷ ख Λߟ (4) ໘Λ ɻ ͷ໘ͷ ɺ4 kev, 5 kev, 6 kev ʹରԠ Δ Bragg Ε Ε 9.9, 7.9, 6.6 ͱͳδɻ ͷߴ ݧ Ռ ࠓճͷμΠϠϞϯυΛ ݧ ɺγϦίϯ୯ থΛ ར ʹݧ X ઢϏʔϜΛ څڙ Δ ͱಉ ࢠϏʔϜ ͰߦΘΕ ɻ ମతʹ ɺ ࢠΤωϧ Ϊʔ 1 MeVɺϚΫϩύϧε 13 maɺϛϋϩϛϧ ε෯ 5 μsɺύϧε ฦ 5 pps Ͱ Δɻ ࢠϏʔϜฏ ۉ ɺ Α 3 μa ͱ ݟ ΒΕΔɻ 3.1 Πϝʔδϯά ݧ ࠓճ LEBRA-PXR ઢ Ͱݯ μπϡϟϯυ থΛ ͱݯ Δ ॳͷ Ͱݧ ΊɺΰχΦϝʔ λͷ Φϑηοτ 2 থ ΰχΦϝʔλฒਐҠಈ ͷґஔύϥϝʔλͳͳʹ ͷલ ແ ɺ ύ ϥϝʔλεωϟϯλߦ 2 থͰͷճ ۂ ઢͷϐʔ ΫΛ ݟ Δඞཁ ɻ3 4 kev Ͱ୳ ͱ Ζɺ 2 থͷճ ۂ ઢͱࢥΘΕΔϐʔΫΛ ݟ Ίɺ থͷ Ͳͳ ڼ Λௐ ɺSi(22) ͷ ͱ ಉ ʹ Ag ͷ K ٵ ऩ Λ ΤωϧΪʔ ਖ਼Λߦ ɺΠϝʔδϯά ݧ Λ ɻFigure 1 ʹ 4 kev ͷ PXR ϏʔϜΛ ɺ ݯ ͷλʔήοτ থ Β 7.3 m Լ ͷ X ઢऔΓग़ ૭ Ͱޙ ՌΛ ɻਤ ΒΘ ΔΑ ʹɺ 2 থͷαΠζͷ ͷ Ίʹ X ઢϏʔϜαΠζ ܘ 1 mm ͷ X ઢ૭ΑΓখ ɺ 4 kev ͷ Ͱ 35 mm 85 mm ఔ ͷ Ͱ ɻ μπϩϋτϗʔϝ ମʹ ڧ Ϝϥ Γɺ থͷ ۉ Ұ ʹ γϧίϯ থʹൺ Δ ͱ ΕΔɻλʔήοτ থɺ 2 থͱ ʹখ Ίɺ থͷଆ໘ Β ग़ Ε Γɺ ʹٯ ଆ໘ Β Δ X ઢͷ ͳγଟ ͱ Ө ڹ ΔՄ ΔɻϏʔϜͷӈ ʹ Λ ͷઢঢ়ͷ ݟ Δ ɺ Ε γϧίϯ থͷ ʹ ݟ ΒΕΔ ͷ Ͱɺ থͷ ʹΑΔτϙάϥϑͱߟ ΒΕΔɻ ɺ Figure 1: The results of X-ray imaging for the direct beam (left) and a laser pointer (right) using the 4-keV PXR beam. Each exposure time was 5 min using an imaging plate (IP)

3 Fig. 1 ͷӈਤ ྉͱ খ ܕ ͷϩʔβϙπϯλλ ͷͱ Γɺ୯ 4 ס Δͷ Θ Δɻ ΕΒͷը ݕ ग़ ͱث ΠϝʔδϯάϓϨʔτ (IP) Λ ɺ 5 ͰಘΒΕ ͷͱ Δɻ Λ 15 ʹ X ઢ ա ͷऔಘλ Έ ՌΛ Fig. 2 ʹ ɻ ͷଌఆ ݕ ग़ Ͱث Δ IP Λ PXR ग़ ૭ ʹޙ ஔ ߦ ΊɺμΫτετϦʔ ϛϯάͱӡ Ε ΤωϧΪʔ ཚ X ઢͷӨ ڹ Λड Δɻ ɺPXR ͷτωϧϊʔλ 5 kev ʹ औ ಘ Ռ ಉ ʹ Fig. 3 ʹ ɻΤωϧΪʔ ߴ ͳ ա ໘ɺ 2 থͷαΠζෆ ݦ ஶͱͳ ճ Ͱ Ͱ Δ খ ͳ ͱ Δɻͳ ɺX ઢͷΤωϧΪʔʹ 4 kev Ce ͷ K ٵ ऩ (4.444 kev) Λɺ5 kev Gd ͷ K ٵ ऩ (5.239 kev) Λ ɻ PXR intensity [a.u.] (a) target crash?.2.1 shutter close Time [s] PXR intensity [a.u.] (b) nd crystal angle [deg.] Figure 2: The results of X-ray imaging for a laser pointer (left) and a mouse device (right) using the 4-keV PXR beam. Each exposure time was 15 min using an IP. Figure 4: (a) Discontinuous and irreversible trip of the PXR intensity recorded at 34 kev. (b) Comparison between the rocking curves at the 2nd crystal before and after the intensity trip. ʹ Εɺ෦ తʹଟ থతʹͳ 2 থͷճ Λ ͳ ͳδ Ռͱਪଌ ΕΔɻ থͷ ଛ ݪ Ҽͱߟ ɺՃ ث ͷεςξϧϯά ΰχΦϝʔλΛௐ ࢠϏʔϜ ΔՕॴΛ Β ͱʹαγɺpxr ڧ Δఔ ճ෮ ɻ ͳ ΒɺҰ ͷ μπϡϟϯυ থ Ε ͳδα Ͱ Ͱಉ ͷ ੜ ɺಉ Α ͳରॲλ Γฦ ͱͱͳ ɻҰ ɺಥ తͰ ͳ ʑʹ PXR ݮ ڧ গ Α ͳ ݱ ಛʹ ଌ Εͳ ɻ 3.3 Figure 3: The results of X-ray imaging for a laser pointer (left) and a mouse device (right) using the 5-keV PXR beam. Each exposure time was 15 min using an IP. 3.2 থଛইͱ X ઢͷෆ ఆ ΤωϧΪʔબ ୯৭ X ઢΠϝʔδϯάͷ ʹݧ ɺλʔήοτ থͷ ଛʹ ى Ҽ ΔͱࢥΘΕ Δ X ઢͷෆ ఆ ʹ ۰ ɻFigure 4(a) PXR Τω ϧϊʔ 34 kev ͷ ʹ ه Ε ɺෆ ଓతͰෆՄ ٯ త ͳ PXR ڧ ͷมխͱ Δɻ ͷॠ తͳมԽҎ ڧ มಈ ݟ ΒΕͳ ɺ ͷલ ޙ ͷ 2 থʹΑΔճ ۂ ઢΛൺ ΔͱɺFig. 4(b) ʹ ΔΑ ʹ ʹ ۂ ઢͷ ܗ มΘ ɻ Εͱ ผʹɺຊདྷ γϯάϧϐʔϋͱ Δ ͷճ ۂ ઢ ɺ Ε ͳμϒ ϧϐʔϋͱͳ Δέʔε ɻ ΕΒͷঢ় گ Βɺ ࢠϏʔϜͷর ʹΑ λʔήοτ থ ಥ త ܕ Ґ૬ίϯτϥετΠϝʔδϯά γϧίϯ୯ থΛ PXR ઢ Ͱݯ থͷճ Λ ར Ґ૬ίϯτϥετΠϝʔδϯάͰ ͳ Ռ ಘΒΕ Δ ɺ Εʹ λʔήοτ Αͼ 2 থ ͱಉ থ໘Λ ໘ ͷ থ ඞཁͱͳΔ ΊɺμΠϠϞϯυ থΛઢ ͱݯ Δ ʹ ࢪࠔ Ͱ Δɻ ͳ Βɺ ྉ ݕ ग़ ث ͷ ڑ Λ ͱδʹαγ X ઢͷ ব ՌͰ ྉͷ ڥ ք ڧ ௐ ΕΔɺ ܕ Ґ૬ίϯτϥετ ͳβ ݧ Մ Ͱ Δ [7] ɻ ݧ ɺX ઢग़ ૭ Β 4 m Լ ʹ ݕ ग़ Ͱث Δ IP Λ ஔ ɺ ྉΛ IP ͷ લʹஔ ( ڑ m) ͱ X ઢ૭ ʹޙ ஔ ( ڑ 4 m) Ͱൺ ɻ ઢ Ͱݯ Δλʔήοτ থ Β X ઢ૭ Ͱ 7.3 mɺip Ͱ 11.3 m ͱͳδ Ίɺ ڑ 4 m ͷ ڑ m ͷ ͷ 1.5 ഒͷ ͱͳδɻfigure 5 PXR ΤωϧΪʔ 4 kev Ͱͷ ݧ ՌͰɺ ڑ m ͷ ͰԼ ڑ 4 m ͷ Ͱ Γɺ Ε Ε෦ త ʹ Λӈଆʹఴ Δɻ ڑ 4 m ͷ

4 ͱ ߟ Δͱɺ ͷ ͷ ܕ Ґ૬ί ϯτϥετͷ ՌʹΑΔ ͷͱࢥθεδɻ ͷ Ռ ɺ ͷ μπϡϟϯυ୯ থΛ ҙ Δ ͱ Ͱ Ε ɺ4 kev Ҏ ͷ X ઢΤωϧΪʔ Ҭʹ ίώʔϩϯτͳ X ઢϏʔϜ ൺ త༰қʹಘΒΕΔɺ ͱ ͱλ Δɻ kev-x ઢ ੜςετ Ұ ͷμπϡϟϯυ থΛ ݧ ͷ ͱޙ ɺ 6 kev ͷ X ઢͷ ੜΛ Έ ɻ ʹط λʔήοτ থͷ Խ ૬ ਐΜ ঢ়ଶͰͷ Ͱݧ Γɺ ݱ ͷ ݕ ग़ ث ͷ ײ ඇ ʹ ͳδτωϧϊʔ ҬͰ Δ Ίɺ ͱ ʹ X ઢͷϞχλϦϯά ܭ ଌ Ͱ ͳ ঢ়ଶͰͷ ଌఆͰ ɻPXR ੜ ஔͷΰχΦϝʔλͷύϧε ඪͷਫ਼ Λ৴ ɺPXR ΤωϧΪʔ 61 kev ʹ૬ Δ Bragg 6.5 ʹ Λ Θ ͰɺϞχλʔ ͳ Βͷௐ Λ ͳ IP Λ Λ Έ ɻ ɺ 2 থͷαΠζෆ ΑΓ ݦ ஶʹͳΓɺ Մ ͳϗʔϝαπζ Βʹখ ͳδ ΊɺPXR Ϗʔ ϜαΠζ 1.5 ഒʹ ΕΔ X ઢग़ ૭ Β 4 m Լ ʹ Λߦ ɻFigure 6 ͷ ՌͰ Γɺ ྉ ϨʔβϙΠϯλ ΑͼίϯύΫτɾσδλϧΧϝ ϥͱ Δɻѱ ͳ ଌఆͰ Γɺ 3 Δ ɺ ΕͰ 6 kev ͷ୯৭ X ઢͷ ੜ ͱ ΕΛ X ઢ ͷऔಘʹ ͱ ɺμΠ ϠϞϯυ থͷ X ઢ ͱݯ ͷմ Λ ͱ Ͱ ͳҙ ͱ Δɻ Figure 5: The result of the propagation-based phasecontrast imaging using the 4-keV PXR beam; upper: -m propagation, lower: 4-m propagation. Each exposure time was 3 min using an IP. Λ ݟ Δͱɺ ʹ ଌఆͷ ز Կ ʹ Δ ɺࠨ ͷ Ҭ 2 ʹμϒ Α ͳ ײ Ͱ ͷ ѱխ Δͷ Θ Δɻӈଆʹ ͷ Α ͳ ݱ ݟ ΒΕͳ ͷͱɺઢ ݯ απζʹ ى Ҽ Δ ͷϙέͱ ͳ ͱࢥθεδɻλʔήοτ থͷଆ໘ͷ د ༩ʹΑΓ 2 ʹϒϨΔ ݱ γϧίϯ থͷ Ͱ ݧܦ Γɺ Ε λʔήοτ থ Δ 2 থͷ ܗ ঢ়ʹ ى Ҽ Δ Ͱ ΔՄ ߴ [8, 9] ɻ থʹ ى Ҽ Δ Δ ͷͷɺঢ়ଶͷ ͷ ӈଆͱൺ ΔͱɺX ઢͷ ٵ ऩ ऑ ϓϥενοΫͳͲ ͷ ݩ Ͱߏ Ε Δ෦ ͷ Δͷ Θ Δɻ ٵ ऩͷ ڧ ෦ Ͱ ҧ ͳ Figure 6: The results of X-ray imaging for a laser pointer (left) and a digital camera (right) using the 61-keV PXR beam. Each exposure time was 3 min using an IP. 4. থͷଛইͷ ࢠ μπϡϟϯυ୯ থΛ PXR ઢ ݧ ͱݯ Δ ݧ Λऴ ޙ ɺμΠϠϞϯυ থΛऔΓग़ ɺ௨ ͷγ Ϧίϯ୯ থͷηοτʹ ɻऔΓग़ Ε μπϡϟ ϯυ থΛ ͱ Ζɺ 2 থʹ ಛʹ લ ΒมΘ ͱ Ζ ݟ ΒΕͳ ɺλʔήο τ থ ࠇ ม৭ ɻ ޙݧ ͷλʔήοτ থͷ ਅΛ Fig. 7 ʹ ɺ༧ ௨Γແ ͷͻͼ Ε ੜ ɻ ͷ ൺ తଗ Γɺ Γน ໘

5 ߟจ ݙ Figure 7: Photographs of the target crystal after the experiment, in which the crystal was irradiated with the 1-MeV electron beam from the linac. ʹԊ Ε ΔͱࢥΘΕΔɻ ɺFig. 7 ӈਤ থͷཪଆ ( ࢠϏʔϜ ग़ ߦ ଆ) ͷ ਅ ɺ ʹͱ ͳ ح ɺද໘ βϥβϥʹͳ ɻ ࢠ Δදଆʹ ͷ ͳมխ ݟ ΒΕ ɺ ࢠͷલ ʹ ੜ Δ ಈ ͱ ͷ Δ ݱ Εͳ ɻ ࠓճ μπϡϟϯυ থ ɺ ݟ ʹ ԫ৭ ෆ७ ͱ ଟ ΕΔ ͷͱ Ίɺ ࢠͷর ʹΑ Χϥʔηϯλʔ ੜ ɺ ٸ ʹ ࠇ৭Խ ਐΜ ͷͱࢥθεδɻpxr ͷ ڍ ಈʹ ɺ ਐతʹ ڧ ऑ ͳδ ಛʹ ଌ Ε ͳ ͷͱɺஅఆ Ͱ ͳ ɺ ࢠর ʹΑ ࠇԖͳͲ থ ߏ มԽ ͱ Α ͳө ڹ গͳ Α ʹࢥΘΕΔɻ Γ থͷͻͼ ΕͰ Δɻ 1 mm ͱ λʔήοτͱ ͳγ ͷλ ɺ ಔ ͷϗϧμʔʹ ͳγ ݻ ఆ ͱ ͻͼ ΕΛ༠ Մ Δɻ औΓग़ ΕΔ PXR ϏʔϜͷ ϓϩϑΝΠϧෆ ۉ Ұ ɺ 2 থ Ί ɺϗϧμʔ ͷ ݻ ఆͰੜ থͷ Έ ͷұҽͱ Εͳ ɻ থͷ ݻ ఆʹ ɺࠓ ݕޙ ౼ ͷ ɺվળ ඞཁ Δɻ 5. [1] ګ, Ճ ث 6 (29) 166. [2] Y. Takahashi, Y. Hayakawa, et al., X-Ray Spectrom. 41 (212) 21, doi: 1.12/xrs.243. [3] M. Inagaki, Y. Hayakawa, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47 (28) 881, doi: /JJAP [4] Y. Hayakawa, I. Sato, K. Hayakawa, T. Tanaka, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. B 227 (25) 32, doi: 1.116/j.nimb [5] Y. Hayakawa, K. Hayakawa, et al., Proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Tokai (29) 748, publish/pasj6/papers/toapa1.pdf [6] Yu. Adishchev, V. G. Baryshevsky, et al., Sov. Phys. JETP Lett. 41 (1985) 361. [7] Y. Hayakawa, K. Hayakawa, et al., Nucl. Instrum. and Meth. B 266 (28) 3758, doi: 1.116/j.nimb [8] Y. HAYAKAWA, K. HAYAKAWA, et al., IL NUOVO CIMENTO 34C (211) 253, doi: /ncc/i [9] Y. Hayakawa, K. Hayakawa, et al., Proceedings of the 7th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Himeji (21) 788, publish/pasj7/ proceedings/p 5PM/P EH 5PM/THPS9.pdf ͱί LEBRA-PXR ઢ ݯ ͷ 2 থγεςϜΛ ɺࢢ Ͱ खՄ ͳμπϡϟϯυ୯ থΛ PXR ઢ ͱݯ ɻ থͷ απζʹ ͱ ͳ ɺ(4) ໘Λ Δ ͱʹαγɺ དྷͷγϦίϯ থ Ͱ ୡ ͳ 34 kev Ҏ ͷ PXR ͷ ੜΛ ɺ ΕΛ X ઢ Λऔಘ Δ ͱ Ͱ ɻ ଌఆ ͷ ɺ ߴ X ઢΤωϧΪʔͱ 61 kev Λୡ ɻ ಘΒΕΔ PXR ϏʔϜͷ ʹ ɺ ܕ Ґ૬ί ϯτϥετπϝʔδϯάʹα ͱ Ζɺ থ ͷঢ়ଶͷ ͱ ΖͰ 4 kev ͰҐ૬ίϯτϥετͷ Ռ ଌͰ ɻ୯ থΛ Ε ɺ ͱ X ઢͷ ΤωϧΪʔ ߴ ͳ ɺγϦίϯ থͱಉ ʹ ίώʔϩϯτͳ X ઢϏʔϜ ಘΒΕΔ ͱ ɺPXR ͷ ຊ తͳಛ ͱ Θ ɻ ͱ ɺ ࢠϏʔϜর ʹΑ λʔήοτ থʹಥ తʹͻͼ Ε ੜ Δ ͱ ʹͳ ɻ থͷଛইʹ ɺγϦίϯ থͱ ҟͳδɻ থͷϗϧμʔ ͷ ݻ ఆ ݪ ҼͷҰ ͱߟ ΒΕɺࠓ ޙ վળ ඞཁ Δɻ