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1 bo + + reward system,, /0/ *21+ +, TEL : * *.1 FAX : * */* yamamoto@hus.osaka-u.ac.jp

2 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol. -2 No. -,** Steiner -,- Steiner. +0 * MSG : Monosodium Glutamate - -.

3 , / 0 bo bo 1, 2 bo 1 bo bo bo bo -, bo conditioned taste aversion, CTA bo Yamamoto 1 - DA : GABA : go Glu : OP : +1

4 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol. -2 No. -,**1 203.A 3.B +* ,, +- +., +/ / / - +. / A Richardson and Gratton 3 + B * Shimura +* +1, bo

5 bo - +, - bo bo 0 / bo : bo + :,**+ p1+, Berridge, K.C. : Food reward : brain substrates of wanting and liking, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.,,*, +,/, (+330). - Steiner, J.E. (ed. Bosma, J.F.) : (+31-), The gustofacial response : obsevation on normal and anencephalic newborn infants, in. th symposium on Oral Sensation and Perception, p,/.,12, U.S. Government Printing O$ce, Washington, D.C.. Steiner, J.E. (ed. Kawamura, Y. and Kare, M.R.) : (+321), What the neonate can tell us about umami, in Umami : A Basic Taste, p 31 +,-, Marcel Dekker, New York. / Blass, E.M. and Ho#meyer, L.B. : Sucrose as an analgesic for newborn infants, Pediatrics, 21,,+/,+2, (+33+). 0 Shimura, T., Kamada, Y. and Yamamoto, T. : Ventral tegmental lesions reduce overconsumption of normally preferred taste fluid in rats, Behav. Brain Res., +-., +,- +-*, (,**,). 1 Yamamoto, T., Sako, N. and Maeda, S. : E#ects of taste stimulation on boendorphin levels in rat cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, Physiol. Behav., 03, -./ -/*, (,***). 2 : +330 p +, Richardson, N.R. and Gratton, A. Behavior-related changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine transmission elicited by food reinforcement : an electrochemical study in rat, J. Neurosci., +0, 2+0* 2+03, (+330). +* Shimura, T., Imaoka, H., Okazaki, Y., Kanamori, Y., Fushiki, T. and Yamamoto, T. : Involvement of the mesolimbic system in palatability-induced ingestion, Chem. Senses, -*, i+22 i+23, (,**/). ++ Adino#, B. : Neurobiologic processes in drug reward and addiction, Harv. Rev. Psychiatry, +,, -*/ -,*, (,**.). +, Shimura, T., Imaoka, H. and Yamamoto, T. : Neurochemical modulation of ingestive behavior in the ventral pallidum, Eur. J. Neurosci.,,-, +/30 +0*., (,**0). +- : ,.,**0 +. Kobashi, M., Furudono, Y., Matsuo, R. and Yamamoto, T. : Central orexin facilitates gastric relaxation and contractility in rats, Neurosci. Lett., --,, , (,**,). +/ Furudono, Y., Ando, C., Yamamoto, C., Kobashi, M. and Yamamoto, T. : Involvement of specifi orexigenic

6 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol. -2 No. -,**1 205 neuropeptides in sweetener-induced overconsumption in rats, Behav. Brain Res., +1/,,.+,.2, (,**0). +0 : +330 p +0/ :./,+,0,**1 From palatability to addiction its brain mechamism Takashi YAMAMOTO Division of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University +, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka /0/ *21+, Japan Abstract An addiction to a particular food denotes a state of very strong preference and a craving for the food. The representative brain substances such as b-endorphin, dopamine and orexin are released when we feel the food is delicious, want to eat it more and show actual feeding behavior, respectively. Dopamine activates the reward system in the brain which is known to be the neural substrate of drug addictions. Since these - substances interact with each other to facilitate their releases, the food addiction may reflect the state of over-releases of these substances to particular food items. Key words : addiction, b-endorphin, dopamine, orexin, reward system