Railway Project Railway Embankments Design for the New Double High Speed Railway Line Liakokladi - Domokos Central Greece

Transcript

1 Railway Railway Embankments Design for the New Double High Speed Railway Line Liakokladi - Domokos Central Greece Designs of reinforced embankments for the project: Design of infrastructure Works from CH until CH of the New Double High Speed Railway Line at the section Lianokladi Domokos Design: Construction: Total Length of Excavation Works: 4000m Embankments : soil or rock fill material reinforced with geogrids Modulation Geometry: one or double sided Reinforced slopes with gradient 2:3 Deck Width: 13.0m 13.5 m Maximum Height: 20m Recent disposals, scree, serpentinized peridodites, limestone s flysh formations, weathered mantle, schistosed serpentinites, ophicalcites (encountered as highly weathered or as rocky formations) Final Detailed Design Construction Drawings Construction Details Construction of drainage foundation improvement layer and application of separation geotextile Construction of embankments with soil fill materials Foundation of the embankments with reinforced geogrids Installation of 3-D protection geogrid for slope protection Construction J/V AKTOR S.A. - TERNA S.A. Typical cross sections of an embankment

2 ΛΕΠΤΟΜΕΡΕΙΑ "C " D E TA IL " C" Λ ΕΠ ΤΟΜΕ ΡΕΙΑ "A " D E TA IL " A " S R4 Special Geotechnical Applications Reinforced Embankment Final Designs and Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Final Designs Elefsina Korinthos Patras Pyrgos - Tsakona Motorway, Concession Central & Southern Greece Final designs of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with height up to 15m and reinforced embankments of height up to 26m for treating with adverse geometries during the construction of highway embankments ΑΞΟΝΑΣ AXIS MO Total project s cost: approx. 80 m. Design: Construction: - Total reinforced embankment and MSEW length: ~8300m Maximum height: 26m MSEW slope: 1:1 up to vertical Reinforced embankment slope: 2:3 up to 1:1 'Αξονα ς αυτοκ/μου Motorway axis Cross Section of reinforced embankment Pliocene and Plio-pleistocene Marls, Conglomerates, Alternations of Marl-Conglomerates, Alluvial Deposits, Weathered slope materials, Sands, Gravels, Clay-Silts Geotechnical interpretation and design parameter assessment Stability evaluation of MSEW with specialized software Internal and External stability checks Appropriate Geogrid application according to fill material characteristics Gabion walls layout in geometrically complex areas Final Detailed Design Cross Section of composite mechanically stabilized earth-wall with foundation support AKTOR S.A.

3 Μόνιμα προεντεταμένα αγκύρια μήκ ους, αριθμού τενόντων και φορτίου προέντασης ως σχετικό πίνακα. Εναλλάξ εφαρμογή κλίσης αγκυρίων 5 και 10, σε κάνναβο 4.0m x 2. 0m (ύψος x μήκος) P erm anent pre-stressed anchors with length, number of strands and prestressed load according to the relevant table. V ari ati on of anchor i ncl i nation from 5 to 10, every successi ve pre-stressed anchor, i n grid 4.0m x 2. 0 m (h ei gh t x length) Μόνιμα αγκ ύρι α ολόσ ωμης πάκτωσης, με τσιμεντένεμα σε όλο το μήκος τους, φέρουσας εφελκυστικής ικανότητας 250kN, B500c, Ø28, από γαλβανισμένο χάλυβα, μήκ ους 12.00m, σε διάτρημα Ø3', σε πεσσοειδή κάνναβο 2.0m x 2. 0m, με κατωφερική κλίση 10 Permanent soi l nai l s f ul l y grouted, tensile bearing capacity 250kN, B500c, Ø28, from gal vani sed steel, 12.00m length, in drill hole Ø3', in staggered grid 2.0m x 2. 0m, at downward i nclination 10 5 ή/or 10 Αγκύρωση μεταλλι κού πλέγματος Anchoring of the steel wire mesh net 8.00 Τοπική εφαρμογή μόνι μων περιφραγματικών αποστραγγιστικών οπών μήκους 6.0m, ον ομασ τικής δι αμέ τρου 3', σε κάνναβο 2.0mx4.0m (ύψος x μήκος), με ελάχιστη ανωφε ρική κλίση 6, εάν απαιτείται Local application of permanent double wall screen drainage holes, 6. 0m l ong, nom i nal di am et er 3'', i n a 2.0mx4.0m (height x length) pattern, wi th 6 mi nim um upward inclination, if required Α A ή/or 10 Μόνιμα προεντεταμένα αγκύρια μήκ ους, αριθμού τενόντων και φορτίου προέ ντασ ης ως σχετικό πίνακα. Εναλλάξ εφαρμογή κλίσης αγκυρίων 5 και 10, σε κάνναβο 4.0 m x 2.0m (ύψος x μήκος) Permanent pre-stressed anchors with length, number of st rands and prestressed l oad accordi ng to the relevant table. Variation of anchor i ncl ination from 5 to 10, every successi ve pre-stressed anchor, i n grid 4.0 m x 2.0m (hei ght x length) Υφιστάμενο φυσικό ανάγλυφο Existing ground level Περίφραξη Fencing Αποστραγγιστική τριγωνική τάφρος T ri angul ar drainage ditch Αγκύρωση μεταλλι κού πλέγματος Anchoring of the steel wire mesh net Αγκύρωση μεταλλι κού πλέγματος με αγκύρια ολόσωμης πάκτωσης, με τσ ι με ντέ ν ε μα σε όλο το μήκος τους, φέρουσας εφελκυστικής ικανότητας 200kN, B500c, Ø25, απ ό γαλβανισμένο χάλυβα, μήκους 3.00m, σε διάτρημα Ø3', σε πεσσοειδή κάνναβο 2.5m x 2. 5m, με κατωφ ερική κλίση 10 Anchorage of the steel wire mesh net with soil nails fully grouted, tensile bearing capacity 200kN, B500c, Ø25, from galvanised steel, 3.00m length, in dri ll hol e Ø3 '', i n staggered grid 2.5m x 2. 5m, at downward i nclination 10 2: Αγκύρωσ η με ταλ λι κού πλέγματος Anchoring of the steel wire mesh net M εταλλικό πλέγμα τύπου Galfan 8/2.4 ή αναλόγου S t e el wi r e mesh net Ga l fan 8/2.4 type or equivalent 10 Αύλακα απ οσ τράγγ ι σ ης αναβαθμού Bench drainage trench Τοπική εφαρμογή μόνι μων περιφραγματικών αποστραγγιστικών οπών μήκους 6. 0m, ονομαστικής διαμέτρου 3', σε κάνναβο 2.0mx4.0m (ύψος x μήκος), με ελάχιστη ανωφε ρική κλίση 6, εάν απαιτείται Local appl icat i on of perm anent double wall screen drainage holes, 6. 0m l ong, nom i nal di am et er 3'', in a 2.0mx4.0m (height x length) pattern, with 6 m inimum upward inclination, if required 2: Αποσ τραγγισ τική τριγωνική τάφρος T riangular drainage ditch Τοπική εφαρμογή μόνι μων περιφραγματικών απόστραγγιστικών οπών μήκους 8. 0m, ονομασ τι κής διαμέτρου 3'', σε κάνναβο 4.00mx4.00m, με αν ωφ ε ρι κ ή κλίση 10, με δύο απ όσ τραγγιστικούς σωλήνες από PVC (π.χ. δι πλοί σωλήνες D URVINIL), εάν απαιτεί ται Local appl i cati on of perm anent doubl e wall screen drainage holes, 8.0m l ong, nom i nal di ameter 3', in grid 4.00mx 4. 00m, wit h 10 mi ni mum upward inclination, consisting of two concentric drainage PVC pipes (e.g. DURVINIL doubl e wal l screen), if required Εφαρμογή εύκαμπτου τρι σ δι άσ τατου γεώπλεγματος ενισχυμένο με διπλής περιέλιξης, ατσ άλι νο πλέγμα με βαρύ γαλβάνισμα (τύπου Gal fan), με ελάχιστη διάμμετρο 2.7mm, τύπ ου 8x10 (ελάχιστο άνοι γμα καννάβου D=8cm ), ελάχιστης εφελκυστικής αντοχής 45kN/m, ή γεωσύνθετου πλέγματος τύπου M A CMAT R (R1 8127GN) ή αντίστοιχο Appl i cati on of rei nforced Geomat, wi th doubl e t wisted, woven steel wire mesh with Galfan coating, wire diameter 2.7mm or more, type 8x10 (minimum mesh opening D=8cm), of mi ni m um tensi l e strength 45kN/m, or st eel reinforced geomat type MACMAT R (R1 8127GN) or equivalent 7.44 Τοπική εφαρμογή μόν ι μων περιφραγματικών απόστραγγιστικών οπών μήκ ους 8.0m, ονομασ τι κής δι αμέτρου 3'', σε κάνναβο 4.00mx4.00m, με ανωφε ρι κή κλί ση 10, με δύο απ ό σ τραγγιστικούς σωλήνες από PVC (π. χ. διπλοί σ ωλήνες DU RVINIL), εάν απαιτείται Local appl ication of permanent double wall screen drainage holes, 8.0m l ong, nomi nal di am eter 3', in grid 4. 00mx4.00m, with 10 mi ni mum upward i ncl i nati on, consi sti ng of two concentric drainage PVC pipes (e.g. DURV INI L doubl e wal l screen), if required Εκτοξευόμενο σκυρόδεμα γι α την πλήρωση των κοι λοτήτων που δημι ουργούν ται από υπερεσκαφές ή από τοπι κέ ς αστοχίες (εάν απαιτείται) Gunite for the filling of cavities formed by ov erexc av at i ons or l oc al f ailures (if required) M εταλλικό πλέγμα τύπου Galfan 8/ 2.4 ή αν αλόγου S t eel w i re mesh net Gal fan 8/ 2.4 ty pe or equivalent Αύλακα απ οσ τράγ γ ι σ ης αναβαθμού Benc h drai nage trench : Αγκύρωση με ταλλ ι κού πλέγματος Anchori ng of the s teel wire mesh net Αγκύρωση με ταλ λι κ ού πλέγματος με αγ κ ύρια ολόσωμης πάκτωσης, με τσ ι μεντέ νε μα σε όλο το μήκος τους, φέρουσας εφελκυστικής ικανότητας 200kN, B500c, Ø25, από γαλβανισμένο χάλυβα, μήκους 3.00m, σε διάτρημα Ø3', σε πεσσοειδή κάνναβο 2.5m x 2.5m, με κατωφερική κλίση 10 Anchorage of the steel wire mesh net with soil nails fully grouted, tensile bearing capacity 200kN, B500c, Ø25, from galvanised steel, 3.00m length, in drill hole Ø3'', in staggered grid 2.5m x 2.5m, at downward inclination M εταλλικό πλέγμα τύπου Galfan 8/ 2. 4 ή αν αλόγου S teel wi re mesh net Gal fan 8/2.4 type or equivalent 2:1 2:1 Δοκός από οπλι σ μένο σκυρόδεμα C 30/37 για τη σύνδεση των π ροε ν τεταμένων αγκυρίων (Βλέπε σχέδιο Λε πτομερει ών 1OK F01323A- ) Rei nforced concrete beam C 30/37 for the connection of t he pre-stressed anchors (See drawi ng of details 1OK F 01323A-) 1.50 Αύλακα αποστράγγι σης αναβαθμού Bench drainage trench Τοπική εφαρμογή μόνι μων περιφραγματικών αποστραγγιστικών οπών μήκους 6.0m, ονομαστικής διαμέτρου 3', σε κάνναβο 2.0mx4.0m (ύψος x μήκος), με ελάχιστη ανωφε ρική κλίση 6, εάν απαιτείται Local application of permanent double wall screen drainage holes, 6.0m long, nom inal diameter 3'', in a 2.0mx4.0m (height x length) pat tern, wi th 6 m i ni m um upward inclination, if required Αύλακα αποσ τράγγι σ ης αναβαθμού B ench drai nage trench Μόνιμα προεντεταμένα αγκ ύρι α μήκους, αριθμού τενόντων και φορτίου προέντασης ως σχετικό πίνακα. Εναλλάξ εφαρμογή κλί σης αγκυρίων 5 και 10 Perm anent pre-stressed anchors with length, number of strands and prestressed l oad accordi ng to the relevant table. Vari ati on of anchor i ncl i nation from 5 to 10, every successive pre-stressed anchor M εταλλικό πλέγμα τύπου Galfan 8/2.4 ή αν αλόγου S t eel w i re mesh net Gal fan 8/ 2.4 ty pe or equivalent Αύλακα αποσ τράγγι σης αναβαθμού Bench drainage trench Αγκύρωση μεταλλικού πλέγματος Anchoring of the steel wire mesh net Αγκύρωση με ταλ λι κού πλέγματος με αγ κύρια ολόσωμης πάκτωσης, με τσ ι μεντέ νε μα σε όλο το μήκος τους, φέρουσας εφελκυστικής ικανότητας 200kN, B500c, Ø25, από γαλβανισμένο χάλυβα, μήκους 3.00m, σε διάτρημα Ø3', σε πεσσοειδή κάνναβο 2.5m x 2.5m, με κατωφερική κλίση 10 Anchorage of the steel wire mesh net with soil nails fully grouted, tensile bearing capacity 200kN, B500c, Ø25, from galvanised steel, 3.00m length, in drill hole Ø3'', in staggered grid 2.5m x 2.5m, at downward inclination 10 3: Αγκύρωση με ταλλ ι κού πλέγματος Anchori ng of the steel wire mesh net Εφαρμογή εύκαμπτου τρι σ δι άσ τατου γεώπλεγματος ενισχυμένο με διπλής περιέλιξης, ατσάλινο πλέγμα με βαρύ γαλβάνισμα (τύπ ου Gal fan), με ελάχιστη διάμμετρο 2.7mm, τύπου 8x10 (ελάχιστο άνοι γμα καννάβου D=8cm), ελάχιστης εφελκυστικής αντοχής 45kN/m, ή γεωσύνθετου πλέγματος τύπου M A CMAT R (R1 8127GN) ή αντίστοιχο A ppl i cati on of rei nf orced Geom at, wi t h doubl e twisted, woven steel wire mesh with Galfan coating, wire di ameter 2.7mm or more, type 8x10 (minimum mesh opening D=8cm), of m i ni mum tensi l e strength 45kN/m, or steel reinforced geomat type MACMAT R (R1 8127GN) or equivalent : M εταλλικό πλέγμα τύπου Galfan 8/ 2. 4 ή αν αλόγου Steel wire mesh net Galfan 8/ 2.4 t y pe or equivalent 3: Αύλακα απ οσ τράγγ ι σ ης αναβαθμού Benc h drai nage trench Αύλακα αποσ τράγγισ ης αναβαθμού B ench drai nage trench Αγκύρωση με ταλ λι κού πλέγματος A nchori ng of the steel wire mesh net Μόνιμα αγ κύρι α ολόσ ωμης πάκτωσης, με τσιμεντένεμα σε όλο το μήκος τους, φέρουσας εφελκυστικής ικανότητας 250kN, B500c, Ø28, από γαλβανισμένο χάλυβα, μήκους 12.00m, σε διάτρημα Ø3', σε πεσσοειδή κάνναβο 2. 0m x 2. 0m, με κατωφερική κλίση 10 Permanent soil nails fully grouted, tensile bearing capacity 250kN, B500c, Ø28, from gal vani sed steel, 12.00m length, in drill hole Ø3', in staggered grid 2.0m x 2. 0m, at downward i nclination "Βλέπε παρατήρηση No 19" "See remark No 19" ΚΛ./SC : 1: Τα χαρακτηριστικά της στρώσης έδρασης οδοσ τρωσ ί ας θα καθοριστούν από τη σχετική Μελέτη Οδοστρωμάτων T he charac t eri st i cs of the pavement bedding layer will be determined by the relevant Pavement Design : Ενδεικτική διαμόρφωση οδοποιίας Indicative roadway configuration Τοίχος αν αχαί τι σ ης καταπτώσεων Rock slides intercepting walls Highway General Excavation Works Earthworks Designs Elefsina Korinthos Patras Pyrgos - Tsakona Motorway, Concession Central & Southern Greece Final Geotechnical earthwork Designs in the Korinthos Patras stretch from C.P. 20 up to C.P. 80 (Cuts & Embankments) Total project s cost: approx. 180 m. Design: Construction: Total length of Excavation Works Cuts: 12,000m Bare or partially reinforced embankments: 23,000 m Open Cuts: Slope layout and reinforcement of open cuts Use of fully grouted permanent or prestressed anchors Slopes with gradient 2:3~ 3:1 Maximum slope height: 12m Maximum total cut height: 65m Cross Section of open cut with prestressed anchors and fully bonded permanent anchors Embankments: Soil fill material Bare or partially reinforced embankments with geogrids due to seismic design Modulation Geometry: one or double sided Slopes with gradient 2:3 Deck Width: 30m - 50m Maximum Height: 14m Pliocene and Plio-pleistocene Marls, Conglomerates, Alternations of Marl-Conglomerates, Alluvial Deposits, Weathered slope materials, Sands, Gravels, Clay-Silts, Limestones Geotechnical interpretation and design parameter assessment Geotechnical parameters optimization with slope stability back analysis Stability evaluation with specialized software Appropriate Geogrid application according to fill material characteristics Check and dimensioning of prestressed anchors according to EC7 Assessment and determination of the seismic load according to the area s geotechnical profile Application of geocomposites for hydraulic erosion control as well as rock barrier rock fall systems Final Detailed Design s OLYMPIA JOINT VENTURE (HOCHTIEF Construction AG AKTOR S.A.) AKTOR S.A Cross section of high open cut with appropriate slope protection with anchored wire mesh Cross section of partially reinforced embankment due to seismic design ΑΞΟΝΑΣ ΑΥΤ/ΔΡΟΜΟΥ AXIS MOTORWAY

4 Existing Rock trap wall Υφιστάμενος τοίχος βραχοπαγίδας Indicative positions of anchors (where required acc ording to the in situ conditions) Ενδεικτικές θέσεις αγ κυρίων (όπου απαιτείται από τις επί τόπου συνθήκες ) Existing Terrain Υφιστάμενο φυσικό ανάγλυφο Permanent f ully grouted spot rock bolts with antioxidant protection coating Φ25, S500 length 4.00m, bearing capacity 2 00kN Μόνιμες σποραδικές ηλώσεις βράχου Φ 25, S500 πλήρους ενεμάτωσης με αντιοξειδωτική προστασία, μήκους 4.00m, φέρουσας ι κ ανότητας 200kN Indicative positions of anchors (where required according to the in situ conditions) Ενδεικτικές θέσεις αγ κυρίων (όπου απαιτείται από τις επί τόπου συνθήκες ) Terrain Φυσικό αν άγ λυφο Slopes, Cuts and Embankments Slope Stability Audit of existing highway cuts and embankments Elefsina Korinthos Patras Pyrgos Tsakona Motorway, Concession project Southern Greece Detailed design of slope repair and remedial works for the existing embankments and cuts of Elefsina Korinthos Patras Pyrgos Tsakona Motorway s Total Costs: approx. ~5 m Design: 2008 Construction: Rehabilitation of existing cuts and embankments Left branch Αριστερός κλάδος Right branch Δεξιός κλάδος Limestones, marly limestones, conglomerates and artificial embankment bodies Indicative cross section with the appropriate repair and remedial measures Final Geotechnical Detailed Design Identification and registration of all problems and hazards Geological mapping and assessment of the geotechnical parameters Stability analysis to determine the potential failures and to work on the protection measures Determination of all necessary protection and rehabilitation measures (installation of rock fall barriers, slope support) Construction Drawings Bill of quantities - Budget Construction Details Scaling with the use of light mechanical means Installation of rockfall barriers Installation of slope protection measures Application of permanent rock bolts Installation of 3-D protection geogrid Application of hydroseeding Rehabilitation of damaged drainage culvert Construction of drainage ditch at the top of existing retaining wall Construction of support walls View of an existing cut APION KLEOS Construction JV (VINCI CONSTRUCTION GRANDS PROJETS S.A.S. - HOCHTIEF Construction AG - J&P-AVAX S.A. - ATHENA S.A. AKTOR S.A. GEK/TERNA S.A.)

5 Highway General Excavation Works Highway Excavation Works PATHE SECTION, Maliakos Kleidi Motorway, Concession Central Greece Highway Excavation works for Maliakos Kleidi Motorway GU 10 ~ 14, GU 16 ~ 19, GU 24 ~ 25 Total Cost: approx. ~600 m. Design: Construction: Total Length of Excavation Works: GU 10 ~ 14: 5,350m GU 16 ~ 19: 6,050m GU 24 ~ 25: 17,200m 1. Embankments : soil fill or rock fill material reinforced or loose with geogrids Modulation Geometry: one or double sided Reinforced slopes with gradient 2:1 ~ 2:3 Deck Width: 30m - 50 m Maximum Height: 11m 2. Open Cuts :Modulation and Support of open cuts Slopes with gradient 2:3 Maximum Height: 10m GU 10 ~ 14: Recent disposals, Phyllites GU 16 ~ 19: Recent Disposals, ophiolithic sequence, Limestones, marbles GU 24 ~ 25: Disposals, ophiolithic sequence Geotechnical evaluation model Ground Geotechnical Interpretation Report Geotechnical Drawings of longitudinal and cross sections Final Detailed Geotechnical Design Construction Drawings Construction Details 1. Embankments : Construction of drainage trenches at the foot of the slope Construction of embankments with soil fill or rock fill materials Foundation of the embankments with reinforced geogrids Construction of support walls Construction of embankments with severe gradient and gabion facing Foundation of the embankments with the use of piles 2. Open Cuts: Installation of anchors Installation of meshes Construction of support walls Typical cross section of embankment MALIAKOS KLEIDI CONSTRUCTION JV (HOCHTIEF - AKTOR J&P AVAX VINCI CGP AEGEK ATHENA)

6 Special Geotechnical Applications Embankment Designs with lightweight materials Pathe Section Maliakos Kleidi Motorway, Concession Central Greece Bridge replacement by Embankment with lightweight materials (EPS) in combination with special protection structures for the protection of the central natural gas pipeline and the high speed railway line from Athens to Thessaloniki Total project s cost: approx. 18 m. Design: Construction: - Combination of conventional and lightweight embankment with EPS application for the protection of the central natural gas pipeline and the high speed railway line from Athens to Thessaloniki and optimization of the construction conditions Total embankment length: ~700m Total lightweight embankment length: ~120m Maximum lightweight embankment height: 10-16m Lightweight embankment slopes: 2:3 up to vertical Composite embankment with conventional and lightweight materials and protection structure for the natural gas pipeline Alluvial deposits, silt-clay of low to medium plasticity Bedrock formation from weathered layers of amphibolitic schist Design Details Final Detailed Geotechnical design Geotechnical investigation and pile loading tests Trial embankment monitoring for a 3-month time period Technoeconomic design for minimizing construction cost Geotechnical foundation design and optimization of the protection structures of the central natural gas pipeline, the National Road and the high speed railway from Athens to Thessaloniki Structural and Seismic protection Design of the conventional and lightweight embankment Design of retaining wall for lightweight and conventional embankment with mixed foundation on piles and slab-type footing Retaining wall founded on piles with EPS fill Foot-wall founded on conventional embankment in combination with EPS fill AKTOR S.A. Composite embankment with conventional and lightweight materials and protection structure for natural gas pipeline as well as railway underpass

7 Confrontation of geotechnical hazards in earthworks New National Road Agios Nikolaos Kalo Chorio Crete, Southern Greece Roadway Cuts and Embankments Construction cost Total cost: approx. 4 m. Design: 2010 Construction: 2011 Technical inspection of geotechnical hazards for incomplete earthworks, as well as, for earthworks to be constructed Limestones, marls formations, debris materials General view of cuts - embankments Review and technical audit of existing geotechnical designs Geotechnical evaluation of incomplete earthworks Proposal of documented technical design solutions for all the earthworks of the roadway stretch J/V AKTOR S.A. ELTER S.A. Cut s general view Indicative typical cross section with protection measures

8 Highway Embankment High Embankment of Metsovo Interchange Egnatia Highway, Section 3.2 Northern Greece Highway embankment Total cost: approx. 1,0 m. Design: 2000 Construction: Reinforced embankment with gabions combined with geogrids Modulation Geometry: Modulation of reinforced slopes with gradient 2:1 & 1:1 All other slopes were modulated with gradient 1:2 Length: 110m Max. Width: 90m Max. Height: 50m Western view of the embankment Flysch formation consisting of thick bedded sandstones and red pelites Detailed Final Geotechnical Design Construction drawings Construction Details Construction of the embankment with use of sandstone material Strength of geogrids 400KNm Gabions dimensions 1m x 1m x 2m & 1m x 0,5m x 2m Length of the reinforcement bars 20m & 25m South view of the embankment EGNATIA ODOS S.A. Reinforced earth in the upper slope

9 Embankments Egnatia Highway, Section Northern Greece Highway embankments Total cost: approx. from 0,15 to 0,6 m. Design: Construction: Embankments constructed with rock fill or reinforced with geotextiles, geogrids and preconstructed elements Maximum heights: 30-70m G6 rock fill embankment, maximum height 50m Phyllites, travertine, sandstones Detailed Final Geotechnical Design s AKTOR S.A. AEGEK S.A. G3 reinforced embankment, maximum height 70m Reinforced earth embankment constructed with travertine materials and preconstructed reinforced elements, maximum height 38m

10 Highway Embankment G3 Embankment Egnatia Highway, Section Northern Greece Highway embankment Total cost: approx. 0,6 m. Design: 2001 Construction: Reinforced embankment with geotextiles Modulation Geometry: Slopes with gradient 2:3 in the lower 25m Slopes with gradient 1:1 with benches per 10m of slope height, up to the embankment crest Length: 140m Width: 50m Max. Height: 70m View of the embankment during the construction phase Phyllites, sandstones, schists Detailed Final Geotechnical Design Construction drawings Construction Details Placement of reinforced earth in the upper three slopes of the embankment Maximum length of geotextiles 50m Placement of geotextiles per 0.5m up to 1,0m Downstream view of the embankment after the completion of works AEGEK S.A. Upstream view of the embankment after the completion of works

11 Highway Embankment Travertine Embankment Egnatia Highway, Section Northern Greece Highway embankment Total cost: approx. 0,4 m. Design: 2000 Construction: Reinforced embankment with pre-constructed elements Modulation Geometry: Slopes with gradient 2:3 Vertical slope of reinforced earth with height 10m Length: 180m Width: 30m Max Height: 38m View of the embankment during the construction phase Travertine, loose soil materials Detailed Final Geotechnical Design Construction drawings Construction Details Embankment construction with travertine materials Use of reinforced earth of VSL type constituted of steel bars and pre-constructed concrete elements Reinforced earth length 10m Placement of reinforcements per 75cm AKTOR S.A. View of the embankment after the completion of works

12 Highway Embankment Asomaton Embankment Egnatia Highway, Section Northern Greece Highway embankment Total cost: approx. 1 m. Design: 2003 Construction: Two-sided soil embankment for the replacement of a previous failed embankment Modulation Geometry: One slope with gradient 1:3 (upstream section) and with gradient 2:3 (downstream section) Length: 90m Width: 27m Max. Height: 25m View of the embankment failure Travertine, peridotite, loose soil materials, groundwater flows Detailed Final Geotechnical Design Final Geological and Hydrogeological Design Evaluation of previous failure Design of foundation works for the new embankment Design and support of the new embankment Construction Details Embankment foundation in one row of piles Ø1,00/1,30, with 16m length combined with cap beam, in the area of the failure surface Construction of a riprap layer of thickness 1,5m in the embankment base for the drainage of the groundwater Typical cross section after the rehabilitation of the failure AKTOR S.A.

13 Highway Embankment G6 Embankment Egnatia Highway, Section Northern Greece Highway embankment Total cost: approx. 0,15 m. Design: 2000 Construction: Rock fill embankment Modulation Geometry Slopes with gradient 2:3 of maximum height 20m with intermediate bench with 4m width Length: 141m Width: 40m Max. Height: 50m Alterations of gneisses and mica schists Detailed Final Geotechnical Design Construction drawings AEGEK S.A. Downstream view of the embankment

14 Embankments Rapsomati Tunnel of Road Axis Tripoli - Kalamata South Greece Highway embankments Total cost: approx. 1,6 m Design: 2005 Construction: One-sided and two-sided embankments of highway Length: 380m Max. Height: 12m Crown Width: 31m Modulation of the embankment in 1 slope with gradient 2:3 (height: width) Widening of the existing embankment due to the construction of Megalopoli interchange Length: 820m Max. Height: 7m Modulation of the embankment in 1 slope with gradient 2:3 (height: width) Construction works of the embankment Marls and sand marls Alluvial Flabellum Final geotechnical detailed design Geometric project design Check of the embankment settlements and consolidations Assessment of the embankment and open cut stability Technical description of works for the embankment construction Construction drawings Technical Report Bill of Quantities, budget Typical cross section of the embankment J/V KASTOR S.A. ELTER S.A.

15 Road Works Earth and Structural Works Romania Central Europe Technical & earth works in a 60km road. Total cost: approx. 4 m. Design: 2005 Construction: 2005 today Retaining walls Pilewalls Reinforced embankments Stream bed modulations with gabions Slope support Typical cross section of a retaining wall Audit of existing designs Elaboration of construction method statements s AKTOR S.A. MOCHLOS S.A. Typical cross section of an embankment