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29 1 Vol. 29 No. 1 2 0 0 5 1 ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Jan.

1 29 1 Vol. 29 No ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Jan ( ; ;) : 30 - ( 56d) 1 % 2 % 4 % 5 ( g) (SGRdr) (Rl) : SGRdr = Rl Rl 2 (r = n = 25 P < 0101) ; 2 % % % % ; 4 % ; ( P < 0101) % % % ; % % 9144 % % 8124 % % ( mol/ g d) ( G2N) ( mol/ g d) (NH 3 2N) ( mol/ g d) (U2N) (PL) ( % d - 1 ) : G2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) NH 3 2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) U2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) ( P < 0101) :100C = 6184F U R G. : ; ; :S ;Q :A : (2005) ( Pelodiscus sinensis) ; L (50cm 25cm 30cm) 12h [1 11 ] [7 8 ] 2 30 WMZK201 [2 ] [5 ] (150cm 65cm 45cm) [3 ] 112 ( 3) [10 11 ] 1 2 / d (30 ) ; 1 : ; : : ( ) ; ( ) : (1964 ) : e2mail con oa. net

2 d 1 5mg/ L ph SGR = 100 % (LnSt2 015 % Cr 2 O 3 (Dr) ( P) ( E) ; S 0 ( ) ( ) (kj/ g) ;t % 4195 % 15153kJ/ g K( %) = 100 % / C = F + U + R + G : C 1 % 2 % 4 % 5 ( ) ; F 5 1 ( ) ;U ( ) ; R 2d ( 01001g) 5 ; G ( ) ( ) (C) = 1cm ( ; ( F) = [ (1002D) ) 10 :00 C / 100 ] D 17 :00 2h C ; :U = (kj/ g) (kj/ g) ; ( G) = [ - 56d 2d ] ; :R = C - F - U - G; A = C - F - U ; ( (A %) = 100 % (A/ C) Cr 2 O % ) (D %) (D %) = - [1 ] XRY Cr 2O 3 / Cr 2 O 3 / = % SPSS ( ) ( ) 2 ( 211 ) 1 1 ( ) Tab11 Effect of ration level on apparent digestibility in juvenile P. sinensis LnS 0 ) / t :St (W) Item (mean S. E. ) ( %) Ration level ( %) ( %) Apparent digestibility( %) ( %) b b b b Apparent digestibility of protein( %) : Duncan ; 0105 Letters after each val2 ue in the same row indicate results of Duncanπs multiple comparisons. Same superscript letters indicate no significant difference ( P > 0105) between ration levels (same as below).

3 1 : 45 ( P > 0105) G2N NH 3 2N U2N ( P < 0101) ( mol/ g d) ( mol/ g d) ( mol/ g d) PL ( % / d) 4 % ( P < 0101) : G2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) NH 3 2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) U2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) % 1 % % % 2 ( ) Tab12 Effect of ration level on nitrogen excretion rate in juvenile P. sinensis ( %) Ration level ( %) ( mol/ g d) a a b c d General2N excretion rate ( mol/ g d) a a b c d Ammonia2N excretion rate ( mol/ g d) a b c d e Urea2N excretion rate (J/ g d) a b c d c General2N excretion(j/ g d) / ( %) c ab bc bc c Ammonia/ General2N( %) n = 25) SGRw = Ln ( Rl + 1) ( r 2 = n = 25) SGRdr = ( Rl + 1) ( r 2 = ( P < 0105) n = 25) SGRdr = Rl Rl 2 ( r 2 Duncan = n = 25) 4 % SGRdr = Ln ( Rl + 1) ( r 2 = ( P > n = 25) 0105) 4 % SGRp = ( Rl + 1 ) ( r 2 = (SGR) n = 25) (Rl) SGRp = Rl Rl 2 (r 2 = : SGRw = ( Rl + 1) ( r 2 = n = 25) SGRp = Ln ( Rl + 1) ( r 2 = n = 25) n = 25) SGRw = Rl Rl 2 (r 2 = SGRe = ( Rl + 1 ) ( r 2 =

4 n = 25) SGRe = Rl Rl 2 (r 2 = n = 25) SGRe = Ln ( Rl + 1) ( r 2 = n = 25) 3 ( ) Tab13 Effect of ration level on specific growth rate in juvenile P. sinensis Ration level Starvation 1 % 2 % 4 % Number W 0 (g) W t (g) SGRw SGRdr SGRp SGRe a a ab b b a b c cd d a b c d d a b c cd d a b c c c : SGR SGRw SGRdr SGRp SGRe SGR is specific growth rate. The specific growth rate of wet matter dry matter protein and energy are expressed as SGRw SGRd SGRp and SGRe respectively. 4 ( ) Tab14 Effect of ration level on conversion efficiencies in juvenile P. sinensis Designed ration 1 % 2 % 4 % ( %) b c d e Real ration( %) FCE FCEw a b b ab ( %) FCEdr a b c c FCEp FCEe a b b ab a c b b : K Kw Kdr Kp Ke FCE is food conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency of wet matter dry matter protein and energy are expressed as FCEw FCEd FCEp and FCEe respectively. 214 ( P < 0101) 5 ( P < 0101) (Maintenance ration) ( P > 0105) ; 1 % 2184 % 4108 % ; 2 % 1 % 1167 % ( ) 2107 % ( ) 2100 %( ) 2124 %( ) 2 % ( P > 0105) Duncan Duncan 4 % 4 % 4 % ( P > 0105) ;1 % ( P < 0105) ( P > 4 % ; 1 % 2 % 4 % 0105) ;2 % 1

5 1 : 47 4 % ( P > 0105) ; 100C = 6184F U R G 1 % 2 % : 100A = 19162G R 5 ( ) Tab15 Effect of ration level on energy budget in juvenile P. sinensis Ration level 1 % 2 % 4 % (J/ d g) a a b c Energy intake F/ C ab ab a b U/ C d c b a G/ C a c b b R/ C c a b b ab ab b a Assimilated efficiency A The ratio to assimilated energy G/ A a c b b R/ A c a b b : A = C2F2U ( %) = 100 A/ C. Assimilated energy(a) = C2F2U Assimilated efficiency( %) = 100 A/ C [3 6 7 ] ; - - ( P < 0101) :SGR = a + bln(rl + c) [12 13 ] - 2 % ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) ( Acipenser ( ) 6719 % [1 12 ] transmontanus) - Malloy [18 ] ( Paralichthysdentatus) (10 ) 2 % (

6 %) 10 % 25 % : % % % ( g) 1132 % ; % % % (kj/ kg d) : 100C = 5100F U R G :00 22 :00 6h 48h 48h 2 2h ; 30 [3 ] 6 % 31 (1132 %) ; F/ C 2 Brett : :100C = 27 (F + U) + 44R + 29G :100C = 42 (F + U) + 37R + 20G [ 1 ] Cui YB. Bioenergetics of fish :Theory and methods. [J ]. Acta Hydro2 biologica Sinica (4) : [ (4) : ] [ 2 ] Niu C J. Zhang T J Sun R Y. Energetic metabolism of juvenile soft2 shelled turtle( Trionyx sinensis) (I) respiratory in water and the rela2 tionship with temperature and body weight[j ]. Journal of Beijing nor2 mal university (4) : [. ( I) (4) : ] [ 3 ] Tan H X Shi Z F Zhu XB. Energy budget and utilization efficiency of juvenile Trionyx sinensis [J ]. Journal of Fisheries of China. 23 ( sup2 pl. ) : [ ( ) :57 63 ] [ 4 ] Xian W W Zhu X H. Effect of ration size on the growth and energy budget of the Mullet liza Haematocheila ( T. et S) [J ]. Oceanologia et limnologia Sinia (6) : [ (6) : ] [ 5 ] Zhang T J Niu C J Sun R Y. Preliminary study of respiation metabolism in the soft2shelled turtle( Trionyx sinensis) [J ]. Zoological Research (2) : [ (2) : ] [ 6 ] Zhou X Q Niu C J Li Q F. Effect of light intensity on daily food con2 sumption and specific growth rate of the jubenile soft2shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis [J ]. Acta Zoologica Sinica (2) : [ (2) : ] [ 7 ] Zhou X Q Niu C J Li Q F. The effects of light intensity on energy conversion of the juvenile soft2shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis[j ]. Jour2 nal of Beijing Normal University (2) : [ (2) : ] [ 8 ] Zhou X Q Niu C J Li Q F. Effect of photoperiod on food consump2 tion growth and energy conversion of juvenile soft2shelled turtle Tri2 onyx sinensis. Acta Zoologica Sinica (3) : [ (3) : ] [ 9 ] Zhu X M Xie Sh Q Cui YB. Effect of ration level on growth and en2 ergy budget of the Gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio[j ]. Oceanolo2 gia et limnologia Sinia (5) : [ (5) : ] [ 10 ] Du W GJi X Xu W Q. Dynamics of material and energy during incu2 bation in the soft2shelled turtle( Pelodiscus sinensis) [J ]. Acta Zoologi2 ca Sinica (4) : [ (4) : ] [11 ] Du W GJi X. Influence of incubation on temperature on embryonic

7 1 : 49 use of material and energy in the Chinese soft2shelled turtle( Pelodiscus (3) : 269 sinensis) [J ]. Acta Zoologica Sinica (5) : [ 274 ].. [13 ] Zhou Z GXie S Q Cui YB et al. Effects of feeding frequency on fish (5) : ] growth and feed conversion efficiency :A review[j ]. Acta Hydrobiol. [12 ] Shao Q J Zhang L H Liu J X et al. Effect of dietary Vc supplementa2 Sinica ( ) : [. tion on growth and tissue Vc content in Juvenile soft2shell turtle Tri2 onyx sinensis[j ]. Acta Hydrobiol. Sinica (3) : [.. Vc ( ) : ] EFFECT OF RATION L EVEL ON GROWTH NITRO GENOUS EXCRETION AND ENERGY BUD GET IN JUVENILE SOFT2SHELLED TURTLE PELODISCUS SIN ENSIS LEI Si2Jia 1 YE Shi2Zhou 2 and HU Xian2Qin 1 (11 Department of Bioengineering Shenzhen Polytechnic. Shenzhen ; 21 Shenzhen Ocean World Ltd. Co. Shenzhen ) Abstract :The 562day growth trial was conducted at 30 to investigate the effect of ration level on growth nitrogenous excretion and energy budget in juvenile soft2shelled turtle( Pelodiscus sinensis).juvenile turtles( g) were fed commercial diet ( Shenzhen Xinguang Feed company) at five different levels ranging from starvation to ad libitum twice daily. The results showed that specific growth rate( SGR) of wet weight ( SGRw) dry matter( SGRdr) protein( SGRp) and energy( SGRe) was affected signifi2 cantly( P < 0101) by ration level. Regression analysis showed that the SGR increased quadraticly with increasing ration. The rela2 tionship between specific growth rate and ration level( Rl) could be expressed as the equation bellow : SGRw = R Rl 2 (r 2 = n = 25 P < 0101) SGRdr = Rl Rl 2 (r 2 = n = 25 P < 0101) SGRp = Rl Rl 2 (r 2 = n = 25 P < 0101) SGRe = Rl Rl 2 (r 2 = n = 25 P < 0101) Feed efficiency in wet weight protein and energy was highest at 2 % ration which were % % and % respec2 tively. The effects of ration level on ammonia urea nitrogenous excretion and the proportion of ammonia excretion to total nitrogen excretion were significant ( P < 0101). The urea and total nitrogenous excretion rate increased with increasing ration and ranged ( mol/ g d) and % % ( mol/ g d) from starvation to ad libitum respectively. Ammonia excretion rate and the proportion of ammonia excretion to total nitrogen excretion at starvation were higher than that of 1 % and ranged ( mol/ g d) and % % respectively. Regression analysis showed that the relationship between nitro2 gen excretion( mol/ g d) and protein intake rate(pl) ( %body weight per day) could be expressed as : G2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) NH 3 2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) U2N = PL (n = 20 r 2 = ) where the G2N NH 3 2N and U2N indicate general nitrogen ammonia and urea excretion rate respectively. The proportions of energy intake allocated to various components of the energy budget were significantly affected by ration( P < 0101). The proportion of metabolic energy to food energy was highest at 1 % ration level which was % and lowest at 2 % which was %. the proportion of growth changes was highest at 2 % ration level which was %. The energy budget equation for the starvation group could be expressed as : 100C = 6184F U R G where C F. U R and G is The results showed that the nitrogenous excretion rate increased with increasing ration linearly while conversion efficiency of en2 ergy was highest at lower ration level(2 %). In conclusion the best ration level for juvenile soft2shelled turtle culture is 4 % be2 cause the turtle has higher specific growth rate conversion efficiency and relatively lower nitrogen excretion rate. Key words :Energy budget ; Growth ;Ration ;Juvenile Pelodiscus sinensis

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