Jacinta C. Conrad. University of Houston Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering CHEE 1131 Fall 2015

Transcript

1 Jacinta C. Conrad University of Houston Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering CHEE 1131 Fall Shepherd, Conrad, Lewis, et al., Langmuir 22, (2006)

2 A Viscosity μ [mass/length-time] Density ρ [mass/length 3 ] 2

3 Large length scales L Fast V Turbulent inertial force viscous force 3 = ρvl µ

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5 Flow examples in plants (unit operations) Combination system - Separation

6 lab-on-a-chip devices allows unit et al. Science 202, 400 (1998) 6

7 MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES Micropumps/ valves/ flow sensors Microfilters/ microreactors Nanotechnology/ Nanodevices? Microneedles Microanalysis systems 1Å 1nm 1 m 1mm 1m Length scale 1 al 1 fl 1 pl 1 nl 1 L 1 ml 1 L 1000 L Volume scale Molecules Smoke particles OTHER OBJECTS Viruses Bacteria Human hair Man Conventional fluidic devices Nguyen and Wereley,, 2nd ed. (2006) 7

8 %2E6C:2=D &62 78&8.(?.(06 (42 %() * ' %= /5, 5G2?E286D N Easy to prototype and replicate (via soft lithography) N Cheap materials (polydimethylsiloxane, commercially available) :D25G2?E286D N Flexible and deformable (poor for high-pressure applications) N Poor resistance to organic solvents 8

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10 inertial force viscous force = ρvl µ Physical meaning 10

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12 inertial force viscous force = ρvl µ Physical meaning time to diffuse time to convect = VL D 0 Physical meaning designs 12

13 Key idea 13 Melin et al., Lab Chip, (2004)

14 Key idea Schwesinger et al., J. Micromech. Microeng. 6, (102) et al., Anal. Chem., (1999) 14

15 Key idea a b c Therriault et al., Nat. Mater. 2, (2003) 15

16 Key idea et al., Science, (2002) 16

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18 Key idea A A on-off B on-off C peristaltic pump D valve grid mold flat substrate E switching valve F 18 Unger et al., Science (2000)

19 Key idea passive valve actuated valve Terray et al., Science, (2002) 19

20 Key idea et al., Anal. Chem (2002) 20

21 Key idea 21 Thorsen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett (2001)

22 Key idea Anna et al., Anal. Chem (2002) 22

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24 Key idea Tice et al., Langmuir (2003) 24

25 Key idea Utada et al., Science (2005) 25 Chu et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed (2007)

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27 Key idea Sample input a PMT Filter (525/40) 488-nm laser Buffer Buffer IR laser AOM Sheath reservoir Microfluidic cartridge Analysis region Optical switch Photodiode Filter (488/10) Output wells Sample input b c Waste Collection Wang et al., Nat. Biotechnol (2005) 27

28 Key idea Huang et al., Science (2004) 28

29 Separation of parasites from blood Holm et al., Lab Chip, (2011) 29

30 Key idea Cho et al., Anal. Chem (2003) 30

31 Key idea DE23=:D9 =:BF:5 6BF:=:3C:F> :? D68>6?E65 2?5 D6A2C2E6 vapor using capillary forces Hartman et al., Lab Chip, (2009) 31

32 Key idea ratio, reducing diffusion distances, and enhance heat and mass transfer Ahmed et al., Adv. Synth. Catal (2006) 32

33 Key idea Text J. Am. Chem. Soc (2003) 33

34 Key idea mixing on nucleation of protein crystals Chen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc (2005) 34

35 Key idea Khan et al., Langmuir (2004) 35

36 Key idea microtubules Khan et al., Lab Chip (2004) 36

37 Key idea rates through a surface Jeon et al., Langmuir (2000) 37

38 Chemical synthesis - Especially for high-value components Controlled release - Pharmaceuticals - Cosmetics Biotechnology - Genomics and sequencing - Biodetection - Directed evolution Models of biological processes - Microvasculature and veination - Chemotaxis and chemical response 38

39 Key idea Kim et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (2007) 39

40 Key idea yield (38%) and purity (97.6%) Dramatic increase in time (14 min vs 50 min) 40 Lee et al., Science, (2005)

41 pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation Key idea Kim et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc (2011) 41

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43 higher catalytic activity Key idea Agresti et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2010) faster) cheaper) 43

44 bloodstreams for cancer detection and monitoring Key idea Cancer cells detected at ~400 CTCs/mL 44 Stott et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2010)

45 angiogenesis and thrombosis Key idea Zheng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2012) 45

46 without sample contamination Key idea and sequence whole genomes 46 Leung et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2012)

47 Challenges Scale-up - operations - 2-d to 3-d layouts

48 Summary of lecture - Exceptional control over reactions and mixing - Naturally achieves continuous production - Specialty chemicals and high-value chemicals - Hard-to-produce molecules (especially biomolecules) Opportunities abound for chemical and biomolecular engineers 48