G.691 ITU-T STM-64 (SDH) ITU-T G.691 (2006/03)

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1 G.691 ITU-T (2006/03) :G STM-64 (SDH) ITU-T G.691

2 G G.199-G.100 G.299-G.200 G.399-G.300 G.449-G.400 G.499-G.450 G.599-G.500 G.609-G.600 G.619-G.610 G.629-G.620 G.649-G.630 G.659-G.650 G.699-G.660 G.799-G.700 G.899-G.800 G.999-G.900 G.1999-G.1000 G.6999-G.6000 G.7999-G.7000 G.8999-G

3 ITU-T G.691 STM-64 (SDH) STM-16 STM-4. STM-64. " " 29 G.691 ( ) 15.ITU-T A i (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

4 (ITU-T)... (WTSA).. 1.(IEC) (ISO). " ".( ). " ".. " "... (TSB). ITU (2006/03) ITU-T G.691 ii

5 A A 2.A 3.A 4.A I iii (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

6 (PMD) (SPM) SPM (DST) III I 2.I 1.II 2.II 3.II 4.II 5.II 6.II 7.II II III 1.III 2.III 4.III α IV V 1.IV 2.IV 3.IV 4.IV 5.IV 6.IV (2006/03) ITU-T G.691 iv

7 ITU-T G.691 STM-64 (SDH) 1 ( ) " " STM-64 STM-16 STM-4 " STM-64. /. " (2005) ITU-T G.652 [1] (2003) ITU-T G.653 [2]. (2006) ITU-T G.655 [3]... (2000).. (2005).. (2005) ITU-T G.662 ITU-T G.663 (2006) ITU-T G.664 ITU-T G.671 (2005) ITU-T G.693 (2003) ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] 1 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

8 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 1544 (1996) ITU-T G.955 [10]... (2006) ITU-T G.957 (2006) ITU-T G [11] [12] :. R S : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) :( ) :ITU-T 2.3 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.661 (ITU-T G.957 (ITU-T G.955 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.957 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) : : : : : : : : : (2006/03) ITU-T G.691 2

9 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.662 (ITU-T G.955 (ITU-T G.957 ) ) ) ) ) : : : :S/R : 4 : (Differential Group Delay) (Avalanche Photo Diode) (Full Width at Half Maximum) (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) (Amplitude Shift Keying) (Bit Error Ratio) (Dispersion Accommodation) (Dispersion Supported Transmission) (Forward Error Correction) (For Further Study) (Extinction ratio) (Frequency Modulation) (Frequency Shift Keying) (Free Spectral Range) (Intra-Office) (Intensity Modulation) (Multi-Longitudinal Mode) (Main Path Interface) (Mode Partition Noise) (Long-Haul) (Not Applicable) APD ASE ASK BER DA DGD DST EX FEC FM FSK FSR FWHM I IM L MLM MPI MPN NA 3 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

10 (Non-Return to Zero) (Optical Return Loss) (Passive Dispersion Compensator) ("p-type" intrinsic "n-type") "n (Polarization Mode Dispersion) (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence) (Principal State of Polarization) (Root Mean Square) (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) (Single-Longitudinal Mode) (Side Mode Suppression Ratio) (Signal to Noise Ratio) (Prechirp) " - - "p " (Short-Haul) (State of Polarization) (Self Phase Modulation) (Synchronous Transport Module of order N) (Wavelength Division Multiplex) N (Ultra Long-Haul) (Very Long-Haul) NRZ ORL PCH PDC PIN PMD PRBS PSP RMS S SDH SLM SMSR SNR SOP SPM STM-N U V WDM " " ITU-T G.957.STM-64 STM-4..STM-64 : ITU-T G.957.STM - ) V ( ) L ( ) S ( ) I : "".( ) U ( (2006/03) ITU-T G.691 4

11 : ITU-T G.652 ( ) nm 1310 ITU-T G.652 nm ( ) nm 1550 ITU-T G ( ) nm 1550.ITU-T G "r" I-64. " ".( : ) nm 1310 km 20 nm 1550 km 40." " /km 0,275..nm 1310 /km 0,55 nm 1550 nm 1550 km 40/ 11 nm 1310 km 20/ 11." ".... 1c 1b.. 1c 5 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

12 1550 G I-64.5 G P1I1-2D5 I - G.691/1a [nm] 1550 G I-64.3 G P1I1-2D3 G I-64.2 G P1I1-2D2 G I-64.2r G.693 VSR2000-2L2.ITU-T G.957 G I-64.1 G.693 VSR2000-2R1 G I-64.1r G.693 VSR600-2R1 [km] STM STM-16 STM-4 STM-1 L S I G L c 5c 1550 G L-64.2 L S - G.691/1b [nm] G L-64.1 G P1L1-2D1 G S-64.5 G P1S1-2D5 G S-64.3 G P1S1-2D3.ITU-T G.957 G S-64.2 G P1S1-2D2 G S-64.1 G P1S1-2D1 [km] STM STM-16 STM-4 STM-1 L S I (2006/03) ITU-T G.691 6

13 1550 G U U-16.3 G P1U1-1A3 3 - G.691/1c U V 1550 G U U-16.2 G P1U1-1A G G G.652 [nm] [km] STM-1 V-4.2 V-4.1 STM [km] V-16.2 STM [km] V-64.2 STM-64 5d [km]. - 1 V-4.3 V V d 2.5 MPI.(MPI)...MPI. ( ) R S MPI R S. ) MPI-S (ITU-T G.957 S. MPI-R ( )." " (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

14 - G.691/1 6 ( ) (BER). STM-64.ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 (NRZ) ITU-T G (ASE) (2006/03) ITU-T G.691 8

15 (SLM) SLM.. ITU- STM-4 : ). (T G.653. (G.652 STM-64 STM-16 ). G.652 STM-64.. (MLM) (nm) σ (RMS). 20 MLM.nm 1310 MLM : (α dϕ α = dt 1 dp. 2P dt (Chirp) ) (Chirp). P ϕ.(chirp). ( ) (Chirp) (Chirp). ( ) rad 10 (Chirp) rad 1+ rad 1.rad (2006/03) ITU-T G.691. IV

16 (SMSR) ( )... BER SMSR MPN.(MPN).MPN (PRBS) SMSR.(SLM) SMSR () ). MHz 10.(FWHM) MHz 10 ( Brillouin... MPI-S..MPI-R : (EX) EX = 10 log10( A / B) B "1" A :. "0" "1". "0" - - (2006/03) ITU-T G

17 4.2.6 ) (.MPI-S. 2.. A... ( V-64.2b L-64.2b). (SPM) %10 ). SPM.m 15+ m 12+ ps 30 ( % (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

18 Mean level "1" of centre of logical "1 Mean level of centre of logical "0" STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 (a,c) (3 2 ) STM-64 (b) (4 2 ) x 1 /x 4 0,25/0,75 x 2 /x 3 0,40/0,60 x 3 x 2 0,2 0,2 y 1 /y 2 0,20/0,80 0,25/0,75 +0,25/ +0,75 with variable 0,25< <+0,25 y 3 /y 4 0,20/0,20 0,25/0,25 0,25/0,25 x 3 x 2 STM-64 STM-16-1 STM UI 0 UI (A ) STM-64. STM-64 STM-16.5d 5c c b a - 2.V-64.2a L-64.2c L-64.2a - 3.V-64.3 V-64.2b L-64.3 L-64.2b G.691/ MPI-R MPI-S (2006/03) ITU-T G ( ) :

19 MPI-R MPI-S ( ). (1 (2 ( " "..(3.8 ) " ". nm ps/km 20 nm 1550 G.653 km ps/nm 3,3 G.652.nm 1310 G PMD.(PMD).(I ) G (DGD) ( ).. DGD DGD DGD (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

20 DGD PMD. DGD. DGD DGD. 2. DGD - G.691/ ,2 3, ,7 3, ,4 4, km 60 G.652 STM-64 ".( )."(DA).STM-64..V III 3.8 DA :. MPI-S (ORL) -.MPI-R MPI-S -.(Rayleigh).G.957/I. MPI-R MPI-S...( ) (2006/03) ITU-T G

21 . MPI-R MPI-S 5 3.( ) MPI-R (BER) MPI-S. A.... : ).( ITU-T G MPI-R BER (BER). )...(.BER BER BER (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

22 .... 0,3 -.( %50 ) 1. 0,1 0,2 0,1 /. I MPI-R FEC.ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 (2006/03) ITU-T G

23 (3 U-4.3 ) NA NA (3 U-4.2 ) NA NA STM-4 (2 - G.691/3 V-4.3 ) NA NA (2 V-4.2 ) NA NA (1 V-4.1 ) NA NA nm m m nm rad mw/10 MHz ps/nm ps/nm ps m m (1 ) MPI-S MPI-R MPI-S α SMSR (EX) DGD ORL MPI-S MPI-S MPI-R MPI-R ( = BER ) MPI-R /km 0, G V-64.x U-16.x :NA : 17 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

24 G U-16.3 P1U1-1A3 G STM-16 U-16.2 P1U1-1A2 - G.691/4 V-16.3 V-16.2 (1 ) ) ) (2 1 ( , NA , NA nm m m nm rad mw/10 MHz ps/nm ps/nm ps m m MPI-S MPI-R MPI-S α SMSR (EX) DGD ORL MPI-S MPI-S MPI-R MPI-R ( = BER ) MPI-R. V-64.x U-16.x G :NA : (2006/03) ITU-T G

25 I-64.5 G P1I1-2D5 I-64.3 G P1I1-2D3 STM-64 I-64.2 G P1I1-2D2 - G.691/5a I-64.2r I-64.1 I-64.1r (1 ) MPI-S nm m - m - nm (σ) RMS - nm 20 - rad α - mw/10 MHz - SMSR - (EX) MPI-R MPI-S - - ps/nm - ps/nm - ps/nm - ps/nm - ps DGD ORL MPI-S MPI-S G VSR2000-2L2 G VSR2000-2R1 G VSR600-2L2 I-64.1r (SLM) MPI-R MPI-R m ( = BER ) m MPI-R -.(MLM) 19 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

26 S- 64.5b G P1S1-2D5b S- 64.5a G P1S1-2D5a 3b S-64.2b STM-64 S- 64.3b - G.691/5b (1 ) S-64.3a S- 64.2b S- 64.2a S-64.1 nm m m nm rad mw/10 MHz α - - SMSR - (EX) MPI-S MPI-S MPI-R - - ps/nm - ps/nm - ps/nm - ps/nm - ps DGD ORL MPI-S MPI-R MPI-S MPI-R m ( = BER ) m MPI-R APD 5a 3a S-64.2a -.PIN 5b G P1S1-2D3b G P1S1-2D3a G P1S1-2D2b G P1S1-2D2a G P1S1-2D1 (2006/03) ITU-T G

27 L , NA NA NA STM-64 L-64.2c (1 ) NA NA G.691/5c L-64.2b L-64.2a L-64.1 (1 ) (1 ) , NA NA (2 1 ) G P1L1-2D1 nm m m nm rad mw/10 MHz ps/nm ps/nm ps/nm ps/nm ps m m MPI-S α - - SMSR - (EX) MPI-R MPI-S DGD ORL MPI-S MPI-R MPI-S MPI-R ( = BER ) MPI-R DA SPM L-64.2b DA PDC L-64-2.a - 1.DA L-64.2c.(PDC) :NA : 21 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

28 V-64.3 STM-64 V-64.2b (2 ) - G.691/5d V-64.2a (1 ) ) nm MPI-S m m - nm 20 - rad α - mw/10 MHz - SMSR - 8,2 8,2 10 (EX) MPI-R MPI-S ps/nm - NA ps/nm - NA ps/nm - NA ps/nm ps DGD MPI-S ORL MPI-R MPI-S MPI-R m ( = BER ) m m MPI-R.(PDC) PDC SPM B-64.2b DA PDC V-64.2a - 2.DA :NA : ITU-T G.957. (2006/03) ITU-T G

29 2.8.. ITU-T G km 60 G.652 STM-64 ( ) DA.(DA)..STM-64 (SPM) (PDC) DA..(DST).STM-64 G.652 km DA L-64.2.(DA) S km PDC.L-64.2 DA (DST PCH SPM). DA V km 40.. DA." ".... DA.. (PDC). (s ) PDC PDC. PDC (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

30 . km 40 S STM-64 PDC ) km 40 PDC V-64.2 L nm 1550 ps/nm 680 PDC.(3 PDC L-64.2 PDC....ITU-T G.671 PDC.. PDC - - G.691/3. PDC MPI-S MPI-S.. PDC PDC PDC.. (2006/03) ITU-T G

31 PDC L V G.653 G.652 " " PDC. m 10+. X-xx.3 X-xx.3. (SPM) G.652 Kerr SPM. II.. SPM (V-64.2 L-64.2 ) km SPM... PDC...SPM.. SPM L-64.. m PDC SPM km 80 SPM.V (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

32 V-64.2 L-64.2b SPM..PDC PDC (DST L-64.2) km 80 DST.PDC (DST) L-64.2 DST III..V ( ) G.957). ( S-64.x. G.957/2.2.6 G.957/ SDH / ""..... (BER) (FEC).ITU-T G.707/Y.1322 FEC SDH. FEC.FEC (2006/03) ITU-T G

33 " " " ".( ).(nm 1310 km 20 nm 1550 km 40 ). V ITU-T G (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

34 .STM-64 A 1.A STM-16 STM-4 STM-16/STM-4 - G.657/B. 1.A. STM-64 - G.957/B.STM-64 (STM-64)..1.A (i (ii STM-64 0,85± 0,4± 0,85± - G.691/1.A [] a STM-16 0,5± 0,3± 0,5± STM-4 0,3± 0,2± 0,3± f/f r 1 0,001 ( ) 2 1. a - EX.(EX) 1.A. EX.d/c a/b. 0 EX Mean level "1" of centre of logical "1" Eye mask (example) a c d ( ) Average power b Mean level of centre of logical "0" Zero power - G.691/1.A (2006/03) ITU-T G

35 2.A.. 3.A "1" "0" EX d/c. : P EM. P EM d = 10log10 c [].. BER BER ).BER ( ).BER (.%50 ( ) A :. 3 1,3 EX. 4,3. EX.. 29 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

36 I 1.I (DGD) : f ( τ) = 32 π τ 4 τ exp 3 < τ > π < τ >.DGD.f( τ) 1.I < τ > DGD τ DGD τ DGD. PMD. PMD Area 1 = Area Area 1 Area 2 τ - ( ) - G.691/1.I.P( τ τ 1 ) + τ 1 τ1 ( τ) ( τ) P ( τ τ1) = f d.2.i P( τ τ 1 ) τ 1 = 3 < τ> DGD DGD.2.I P( τ 3< τ >) (2006/03) ITU-T G

37 P( τ τ 1 ) - G.691/2.I DGD DGD.. PMD 70. PMD PMD.. 17 PMD " ". (PMD) 2.I PMD. PMD 0,3 DGD. 1. (PSP) 31 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

38 [] PMD Receiver with signal dependent noise (PIN : ) Receiver without signal dependent noise (e.g., PIN) PMD Average PMD penalty () DGD - G.691/3.I ) DGD.(1.I ) DGD (PSP PMD.3.I 0,5 (PSP %50) 0,3 DGD ) 1 (PIN ).( APD : PMD (DGD) (APD ) 1 (PIN) 0,5 DGD PSP.PSP (SOP). PMD ,1 PMD : ( ) DGD : 1 (SOP).PSP PSP.PSP ) PMD ((PSP). 0,1 (2006/03) ITU-T G

39 II (SPM) 1.II. (SPM). "0" "1"." "..(SPM) " " ) ( ).( nm 1550 G.652. ( ).. SPM. 2.II. SPM : SPM.(DA) SPM. km 80 Gbit/s 10 m 13+ m 17+ SPM. 1,5 SPM 3.II SPM.SPM.. SPM. SPM ).SPM. SPM ( 33 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

40 4.II STM-64 α II Gbit/s 10 V L. Mach-Zehnder II.MPI-S 7.II III 1.III..(DA) (DST). ASK ). DST DST. ( (2006/03) ITU-T G

41 (DST) 2.III. ( FSK ) FSK/ASK ASK FSK.. : ν ν L. λ = νλ 2 /c. (3 ) 4. τ = λd L τ. : (. P 0 P 1 ( I ( ( " " 1.III V LP P opt V (LP). V dec ( L ( - G.691/1.III FSK/ASK : (DST) ( ) 35 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

42 ").. ("DST 3.III ASK FSK/ASK. FSK. (b (2a.III FSK (a FSK/ASK (b - G.691/2.III 4.III (DST) DST 6.. MPI-S 1.4.III III. (2006/03) ITU-T G

43 ν 1 ν = ν1 ν~ MPI-S ν 0 ν~ 0 ( ) "1" ν.( ) "0" III.IV V (t) V+(t).IV : ν c (t) = ν (t) ν r.( ) A1.( ) A2 ν ( t) = (2π ) c 1 V FSR arcsin V + () t () t.4.iv P(t) ν c (t) ν c (t) ν c (t) ν 1 ν r ν 0 ~ ν r. ν = ν1 ν~ ( 1 ) ( ~ 0 = ν νr ν 0 νr ).( G.957/1.II ) III (IM) DST..MPI-S IM III IM : IM 1.III DST IM - G.691/1.III (DST) STM-64 0,2 0,3/0,6 IM x 1 /x 4 x 2 /x 3 x 3 x 2 y 1 /y 2 FM/IM III. FM/IM IM FM FM/IM 37 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

44 . FM.FM/IM :.G.957/1.B ITU-T G.652. (i (ii. (ii (i :(G.957/2.B ) H(p) U H ( p) = 0 2U 2 : FM/IM H H B H D H D G.957/B = - H B : H D f 1 f 1 f = f = + j = + r p = + p y fg fg fg fg : = p = j ω ω r, y = p, ω r = 1.5πf 0, f0 = bit rate, fr = f 0.f g (PC).. : 2.III : f g ITU-T G.652 DST V DST DST L-64.2/2 DST L-64.2/1 - G.691/2.III MHz km (ITU-T G.652 ) (2006/03) ITU-T G

45 IM :FM/IM 3.III DST FM/IM (DST) STM-64 0,2 0,3/0,6 - G.691/3.III FM/IM x 1 /x 4 x 2 /x 3 x 3 x 2 y 1 /y 2 MPI-R 2.4.III III MPI-R DST (BER) MPI-S 4.III.MPI-R.DST G.957/B. :DST III DST DST 5.III. 4.III 39 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

46 (DST) STM-64 - G.691/4.III DST V , , NA NA DST L- 64.2/ , , NA NA DST L- 64.2/ , , NA NA nm m m rad GHz GHz mw/mhz ps/nm ps/nm ps/nm ps/nm ps m m MPI-S - - α SMSR - (EX) - MPI-R MPI-S DGD MPI-S ORL MPI-R MPI-S MPI-R MPI-R. :NA (2006/03) ITU-T G

47 IV α. α Michelson 1.IV : ).(1.IV ) (Mach-Zehnder SDH 10 5 n = (STM-64) 8 5 n = (STM-16) - G.691/1.IV. S IV :(FSR).. :..(2.IV ) B A 41 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

48 - G.691/2.IV B A khz 100 > : 3 GHz 20 < : 3. 3.IV : t d 1 FSR = t d t d..fsr/2... SDH.. (2006/03) ITU-T G

49 .1.IV. 4.IV (1. PRBS.( ) T3.A.3.IV A2 A ) A2 A1. SDH.V A (t) ( V B (t).b (2 (3 (4 (5 (6 (7 V (t) V + (t). V B (t) V A (t) 5.IV : V V + ( t) ( t) V = V = : α( t) = 2 FSR A A ( t) + V 2 ( t) V 2.V + (t) V + B B ( t) ( t) P(t) V ( t) arcsin V V t + ( t) ( t) + ( t) α(t). α(t) P(t)."1" "0" P(t).Gbit/s 10 PRBS V B (t) V A (t) 6.IV 3.IV 43 (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

50 - G.691/3.IV B A.5.IV [ps] α(t) P(t) 4.IV α(t) [A.U.] [A.U.] α(t) P(t) [ps] - G.691/4.IV 4.IV V STM STM-16.STM-64 (2006/03) ITU-T G

51 .. 1.V STM-64 STM-64 Upgrade Regenerator Regenerator Regenerator STM-16 STM-16 Line amplifiers STM-64 STM-16 - G.691/1.V STM-4 STM-16 STM (2006/03) ITU-T G.691

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