35 2 2016 6 GLOBAL GEOLOGY Vol. 35 No. 2 Jun. 2016 1004 5589 2016 02 0567 08 130026 5 ± 4 ± 3 4 P21 TD17 A doi 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1004-5589. 2016. 02. 030 Evaluation on precision of occurrence measurement based on theory of errors LU Li-ji WANG Feng-yan WANG Ming-chang LI Qi-yuan College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 China Abstract The article takes slope as subject investigated and the precision in occurrence measurement of five methods such as compass reflectorless Total Station Instrument TSI laser range finder 3D laser scanner and digital photogrammetric workstation are evaluated by adopting theory of errors. The root-mean-squrare RMS errors of trend and dip angle in compass occurrence measurement are ± 4 and ± 3 respectively. The precision e- valuation not only increases the cognition on the precision of compass occurrence measurement but also provides checking calculation data for the precision evaluation of the other four non-contact occurrence measurement methods. The compass can only be used to measure the occurrence of the underneath discontinuity on high steep slope. It is range-limited energy-intensive and ineffective. The non-contact methods can measure the upper discontinuity on high steep slope which is difficult for people to reach. The methods using 3D laser scanner and digital closerange photogrammetry can obtain occurrence information of massive stochastic discontinuity on rock mass slope and provide important basic data for the evaluation of slope stability based on stochastic dynamics. Key words occurrence measurement precision evaluation theory of errors contact occurrence measurement non-contact occurrence measurement 2015-10-12 2016-04-08 41472243 41072196. 1970 -. E-mail wangfy@ jlu. edu. cn
568 35 0 17 1 1. 1 1 1 2 3-5 6 7 8-13 1 Fig. 1 Compass occurrence measurement 14 1. 2 15 16 3
2 569 17 2. 2 1 2 3 18 19 2 m = ± d 2 /2n 1 槡 R B I 1 d n 18 19 3 20 m = ± Δ 2 /n 2 槡 4 2 n 2. 3 VirtuoZo - σ + σ - 2σ + 2σ - 3σ + 3σ 2 2. 1 { P - σ < Δ < + σ = 68. 3% P - 2σ < Δ < + 2σ = 95. 5% 3 P - 3σ < Δ < + 3σ = 99. 7% 3 0. 3% = 3σ 4 17 3 3. 1 2
570 35 66 2 a b + - 3 0 2 2 a b Fig. 2 Error distributions of dip and dip angle 1 1 ± 4 ± 3 4 1 < 12 ± 100% < 9 45 95% 12 ± 9 1 2 m = ± 4 m = ± 4 18 3. 2 47 1 1 Table 1 1 Comparision of occurrence by TSI and compass measurement / / / / / / A 1 137 82 134 80 3 2 A 2 143 81 142 87-2 - 6 A 3 160 72 158 68 2 4 A 4 158 79 166 75-8 4 A 5 143 76 149 73-6 3 A 47 97 89 102 82-5 7
2 571 3. 3 2 2 20 Table 2 2 Comparision of occurrence by laser range finder and compass measurement / / / / / / B 1 253 90 253 89-1 1 B 2 113 81 108 74 5 7 B 3 338 32 345 31-8 1 B 4 137 73 132 71 5-2 B 5 230 64 220 66 10-2 B 20 69 89 35 71 4 7 2 < 12 18 90% 3 2 < 9 3 15 100% 2 < 12 100% < 9 m = ± 6 m = ± 5 100% 2 m = ± 3 m = ± 2 3. 4 15 3 Table 3 3 Comparision of occurrence by 3D laser scanner and compass measurement / / / / / / C 1 7. 3 80. 3 6. 5 80. 5-0. 8 0. 2 C 2 7. 7 82. 7 10 81 2. 3-1. 7 C 3 237. 6 80. 4 239. 5 85 1. 9 1. 2 C 4 232. 1 82. 3 232 83-0. 1 0. 7 C 5 228. 1 84. 3 224. 5 85. 5-3. 6 1. 2 C 15 140. 2 78 142 79 1. 8 1
572 35 3. 5 VirtuoZo 109 19 4 4 8 100% m = ± 4 m = 2 ± 4 5 Table 4 4 Comparision of occurrence by VZ and compass measurement / / / / / / D 1 137 82 140 81-3 1 D 2 137 81 138 82-1 - 1 D 3 165 72 158 79 7-5 D 4 149 75 143 76 6-1 D 5 145 78 148 76-3 2 D 109 136 131 131 74 5 3 Table 5 5 Systematic comparison of different occurrence measurement methods VZ m ± 4 m ± 3 4 1 ± 4 ± 3 2 4 1. 3 J. 2013 43 6 1608-1614.
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