f.ngh.j. (c.juk;) cjtpf; fuj;juq;f - 2015,urhadtpay; I,uz;L kzpj;jpahyk; Fwpg;G * vy;yh tpdhf;fsf;fk; tpil juf. * rupahd my;yj kpfg; nghuj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupt nra;f. mfpy tha khwpyp> R 8.314 J K 1 mol 1 mtfhjnuh khwpyp> N A 6.022 10 23 mol 1 gpshq;fpd; khwpyp> h 6.624 10 34 J s xspapd; fjp> c 3 10 8 m s 1 1. [n 2, l 1, m l 0, m s + 1 ] vdk; nrhl;nlz; njhilapdhy; fhl;lg;gltj> (1) 1 s,yj;jpudhfk;. 2 (2) 2 s,yj;jpudhfk;. (3) 2 p,yj;jpudhfk;. (4) 3 s,yj;jpudhfk;. (5) 3 p,yj;jpudhfk;. 2. X, Y Mfpa,uz;L %yfq;fsk; xnu Mtu;j;jdj;ijr; Nru;e;jit. mit XF 3 " YF 4 vdk; %yf;$wfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. X, Y %yfq;fs; KiwNa gpd;tutdtw;ws; vit? (1) S ck; Cl ck; (2) ck; N ck; (3) B ck; N ck; (4) N ck; ck; (5) Cl ck; S ck; 3. P, Q, R vd;gd Kjyhk; jhz;ly; njhlupd; cuf mlj;jtuk; %d;w %yfq;fshfk;. cutpy; epiy K mk;%d;w %yfq;fspd; cuf epiyapd; khwy;fs; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sd. P, Q, R vd;gd KiwNa gpd;tutdtw;ws; vitahf,uf;fk;;? (1) Ti, V, Cr (2) V, Cr, Mn (3) Cr, Mn, Fe (4) Mn, Fe, Co (5) Fe, Co, Ni P Q R 4. (N 4 ) 2 [Co(CN) 2 Cl 2 (N) 2 ],dj rupahd IUPAC ngau; gpd;tutdtw;ws; vj? (1) diammonium dichloridodicyanidodinitrosylcobalt(ii) (2) ammonium dichloridodicyanidodinitrosylcobaltate(ii) (3) diammine dicyanidodichloridonitrosylcobaltate(iii) (4) ammonium dichloridodicyanidodinitrosylcobaltate(iii) (5) ammonium dicyanidodichloridodinitrocobaltate(iii) 5. jug;gl;ls;s Nru;itfspy; fhgd; mzf;fspd; kpd;ndjpu;j; jd;ikia VWtupirg;gb rupahd xq;fpy; fhl;ltj gpd;tutdtw;ws; vj? (1) C < C < CN < C 2 (2) C < C < C 2 < CN (3) CN < C < C < C 2 (4) C 2 < CN < C < C (5) C < CN < C < C 2 6. MgCl 2 IAk; CaCl 2 IAk; nfhz;l rk %yu;f; fiurnyhd;wpd; Cl mad; nrwpt 142 ppm MFk;. mf;fiurypy; mlq;fpas;s Mg 2+ mad; nrwpt ppm,y; vt;tsthfk;? (Mg 24, Ca 40, Cl 35.5) (1) 71 ppm (2) 142 ppm (3) 24 ppm (4) 48 ppm (5) 96 ppm 7. MgCl 2 (s) epak fiury; ntg;gts;siw +23 kj mol1 Mf,Ug;gJld; Mg 2+ (g), Cl (g) Mfpa mad;fspd; epak epnuw;w ntg;gts;siw KiwNa 1891 kj mol 1 " 381 kj mol 1 MFk;. MgCl 2 (s),dj epak rhyf ntg;gts;siw kj mol 1,y; vt;tst? (1) 2676 (2) 2630 (3) 2295 (4) +2295 (5) +2630 8. Mg ck; Al ck; 1 2 vdk; %y; tpfpjj;jpy; mlq;fpas;s fyg;gnyhf khjpupnahd;w 0.4 mol dm 3 nrwpts;s IjNuhf; FNshupf; mkpyk; 50.00 cm 3 cld; jhf;fkwr; nra;ag;gl;lj. tha ntspnawy; epd;w gpd;du; kpjpf; fiuriy elepiyahf;ftjw;f 0.20 mol dm 3 Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;Lf; fiury; 60.00 cm 3 Njitg;gl;lJ. fyg;gnyhf khjpupapy; mlq;fpas;s Al,d; jpzpt ahj? (Al 27) (1) 0.027 g (2) 0.054 g (3) 0.240 g (4) 0.510 g (5) 0.540 g 9. S 2 thatpd;,iltu;f;f NtfkhdJ 27 C,y; 2 thatpd;,iltu;f;f Ntfj;Jf;Fr; rkkhfk; ntg;gepiy ahj? (thaf;fs;,yl;rpa elj;ijiaf; fhl;ltjhff; fujf.) (S 32, 16) (1) 600 C (2) 327 K (3) 300 K (4) 327 C (5) 300 C [gf;. 2Ig; ghu;f;f

- 2-10. %y Clfj;jpy; Mn 4,dhy; M 2+ mad;fs; M n+ tiuapy; xl;rpnaw;wg;glk;. Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;bd; Kd;dpiyapy; 1.20 mol dm 3 M 2+ fiury; 25.00 cm 3 cld; Kikahfj; jhf;fk; Guptjw;F 1.25 mol dm 3 KMn 4 fiurypd; 40.00 cm 3 Njitg;gl;lJ. n,dj ngwkhdk; ahj? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5 11. gpd;tuk; ve;jr; Nru;itapd; 1 %y;,id 10 dm 3 epu;f; fiurypy; fiug;nghkhapd; kpf cau;thd 3 + nrwpt fpilf;fk;? (1) Cl (2) C (3) PCl 5 (4) N 4 Cl (5) 2 S 4 12. X vdk; mnrjdr; Nru;itia epupy; fiuj;j mjdld; mkpykhf;fg;gl;l KMn 4 Ir; Nru;j;jNghJ epwkw;w thanthd;w ntspnawpajld; fiury; kq;rl; fgpy epwkhf khwpaj. gpd;tutdtw;ws; X vr;nru;itahf,uf;fk;? (1) Fe(N 3 ) 2 (2) FeC 2 4 (3) Fe(N 2 ) 2 (4) FeCl 3 (5) Fe(N 3 ) 3 13. gpd;tuk; Nru;itapd; rupahd IUPAC ngau; ahj? C C C C Cl (1) 3 - bromo - 2 - ethyl - 5 - oxo - 2 - pentenal (2) 3 - bromo - 2 - ethyl - 4 - chlorocarbonyl - 2 - pentenal (3) 3 - bromo - 4 - formyl - 3 - hexenoylchloride (4) 3 - bromo - 4 - ethyl - 5 - oxopent - 3 - enoyl chloride (5) 3 - bromo - 4 - formyl - 3 - hexenoyl chloride C2 Br 14.,uz;L fw;wad;fisf; nfhz;l epu;f;fiurnyhd;w Ijhd Cl,dhy; mkpykhf;fg;gl;l mjd}lhf 2 S thaitr; nryj;jpanghj kq;rs;epw tpo;gbnthd;w fpilj;jj> mjid tbj;njlj;j fpilf;fk; tbjputj;jld; Ijhd N 3 kpifahf,l;l> nkhj;jf; fdtst miuthrpahff; FiwtilAk; tiu nfhjpf;f itf;fg;gl;lj> mjds; N 4 Cl gspq;ffsk; nrwpe;j N 4 ck; Nru;j;jNghJ ntz;zpw tpo;gbt fpilj;jj. Nkw;gb njhlf;ff; fiurypy; mlq;fpapuf;fj;jf;f,uz;l fw;wad;fs; gpd;tutdtw;ws; vit? (1) Sn 2+, Sr 2+ (2) Sn 4+, Sn 2+ (3) Cd 2+, Fe 2+ (4) Sb 3+, Ca 2+ (5) As 3+, Al 3+ 15. N 3 ck; N 2 4 ck; mlq;fpas;s thaf; fyitnahd;w 300 K ntg;gepiyapy; cs;sj. mg;nghj njhfjpapd; nkhj;j mkf;fk; 5.0 10 4 Pa MFk;.,j;njhFjpia fdtst khw;wkpd;wp 1200 K tiu ntg;gnkw;wk;nghj N 2 ck; 2 ck; thathf khj;jpuk; Kikahfg; gpupifailak;. mg;nghj njhfjpapd; nkhj;j mkf;fk; 4.5 10 5 Pa MFk;. jhf;fj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;fk; nkhj;j iejurd; thatpd; jpzpt 0.28 g MFk;. njhfjpapd; njhlf;f N 3 tha N 2 4 tha Mfpatw;Wf;F,ilapyhd %y; tpfpjk; gpd;tutdtw;ws; vj? (1) 1 1 (2) 1 2 (3) 3 1 (4) 2 3 (5) 3 2 16. a - Ijuridf; nfhz;l fhgidy; Nru;itfs; Ijhd fhuq;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy; my;nlhy; xlf;fy; jhf;fj;jpy; <LgLk; Ijnuhl;irl;L mad;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy;; cuthfk;> gpd;tuk; fhgdd;ad; (carbanion)fuehbahf njhopw;gl;l jhf;fj;ij njhlf;fp itf;fpd;wj vdf; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sj. R R C C 2 + C C (fhgdd;ad;) gpd;tutdtw;ws; vj mlj;j gbia ed;f tpsf;ffpd;wj? R R R R (1) C C C C (2) C C C C R (3) C C R C C (4) R C C R C C (5) R C C R C C [gf;. 3Ig; ghu;f;f

- 3-17. fpno jug;gl;ls;s Nru;itfspd; mkpyj;jd;ikapd; VWtupir xq;f rupahff; fhl;lg;gl;ls;s tpil vj.? C N 2 N 2 (A) (B) (C) (D) (1) A < C < D < B (2) C < B < D < A (3) A < C < B < D (4) A < B < C < D (5) C < B < A < D 18. A, B, C, D Mfpatw;Ws; cz;ikahf,lk;ngwk; jhf;fq;fs; vit? Mg/cyu;> <ju; (A) CCl C MgCl Na C (B) C CNa C C C C (C) Cl 3 Na + 19. (D) CNC 6 5 Na N 2 + C 6 5 C Na + (1) A, B khj;jpuk; (2) B, C khj;jpuk; (3) A, B"C khj;jpuk; (4) B, C" D khj;jpuk; (5) A, B, C, D Mfpa ahtk; C vdk; Nru;it Kjypy; PCl 5 cldk; gpd;du; kpif MgBr cldk; jhf;fkwr; nra;j fpilf;fk; tpisit epu;g;gfg;gr; nra;tjhy; fpilf;fk; Nru;it gpd;tutdtw;ws; vj? (1) C C (2) 2 C (3) C (4) C C 3 (5) 2 C 20. X vdk; Nrjdr; Nru;it gpd;tuk; mtjhdpg;gf;;fisj; je;jj. (A) njhydpd; Nrhjidg; nghusld; nts;sp Mbiaj; jutpy;iy. (B) cnyhf Na cld; jhf;fk; Gupe;J thanthd;iwj; je;jj. (C) Na 2 C 3 epu;f; fiuryld; jhf;fk; Gupatpy;iy. (D) gpupbdpak; FNshNuh FNuhNkw;Wld; (PCC) jhf;fk; Gupe;jJ. X gpd;tuk; vr;nru;itahf,uf;fk;? C C (1) (2) (3) C (4) C C (5) C 21. Nru;it 2 N 2 C N 2 MdJ 0-5 C apy; NaN 2 /Ijhd Cl cld; gupfupf;fg;gl;l ngwg;glk; fiuryf;f 0-5 C apy; cs;s epu; Na,y; fiuf;fg;gl;l fiurypds; gpndhy; Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ.,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glk; gpujhd Nrjd tpisnghus; vj? (1) N N (2) N N (3) 2 N 2 C N N (4) 2 C N N (5) 2 N N N [gf;. 4Ig; ghu;f;f

- 4-22. gpd;tuk; ve;jr; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rkr;rpuw;w,uz;l fhgd; mzf;fs; mlq;fpas;s Nru;it xd;w fpilf;fk;? Ijhd (1) C Cl 2 S 4 i. LiAl (2) C C 4 ii. + / 2 (3) C (5) C Cl Ijhd Na C N 2 (4) C Cl Cl i. Mg/cyu; <jy; ii. 2 23. jhf;ftpj khwpyp k nfhz;l A + B Y vdk; rkg;glj;jpa rkd;ghl;bdhy; fhl;lg;glk; jhf;fkhdj A rhu;ghf Kjyhk; tupirak; B rhu;ghf g+r;rpa tupirak; MFk;. fdtst V cila fiurypy; A,dJ n %y;fs; B,dJ n %y;fsld; jhf;fk; Gupar; nra;ag;gl;lj. t Neuj;jpy; fiurypy; Njhd;wpAs;s Y,d; mst x %y; vd;gj mwpag;gl;lj. t Neuj;jpy; jhf;f tpjk; R Mapd; x,d; ngwkhdk; (1) n R k (2) n RV n (3) k V Rk (4) n Rk (5) n RV V k 24. A, B Mfpatw;wpd; rk %y;fshyhd Jtpj,yl;rpaf; fiuryld; rkepiyapy; fhzg;glk; Mtp A apd; %y; gpd;dk; ahj? (Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; J}a A,dJ MtpaKf;fk;> J}a B apdj MtpaKf;fj;jpd;,uz;L klq;fhfk;.) 1 1 (1) (2) (3) 2 (4) 1 (5) 2 4 3 5 2 3 25. 25 C,y; 0.1 mol dm 3 nrwpts;s> xu%y nkd;dkpynkhd;w epu; Nru;j;J 100 klq;f Ijhf;fg;gl;lJ. fpilf;fk; fiurypd; p ngwkhdk; ahj? mkpyj;jpd; $l;lg;gpupif khwpyp 25 C,y; 1 10 5 mol dm 3 MFk;.) (1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5 (5) 7 26. 0.05 mol dm 3 nrwpts;s CaCl 2 fiurypd; 500 cm 3,y; fiuak; cr;r AgCl %y; mst ahj? ^Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; K sp AgCl 1 10 10 mol 2 dm 6 MFk;.& (1) 0.5 10 10 mol (2) 1 10 10 mol (3) 5 10 10 mol (4) 1 10 9 mol (5) 5 10 8 mol 27. N 2 4 (g) gpd;tukhw $l;lg;gpupif milak;. N 2 4 (g) 2N 2 (g) xu Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; %ba ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 1.0mol N 2 4 (g),id itj;j rkdpiy milatplg;gl;lnghj $l;lg;gpupif mst a ck; nkhj;j mkf;fk; P ck; mjd; rkepiy khwpyp K P ck; Mapd; a njhlu;ghf gpd;tuk; ve;jj; Nju;T cz;ikahdj? 1 1 2 K (1) α P K (2) α P 2 K P + 4P (3) α 1 4 + K P 1+ 4P 1 KP K P K P 2 (4) α P 4 + K (5) α P P P 4 K P P 28. A vdk; jpz;kk; 350 K,Yk; Nkw;gl;l ntg;gepiyfspy; gpd;tukhw gfjp $l;lg;gpupifailak;. A(s) 2B(g) + C(g) A jpz;kj;jpd; xu Fwpj;j %y; msit %ba ghj;jpuj;jpy; itj;j 400 K,y; rkepiy milatplg;gl;lj. mjd; kp ngwkhdk; 3.2 10 13 Pa 3 Mff; fhzg;gl;lj. rkepiyapy; B(g),dJ gfjpakf;fk; ahj? (1) 1.6 10 3 Pa (2) 1.6 10 4 Pa (3) 2.0 10 4 Pa (4) 4.0 10 4 Pa (5) 8.0 10 4 Pa [gf;. 5Ig; ghu;f;f

- 5-29. cnyhfq;fs; fw;wad;fs; khj;jpuk; jho;j;jg;glk; vdf; fujp NiS 4, AgN 3 " Cr(N 3 ) 3 Mfpa xt;nthd;wpdjk; nrwpt rkkhd epu;f; fiury;fspd; Clhf XusT Neuj;Jf;F xnu kpd;ndhl;lk; nryj;jk;nghj gbak; Ni, Ag, Cr Mfpa cnyhf %y;;fsf;fpilapyhd tpfpjk; ahj? (1) 2 3 3 (2) 3 6 2 (3) 3 2 6 (4) 2 1 3 (5) 29 108 26 30. gpd;tuk; rkepiyiaf; fujf. A(g) + B(g) 3C(g) ; Δ < 0 gpd;tuk; ve;j khw;wk;> tpist C msit mjpfupj;jf; nfhs;tjw;ff; fhuzkhfk;? (1) khwh mkf;fj;jpd; fpo; ntg;gepiyia mjpfupj;jy; (2) khwh ntg;gepiyapy; mkf;fj;ij mjpfupj;jy; (3) khwh ntg;gepiyapy; fdtsitf; Fiwj;jy; (4) khwh mkf;fj;jpy; rlj;jt thanthd;wpid njhfjpapy; Nru;j;jy; (5) khwh fdtstpy; rlj;jt thanthd;wpid njhfjpapy; Nru;j;jy; 31 njhlf;fk; 40 tiuas;s tpdhf;fs; xt;nthd;wf;fk; (a), (b), (c), (d) vd;dk; ehd;f njuptfs; jug;gl;ls;sd. mtw;ws; xd;w jpuj;jkhdj my;yj xd;wf;f Nkw;gl;lit jpuj;jkhdit. jpuj;jkhd njupit / njuptfisj; Nju;e;njLf;f. (a), (b) Mfpad khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhditnadpy; (1),d; kpjk; (b), (c) Mfpad khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhditnadpy; (2),d; kpjk; (c), (d) Mfpad khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhditnadpy; (3),d; kpjk; (d), (a) Mfpad khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhditnadpy; (4),d; kpjk; NtW njuptfspd; vz;nzh Nru;khdq;fNsh jpuj;jkhditnadpy; (5),d; kpjk; tpilj;jhspy; jug;gl;ls;s mwptwj;jy;fsf;fika tpiliaf; Fwpg;gpLf. Nkw;$wpa mwptwj;jw;; RUf;fk; (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (a), (b) Mfpad (b), (c) Mfpad (c), (d) Mfpad (d), (a) Mfpad NtW njuptfspd; vz;nzh Nru;khdq;fNsh khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhdit khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhdit khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhdit khj;jpuk; jpuj;jkhdit jpuj;jkhdit 31. sp fyg;ghf;fkile;j mznthd;w njhlu;ghf cz;ikahd $w;w vj / $w;wf;fs; vit? (a) vg;nghjk; VSEPR Nrhbfs;,uz;L fhzg;glk;. (b) Kk;ikg; gpizg;ig cuthf;fyhk;. (c) vg;nghjk; σ gpizg;gf;fs;,uz;l Njhd;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;. (d) vg;nghjk; π gpizg;g xd;nwdk; Njhd;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;. 32. gpd;tuk; jhf;fq;fss; vjpy; / vtw;wpy;, S " G Mfpa %d;w khw;wq;fspdjk; FwpaPLfs; kiwahf fhzg;glyhk;? (a) Ba() 2 (aq) + 2 S 4 (aq) BaS 4 (s) + 2 2 (l) (b) 4Na(s) + 2 (g) 2Na 2 (s) (c) 6C 2 (g) + 6 2 (g) C 6 12 6 (s) + 6 2 (g) (d) 2 2 (l) 2 2 (g) + 2 (g) 33. N 3,dJ,urhadk; njhlu;ghd gpd;tuk; vf; $w;w cz;ikahdj / $w;wf;fs; cz;ikahdit? (a) N 3 xl;rpnaw;wpahfj; njhopw;glk; vy;yhr; re;ju;g;gq;fspyk; Ijurd; jho;j;jg;glk; (b) N 3 cnyhfj;jld; jhf;fk; GupAk;NghJ vg;nghjk; cnyhfj;jpd; mikl;l (N 2 ) Njhd;Wk;. (c) jpz;k N 4 Cl I cufpa NaN 2,w;F Nru;f;Fk;NghJ N 3 Njhd;Wk;. (d) N 3 kpif Cl 2 cld; jhf;fk; Guptjhy; 2 Njhd;Wk;. 34. M vdk; cnyhfj;jpd; fw;wad;fs; mlq;fpas;s epu;f; fiuryld; mnkhdpah epu;f; fiuriyr; Nru;g;gjhy; xu gr;ir epw tpo;gbt fpilf;fk;.,e;j tpo;gbtld; Ijurd; Ngnuhl;irl;ilr; Nru;g;gjhy; njspthd epwkhw;wnkhd;w Vw;gLk;. M gpd;tuk; ve;jf; fw;wadhf / fw;wad;fshf,uf;fyhk;? (a) Mn 2+ (b) Fe 2+ (c) Cr 3+ (d) Ni 2+ [gf;. 6Ig; ghu;f;f

- 6-35. C C C vdk; Nru;it (a) xspapay; rkgfjpa tbtq;fshff; fhzg;glk;. 36. (b) Nfj;jpu fzpj rkgfjpa tbtq;fshff; fhzg;glk;. (c) mkpyk; Nru;e;j nghw;whrpak; Ngu;kq;fNdw;Wld; jhf;fk; Gupe;J ntz;zpw gspq;fuj; jpz;kj;ijj; juk;. (d) mnkhdpahnru; nts;sp iej;jpnuw;wld; jhf;fk; Guptjpy;iy. N 2 C C C cz;ikahdit? vdk; Nru;it njhlu;ghf gpd;tuk; ve;jf;$w;w cz;ikahdj / $w;wf;fs; (a) mj N 2 mkpyj;jld; jhf;fk; Gupe;J N 2 Ij; juk; (b) epuw;w Al 2 3 cld; jhf;fkw;w cuthfk; tpist jpz;k Njhw;w rkgfjpaj;ijf; fhl;lhj. (c) mjpy; sp 2 fyg;gs;s fhgd; mzf;fs;,uz;l khj;jpunk fhzg;glk;. (d) mj PBr 3 > Br 2 Mfpa,uz;LlDk; jhf;fkwk;. 37. xu Fwpj;j,urhadj; jhf;fj;jf;f> Cf;fpnahd;wpd; nry;thf;f njhlu;ghf gpd;tuk; vf;$w;w rupahdj/ vf;$w;wf;fs; rupahdit? (a) Vtw; rf;jpiaf; Fiwj;jy; (b) gad;ju NkhJifg; gpd;dj;ij mjpfupj;jy; (c) G,dJ kiwg;ngwkhdj;ij mjpfupj;jy; (d) nghwpkiwia khw;wjy; 38. gpd;tuk; jhf;fq;fss; jhf;f tpisthf FNshupd; tha ntsptplg;glk; re;ju;g;gk; vj? re;ju;g;gq;fs; vit? (a) Cl (aq) + I 2 (aq) (b) Cl (s) + nrwpt 2 S 4 (aq) (c) Mn 2 (s) + + (aq) + Cl (aq) (d) Cl (aq)+ Cl (aq) + + (aq) 39. A, B Mfpa jputq;fis cila Jtpj,yl;rpa fiurypd; MtpaKf;ffl;likg;G tiugpy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gs;spfs; njhlu;ghfg; gpd;tuk; vf;$w;w cz;ikahdj? vf;$w;wf;fs; cz;ikahdit?,q;f P A > P B MtNjhL X A vd;gj jput mtj;ijapy; A,dJ %y; gpd;dkhfk;. (a) M Neu;Nfhl;bdhy; A,dJ gfjp MtpaKf;fk; Fwpf;fg;gLk;. (b) A, B Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;l ve;jnthu fiurypyk; mjd; epuk;gyhtpakf;fk; mt;ntg;gepiyapy; P A,Yk; rpwpaj. (c) khwh ntg;gepiyapy; nkhj;j MtpaKf;fkhdJ L,w;Fk; M,w;Fk;,ilNaahd xu Neu;Nfhl;bNyNa,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. (d) Mtp mtj;ijapy; nkhj;j mkf;fk; jput mtj;ijapd; A %y; gpd;dj;jld; Neu;Nfhlhf khw;wkila khl;lhj. P L X A M(P A ) 40. ngd;ry;bifl;l> Gnuhg;gdy; fyitnahd;w Ijhd Nrhbaikj;nuhl;irl;Lld; jhf;fk; Gupe;J gpd;tuk; ve;j tpist / tpistfs; fpilf;fk;? C C C (a) (b) C C C 3 C C (c) 2 C C 3 (d) C 3 C C C N [gf;. 7Ig; ghu;f;f

- 7-41 njhlf;fk; 50 tiuas;s tpdhf;fs; xt;nthd;wpyk;,uz;l $w;wfs; jug;gl;ls;sd. ml;ltizapys;s (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) Mfpa njuptfspypue;j xt;nthu tpdhtf;fk; jug;gl;ls;s,uz;l $w;wfsf;fk; kpftk; rpwg;ghfg; nghue;jk; njupitj; njupe;j nghuj;jkhf tpilj;jhspw; Fwpg;gpLf. njuptfs; KjyhtJ $w;w,uz;lhtj $w;w (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) cz;ikahdj cz;ikahdj cz;ikahdj ngha;ahdj ngha;ahdj KjyhtJ $w;w 41. thaepiy K + madpd; MiuahdJ thaepiy Na mztpd; Miuia tplg; ngupaj. 42. rkkhd epge;jidfspd; fpo; epu;ka Ba() 2 xu %y; 2 S 4 mkpyj;jpdhy; Kikahf elepiyahf;fg;glk; NghJk; epu;ka K,uz;L %y;fs; 2 S 4,dhy; Kikahf elepiyahf;fkilak; NghJk; rk mst rf;jp tpltpf;fg;glk;. 43. AgI(s), MdJ nrwpe;j mnkhdpaf; fiurypy; fiuakhl;lhj. 44. Al 3+ " Zn 2+ mad;fis xd;wpypue;j xd;w NtWgLj;jp,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;L epu;f;fiury; Nghd;W mnkhdpah epu;f;fiuryk; nghuj;jkhdj. 45. C Br Nru;itapd; epu;f; fiurypds; CCl 4 jputj;ijr; Nru;j;J> gpd;g FNshupd; thaitf; Fkpopfshf;fr; nra;ak;nghj fgpy epw rpw Nfhsk; Njhd;Wk;. 46. fynkhd;wpd; kpd; tha;fsf;fpilapyhd J}uj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk;NghJ fyj;jpd; kpd;dpaf;f tpir mjpfupf;fk;. 47. gpndhg;jypd; fhl;b rpy Jspfis,l;L> capu;g;gw;w kpd;tha;fisg; gad;glj;jp Na 2 S 4 epu;f; fiurnyhd;iw kpd;gff;f> mndhl;bd; munf,sq; rptg;g epwk; Njhd;Wk;. 48. n[l; tpkhdq;fspy; ntsptplg;glk; Gifapy; mlq;fpas;s iejurd; xl;irl;lf; (N x ) fss; N, N 2 Mfpad XNrhd; gilapy; mjpf ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. 49. nu/g;nyhd; (Teflon) ntg;gkpwf;fk; xu gy;gfjpak; my;y. cz;ikahtnjhl Kjyhk; $w;wf;fj; jpuj;jkhd tpsf;fj;ijj; jutj cz;ikahtnjhl Kjyhk; $w;wf;fj; jpuj;jkhd tpsf;fj;ijj; juhj ngha;ahdj cz;ikahdj ngha;ahdj,uz;lhtj $w;w Na mztpd; gad;gl fu Vw;wkhdJ K + madpd; mg;ngwkhdj;ij tplg; ngupaj. td; %ynkhd;w td; mkpynkhd;wpdhy; elepiyahf;fg;glk;nghj + (aq) + (aq) 2 (l) vdk; jhf;fk; epfk;. AgI(s) + 2N 3 (aq) Ag(N 3 ) 2+ (aq) + I (aq) vd;dk; jhf;fj;jpd; rkepiy khwpyp kpftr; rpwpaj. Al, Zn ck; <upay;gs;s cnyhfq;fshtnjhl mtw;wpd; mad;fs; rpf;fyhd Nru;itfisk; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. C Br vdk; Nru;itapd; Br mzthdj gq;fpl;l tyg; gpizg;gpdhy; gpize;js;sj. fynkhd;wpd; kpd; tha;fsf;fpilapyhd J}uj;ijf; Fiwf;Fk;NghJ fyj;jil FiwtilAk;. kpd;gfg;gpd;nghj md;dad;fs; mndhl;il Nehf;fp ftug;glk;. N, N 2 Mfpad RahjPd %ypfq;fis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;. nu/g;nyhd; vd;gj xu $l;ly;; gy;gfjpakhfk;. 50. C IAk; C 2 5 Na +, IAk; 2 1 vdk; %y; tpfpjj;jpy; fyg;gjhy; Njhd;Wk; fiury; jhq;fy;,ay;gfisf; fhl;lk;. nkd;dkpynkhd;iwak; td;fhunkhd;iwak; fyg;gjhy; jhq;fw; fiurnyhd;iwj; jahupf;f KbAk;. * * *

f.ngh.j. (c.juk;) cjtpf; fuj;juq;f - 2015,urhadtpay; II %d;w kzpj;jpahyk; Fwpg;G ^i& A gfjpapd; vy;yh tpdhf;fsf;fk;,j;jhspnyna tpil vjf. ^ii& B gfjpapypue;j,uz;l tpdhf;fisak; C gfjpapypue;j,uz;l tpdhf;fisak; njupt nra;j ehd;f tpdhf;fsf;f tpil vjf. mfpy tha khwpyp> R 8.314 J K 1 mol 1 mtfhjnuh khwpyp> N A 6.022 10 23 mol 1 gpshq;fpd; khwpyp> h 6.624 10 34 J s xspapd; fjp> c 3 10 8 m s 1 gfjp A mikg;gf; fl;liu ehd;f tpdhf;fsf;fk;,j;jhspnyna tpil vjf. (xt;nthu tpdhtpd; tpilf;fk; 10 Gs;spfs; toq;fg;glk;;.) 1. (a) gpd;tutdtw;iw milg;gf;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s,ay;Gfspd; mjpfupf;fk; tupirf;nfw;g xq;fglj;jf. (i) N 2 4, N 2, N 2 (iejurd; mztpy; xl;rpnaw;w vz;)... <... <... (ii) 2 2, 2, 3 ( gpizg;gpd; epsk;)... <... <... (iii) SF 2, SF 4, SF 6 (S F gpizg;gr; rf;jp)... <... <... (iv) Na, Zn, V (cufepiy)... <... <... (v) Mg() 2, Ba() 2, Al() 3 (gpupif ntg;gepiy)... <... <... ^3.0 Gs;sp& (b) Ig;Nghiej;jpNuw;W madpd; (N 2 3 2 ) rl;lfk; fpno jug;gl;ls;sj. 1 2 N 3 N 4 5 (i),e;j madf;f Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba Y}ap fl;likg;ig tiuf. (ii),e;j madf;fhd guptf; fl;likg;gfis tiuf. Nkw;gb gfjp (i),y; tiue;j fl;likg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l (iii) - (v) tiuas;s tpdhf;fsf;f tpil vjf. (iii) 2 " N 3 Mfpa mzf;fis Rw;wpAs;s,yj;jpud; Nrhbf; Nfj;jpu fzpjj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf. 2 - N 3 - (iv) ve;j Xgpw;wy;fs; Nkw;nghUe;Jtjd; %yk; N 4 5 gpizg;g Njhd;Wk;? N 4-5 - [ gf;. 2Ig; ghu;f;f

- 2 - (v) gpizg;gf; Nfhzq;fspd; fpl;ba ngwkhdj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;L> Nkw;gb (i),y; tiue;j Y}ap fl;likg;gpd; tbtj;ijg; gukl;lhf tiuf. ^3.5 Gs;spfs;& (c) Ijurd; mztpd; xt;nthu gpujhd rf;jp kl;lj;jpy;,yj;jpud; mikak;nghj mjpy; mlq;fk; rf;jp fpno ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sj. (futpypue;j Kbtpyp rf;jpkl;lj;jpy; cs;s,yj;jpudpd; rf;jpahdj g+r;rpak; vd;gjw;f mika,yj;jpudpy; mlq;fpas;s rf;jpg; ngwkhdq;fs; kiwf; Fwpapy; jug;gl;ls;sd. gpujhd rf;jp kl;lk; (n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7,yj;jpudpy; mlq;fpas;s rf;jp$kj mol 1 1311 327 145 80 52 36 24 Ijurd; fhyy; jpurpaj;jpd; Nfhl;Lj; njhlu;fs;,uz;l fpno jug;gl;ls;sd. S R Q P DC B A NfhL D Cjh epwkhdj. (i) P, Q, R, S NfhLfs; mlq;fk; njhliug; ngauplf. (ii) D Nfhl;Lf;Fupa gpujhd rf;jpkl;lq;fs;,uz;bdjk; rf;jpia kj mol 1,y; vjf. (iii) D Nfhl;Lf;Fupa fjpu;g;gpy;; 1 %y; Nghl;ld;,dJ rf;jp vt;tst? (iv) Cjh epwj;jf;fupa fjpu;g;gpd; kpbwd; vt;tst? (v) Ijurd; mztpd; Kjyhk; madhf;fr; rf;jp vt;tst? ^3.5 Gs;spfs;& 2. (a),g;gfjp p njhfg;g %yfq;fs; %d;wpd; Ijiul;Lfshd N 3, 2 S " I Mfpa tha epiyr; Nru;itfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit (i) gpd;tuk; Nrhjidfs; %yk; Nkw;gb thaf;fss; ve;j thait my;yj thaf;fis,dq;fhzyhk; vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. ve;jnthu thaitak;,dq;fhz Kbahnjdpd; vjtk;,y;iy vd vjf. (I) <uypg;ghd rptg;gg; ghrpr;rhaj;jhisg; gpbj;jy;... (II) epu; nrg;g ry;ngw;wf; fiurnyhd;wpds; Fkpopf;fr; nra;jy;... (III) mkpyk; Nru;f;fg;gl;l nghw;whrpakpufnuhnkw;wf; Njha;j;j tbjhisg; gpbj;jy;... [ gf;. 3Ig; ghu;f;f

- 3 - (ii) gpd;tuk; gjhu;j;jq;fsld; jhf;fk; GupAk; Nkw;Fwpj;j thaf;fss; xu tha tpjk; njuptnra;j> mj;jhf;fj;jf;fupa rkg;glj;jpa rkd;ghl;il vjpnu vjf. (I) Nrhbak; cnyhfk;... (II) FNshuPd; epu;... (III) fe;jftpnuhl;irl;l tha... (iii) N 3 " I Mfpa thaf;fsf;f,ilnaas;s jhf;fj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; tpistpd; #j;jpuj;ij vjp> mjpy; mlq;fpas;s,urhadg; gpizg;gf;fspd; tiffisg; ngauplf. (iv) gpd;tuk; %yf;$w;w,il tpirfs; NkNy 2(a)apy; jug;gl;l ve;j Ijiul;Lf;fspy; fhzg;glk;? (I) Ijurd; gpizg;gf;fs;... (II) fiyt tpirfs; (yz;ld; tpirfs;)... (v) Xu; cg;ig ntg;gnkw;wpanghj gpupifaile;j N 3 " 2 S Mfpatw;iw kl;lk; tpistfshfj; jufpd;wj. mttg;gpd; #j;jpuj;ijak; IUPAC ngaiuak; vjf. ^6.8 Gs;spfs;& (b) ehfk;> 3d tupiriar; Nru;e;j xu %yfkhfk;. (i) jiu epiyapy; cs;s ehf mztpdjk; Zn 2+ madpdjk;,yj;jpudpiyaikg;gfis vjf. Zn mz... Zn 2+ mad;... (ii) Nkw;gb,yj;jpudpiyaikg;gpd; %yk; gpd;tuk; tplaj;ij tpsf;ff. 3d tupir %yfq;fss;> ehfk; vd;w %yfj;jpd; cuf epiy FiwthdJ...... (iii) Zn 2+ mad;fsk; Cu 2+ mad;fsk; rkkhd nrwptpy; fye;js;s Ijhd epu;f; fiurnyhd;wpd;,uz;l gfjpfs; ntt;ntwhfg; gpd;tukhw gupfupf;fk;nghj fpilf;fk; mtjhdpg;gf;fisj; juf. (I) IjNuhf;FNshupf; mkpyj;jpdhy; mkpyg;glj;jpa gpd;g Ijurd;ry;igl;L thaitr; nryj;jjy;.... (II) epu; mnkhdpaf; fiuriy kpifahfr; Nru;j;jy;.... (iv) epu; Clfj;jpy; ehfj;jpd; mad;fs; [Zn( 2 ) 6 ] 2+ Mff; fhzg;glk;. (I) Nkw;gb madpd; IUPAC ngaiu vjf.... (II) Nkw;gb madpd; ika ehf mzitr; Rw;wpAs;s tbtk; ahj?... [ gf;. 4 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 4 - (v) xu Fwpj;j nrwpts;s iej;jpupf; mkpykk; ehfkk; jhf;fk;gupe;j ehf iej;jpnuw;w> iejurpd; (N 2 4 ), epu; Mfpatw;iwj; jufpd;wd.,j;jhf;fj;jf;fupa rkg;glj;jpa,urhadr; rkd;ghl;il vjf. ^3.2 Gs;spfs;& 3. (a) 2 A vd;gj,u%y nkd;dkpykhfk;. 0.1 mol dm 3 nrwpts;s epu; 2 A fiurypd; 25.00 cm 3,id 0.1 mol dm 3 nrwpts;s epu; Na fiurnyhd;wld; epakpg;gr; nra;ak;nghj Clfj;jpd; p ngwkhdk;> Na fdtstld; khwk; tpjk; fpno tiugpy; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sj. p A 0 B 12.50 C D E 25.00 37.50 50.00 Na fdtst/cm 3 (i) 2 A,d; Kjyhk; $l;lg;gpupifj; jhf;fj;ij vjp> mf;$l;lg;gpupif khwpyp K a1,w;fhd xu Nfhitia vjf. (ii) A, B, C, D Mfpa Gs;spfSs; vj Nkw;Fwpj;j epakpg;gpd;nghj FLitapy; cs;s fiurypy; [ 2 A] [A ] MFk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; cs;s p ngwkhdj;ijf; fhz;gpf;fk;? (iii) Nkw;gb gfjp (ii),y; Fwpf;fg;gl;l Gs;spf;Fupa p ngwkhdk; 3.0 Mapd; K a1,d; ngwkhdj;ijf; fzpf;f. (iv) 2 A KtJk; A Mf khwpa re;ju;g;gj;jf;fupa Gs;sp vj? mg;gs;spf;fupa p ngwkhdj;ijf; fzpf;ff. 2 A,d;,uz;lhk; $l;lg;gpupif khwpyp K a2 5.0 10 8 mol dm 3 MFk;. [ gf;. 5 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 5 - (v) Nkw;jug;gl;l tiugpy; 2 A KtJk; A 2 Mf khwpa re;ju;g;gj;jpy; cs;s fiurypd; p ngwkhdj;jf;f xg;ghd Gs;sp vj? (b) (vi),e;j epakpg;ig elj;jk;nghj FLitapy; cs;s fiury; rpwe;j jhq;fy; njhopw;ghl;ilf; fhl;lk; re;ju;g;gj;ij tiugpy; jug;gl;ls;s vg;gs;sp fhl;lfpd;wj?,f;fiurypd; jhq;fy; njhopw;ghl;il cupa jhf;fq;fis vjpf;fhl;b tpsf;ff. (i) khwepiy (critical) ntg;gepiy vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;glj;jf. (ii) e, N 3 > C 2 Mfpatw;iw khwepiy ntg;gepiyfspd; VWtupirg;gb xq;fglj;jf.... <... <... (iii),yl;rpa thanthd;wpdjk; <ypak; thatpdjk; mnkhdpah thatpdjk; mkf;fg;gl fhuzp mkf;fj;jld; khwk; tpjj;ij gukl;lhf tiue;j> tiugfisg; ngauplf. (iv) nka;thanthd;wpd; mkf;fg;gl fhuzpf;fk; khwepiy ntg;gepiyf;fk;,ilapyhd njhlu;igr; RUf;fkhf tpsf;ff. ^3.0 Gs;spfs;& [ gf;. 6 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 6-4. (a) A, B, C, D vd;git C 5 12 vdk; %yf;$w;wr; #j;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;l xspaapu;g;gw;w ehd;f rkgfjpar; Nru;itfs; MFk;. A, MdJ epuw;w ehf FNshiul;L> nrwpj;j IjNuhf;FNshupf; mkpyk; Mfpatw;wpd; Kd;dpiyapy; cldbahf fyq;fy; jd;ikiaf; fhl;lk;. vdpdk; B, C, D Mfpad mt;thwhd mtjhdpg;igj; jutjpy;iy. B, C, D Mfpad PCC Kd;dpiyapy;> Ngypq;fpd; fiuryld; jhf;fkwf; $ba tpistfs; E, F, G I KiwNa jufpd;wd. E, FMfpad Ijhd Nrhbak; Ijnuhl;irl;L Kd;dpiyapy; xlf;fy; tpistfisj; juk;. vdpdk; G mt;thwhd tpisitj; jutjpy;iy. (b) (i) A, D Mfpatw;wpd; fl;likg;gfis gpd;tuk; ngl;bfss; tiuf. A D (ii) B, C Mfpatw;Wf;F,Uf;fj;jf;f fl;likg;gfisg; gpd;tuk; ngl;bfss; tiuf. (iii) B, C Mfpatw;iw KiwNa nrwpe;j ry;g+upf; mkpyk; Nru;j;J epufw;wpa gpd;du; Ijurd; GNuhikl;Lld; jhf;fk;gupar; nra;j fpilf;fk; tpistfis mw;fnfhy;nru; nghw;whrpak; Ijnuhl;irl;Lld; jhf;fk; Gupar; nra;ag;gl;ld. B ahdj jpz;k Njhw;w rkgfjpa,ay;igf; fhl;lk; vdk; tpisitj; jufpd;wj. C mt;thwhd tpisitj; jutjpy;iy. B apd; fl;likg;igg; gpd;tuk; ngl;bapds; vjf. B (iv) B,dhy; (iii),y; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l tpistpd; fl;likg;ig tiuf. (v) fhl;lk; rkgfjpa,ay;;g ahj?... (vi),d; IUPAC ngaiu vjf.... ^3.6 Gs;spfs;& C C a jhf;fk; - 1 Q b jhf;fk; - 2 R c jhf;fk; - 3 S PBr 3 T jhf;fk; - 4 C( ) 2 d jhf;fk; - 5 [ gf;. 7 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 7 - (i) Q, R, S " T Mfpa fl;likg;gfis gpd;tuk; ngl;bfspds; vjf. Q R S T (ii) a, b, c, d Mfpa Nrhjidg; nghus;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. a -... b -... c -... d -... (iii) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Mfpa jhf;fq;fis fuehl;lf;$l;ly; (A N ), fuehl;lg; gpujpapl (S N ),,yj;jpud;ehl;lf; $l;ly; (A E ),,yj;jpud;ehl;lg; gpujpapl (S E ) gpw - () vd tifg;glj;jp mt; xt;nthu jhf;fj;jpdjk; jhf;fk;,dj;ijak; gpd;tuk; ml;ltizapy; vjf. jhf;fk; jhf;f tif jhf;fk;,dk; 1 2 3 4 5 (iv) jhf;fk; 5,d; jhf;fg; nghwpkiwia vjpf; fhl;lf. (v) (b) apy; fhl;ba jhf;fk; 5,d; tpistf;f Nkyjpfkhf jhf;fj;jpd;nghj Njhw;wf;$ba kw;wnkhu tpistpd; fl;likg;ig vjf. (vi) NkNy (v),d; jhf;fj;jpy; Nrhjidg; nghushdj vt;thwhd gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wj?... ^6.4 Gs;spfs;& ** [ gf;. 8 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 8 - gfjp B fl;liu,uz;l tpdhf;fsf;f khj;jpuk; tpil juf.(xt;nthu tpdhtpd; tpilf;fk; 15 Gs;spfs; tpjk; oq;fg;glk;.) 5. (a) (i) ',yl;rpaf; fiury;" vd;gjhy; fujg;gltj ahj? (ii) khwh ntg;gepiyapy; %ba njhfjpnahd;wpy; Mtp mtj;ijald; rkepiyapy; cs;s A, B If; nfhz;l,yl;rpa Jtpjf; fiurnyhd;iwf; fujf. njhfjpapy; fhzg;glk; vy;yh,af;fr; rkdpiyfisak; vjpf; fhl;lf. (iii) Nkw;gb A gq;fnfhs;sk;,af;fr; rkepiyapy; Kd;Kfj;jhf;fk; gpd;kfj;jhf;fk; vd;gtw;wpd; tpjf; Nfhitfis vjf. (gad;glj;jk; gjq;fis tpsf;ff.) (iv) mjd; %yk; P A P A. x A vdk; Nfhitiag; ngwf.,q;f P A - A,dJ gfjp mkf;fk; P A - A,dJ epuk;gyhtpakf;fk; x A jput mtj;ijapy; A,d; %y; gpd;dk; ^ 3.0 Gs;spfs;& (b) A, B jputq;fs; xt;nthd;wpdjk; V fdtst (V 0.8314 dm 3 ) tpjk; vlj;j> 100.8 V fdtstila ntw;wplkhf;fpa ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; Nru;j;J rkepiyaila itf;fggl;lj. 300 K,y; nkhj;j MtpaKf;fk; 3.00 10 5 Pa MFk;. 300 K,y; A, B jputq;fspd; %yu;f; fdtstfs; KiwNa 8.314 10 2 dm 3 mol 1 " 4.157 10 2 dm 3 mol 1 MFk;. A, B If; nfhz;l fiury;,yl;rpa elj;ijiaf; fhl;lfpd;wj. (i) fyf;fg;gl;l A, B %y; mstfis ntt;ntwhff; fzpg;gplf. (ii) Mtp mtj;ijapy; A,dJ %y; gpd;dk; 0.2 Mapd; A, B Mfpatw;wpd; gfjp MtpaKf;fq;fis ntt;ntwhff; fzpf;ff. (iii) Mtp mtj;ijapd; fdtst 100 V vdf; fujp Mtp mtj;ijapy; A, B Mfpatw;wpy; %y; mstfis ntt;ntwhff; fzpf;ff. (iv) 300 K,y; A, B Mfpatw;wpd; epuk;gyhtpakf;fq;fis ntt;ntwhff; fzpf;ff. (v) A, B Mfpa jputq;fs; Kikahf MtpahFkhW Nkw;gb njhfjpapd; ntg;gepiy cau;j;jg;gl;lj. mg;nghj A tha khj;jpuk; A(g) 2C(g) vd gfjpahff; $l;lg;gpupifaile;jj.,t;thwhd njhfjp rkepiyailak;nghj 403.2 K ntg;gepiyapy; nkhj;j mkf;fk; 1.4 10 6 Pa Mf,Ue;jJ. (I) 403.2 K,y; xt;nthu $wpd; gfjpakf;fj;ijf; fzpf;ff. (II) 403.2 K,y; Nkw;gb (V) rkepiyf;fhd rkepiy khwpyp K P If; fzpf;f. ^7.0 Gs;spfs;& (c) X vdk; fisehrpdp fye;js;sikahy; epu; khjpupnahd;w khrile;js;sj. mt;thw khrile;j epu; 200 cm 3 khjpupnahd;wpypue;j X I epf;ftjw;fhf jpl;lkplg;gl;l xu gupnrhjidf;fhf cq;fsf;f 150 cm 3,Uvijapy; <ju; jug;gl;ls;sj. jug;gl;ls;s <jupd; 50 cm 3 tpjk; gad;glj;jp gpd;tuk; mlj;jlj;j %d;w gpupj;njlg;gf;fs; %yk;,jidr; nra;a vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glfpd;wj. Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; <juf;fk; epuf;fk;,ilna X,d; guk;gw; Fzfk; 16 MFk;. (fisehrpdp <ju; Clfj;jpy; epupyk; $Ljyhff; fiuak;) (i) epuf;fk; <juf;fk;,ilna X,d; guk;gypw;nfw;g rkepiyiaak;> K D,w;Fupa NfhitiaAk; vjf. (ii) KjyhtJ gpupj;njlg;gpd; gpd;du; epupy; kpjpahfts;s X,d; msit mjd; Muk;g mstpd; gpd;dkhfj; juf. (iii) %d;w gpupj;njlg;gf;fspd; gpd;du; <jupds; gpupj;njlf;fg;gl;l X,d; msitr; rjtpjkhff; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;lf. (iv) Nkw;gb fzpj;jypd; NghJ epq;fs; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;l,uz;l vlnfhs;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ^5.0 Gs;spfs;& 6. (a) (i) #upa xspak; A vdk; Cf;fpAk; cs;snghj C 4 (g) IAk; C 2 (g) IAk; jhf;fk; Gupar; nra;j C(g) IAk; 2 (g) IAk; jahupj;jf;nfhs;syhk;.,j;jhf;fj;jf;fhf epak ntg;gts;siw khw;wk; x kj mol 1 MFk;. fhupak; epuhtpald; jhf;fk; GuptjdhYk; Nkw;gb tpistfs; Njhd;Wk;. mj;jhf;;fj;jf;fupa epak ntg;gts;siw khw;wk; 125 kj mol 1 MFk;. C 2 (g),dj epak Njhd;wy; ntg;gts;siw 394 kj mol 1 MFk;. C 4 (g),dj epak jfd ntg;gts;siw 800 kj mol 1 MFk;. (I) Nkw;gb,urhadj; jhf;fq;fsf;fupa rkg;glj;jpa,urhadr; rkd;ghlfis vjf. (II) x,d; ngwkhdj;ijf; fhz;f. ^3.0 Gs;spfs;& [ gf;. 9 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 9 - (b) X + 2Y + Z tpisfs;@ > 0 vdk; jhf;fj;jpd; tpjk; njhlu;ghd fw;iff;f nra;ag;gl;l xu gupnrhjidapd; gpd;tuk; jfty;fisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;f. 2.0 mol dm 3 nrwpthdq X fiury; 50 cm 3 ck; 1.0 mol dm 3 nrwpthd Y fiury; 100 cm 3 ck; 1.0 mol dm 3 nrwpthd Z fiury; 50 cm 3 ck; fyf;fg;gl;lnghj 4 nrf;fd;fspy; njhlf;f X mstpd; 20% jhf;fkile;js;sjhff; fz;lwpag;gl;lj. (i) X Efug;gLk; tpjj;ijf; fzpf;ff. (ii) Y Efug;gLk; tpjj;ij ca;j;jwpf. (iii) Nkw;gb jhf;fj;jf;fupa tpjf; Nfhitia vjf. gpd;du; X, Y Mfpatw;wpd; nrwpit khwhj itj;j Z,dJ nrwpit khw;wp kpz;lk; gupnrhjidfis elj;jpa NghJ jhf;f tpjk; NtWgltpy;iy vd;gj mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lj. NkYk; Nkw;gb jhf;fk; gpd;tuk;,uz;l gbkiwfsf;f Clhf epfo;e;jj vd;gj mwpag;gl;lj. X + Y XY (nkjthf) - Vtw; rf;jp Ea 1 XY + Y + Z tpistfs; (tpiuthf) - Vtw; rf;jp Ea 2 (iv) X, Y, Z rhu;ghf jhf;f tupiria ca;jjwpf. (v) tpjf; Nfhitiag; ngwf. (vi) Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jf;f Z Njitah? ckj tpiliaf; fhuzq;fsld; tpsf;ff. (vii) Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jpd; tpjj;ij jpu;khdpf;fk; gbkiw ahj?> (viii)mg;gbkiwapd; %yf;$w;wjpwd; ahj? (ix) Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jpd;,ilepiy ahj? (x) Nkw;Fwpj;j jhf;fj;jf;fhf ngaupl;l rf;jp tupg;glj;ij tiuf. ^7.0 Gs;spfs;& (c) xu khztu; Ftpdu; kf;dprpaj;jpd; rhuzj;jpzpitj; Jzptjw;fhfg; gupnrhjid xd;wpidj; jpl;lkpl;ldu;. ntt;ntw kf;dprpaj; jpzptfis vlj;j IjNuhf; FNshupf; mkpyj;jld; jhf;fk; Gupar; nra;j jahupj;j Ijurd; thatpd; fdtstfs; 1.0 10 5 Pa mkf;fj;jpyk; 27 C ntg;gepiyapyk; msf;fg;gl;ld. thrpg;gf;fs; fpno ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sd. kf;dprpak; jpzpt$mg Ijurd; thaf; fdtst$cm 3 35 34 33 32 34 33 (i) Ijurd; thaitr; Nrfupg;gjw;Fg; nghuj;jkhd fdkhd cgfuzq;fshf mstp my;yj mstr;rhb nghuj;jkhdj vd xu khztd; $wpdhu;.,tw;ws; kpfg; nghuj;jkhdj vd epq;fs; fujk; cgfuzk; vj? (ii) epq;fs; NkNy gfjp (i),;y; Fwpg;gpl;l cgfuzj;ijg; gad;glj;jpf; fdtsit msf;fk; NghJ ifahs Ntz;ba,uz;L cj;jpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) Nkw;gb gupnrhjidapd; ngwngwfisg; gad;glj;jp gpd;tutdtw;iwf; fzpf;ff. (I) Njhd;wpa Ijurd; tha %y; mst (II) jhf;fk; Gupe;j kf;dprpak; %y; mst (III) kf;dprpaj;jpd; rhuzj;jpzpt (iv) kf;dprpaj;jpd; rupahd rhuzj;jpzpt 24.31 MFk;. cq;fsf;ff; fpilj;j mzj;jpzptg; ngwkhdk; rupahd ngwkhdj;jpyk; NtWgl;ljhapd; mjw;fd fhuzq;fisj; juf. (v) nrwpt $ba IjNuhf; FNshupf; mkpyf; fiuriyg; gad;glj;jnthkhapd; gupnrhjidia elj;jtj,yfthdjh? fbdkhdjh? vd;gijf; fhuzq;fisf; fhl;b tpsf;ff. (vi) NkYk; jpuj;jkhd thrpg;igg; ngwtjw;fhf kf;dprpak; 100.0 mg I epwj;njlj;j jhf;fk; Gupar; nra;j gpd;du; vq;rpas;s kpjpia mse;j nrythfpa kf;dprpak Jzpitj; JzptJ NkYk; nghuj;jkhdj vd xu khztd; $Wfpwhd;. mjid epqfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wPu;fsh?,y;iyah? vd;gijf; fhuzq; fhl;b tpsf;ff. ^5.0 Gs;spfs;& [ gf;. 10 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 10-7. (a) (i) mikd;fs; %yr; Nru;itshff; fug;glfpd;wd. mw;fnfhy;fs; mt;thwhditahff; fujg;gltjpy;iy. xu Kjy; mikd;> xu Kjy; mw;fnfhy; Mfpad rhu;ghf Nkw;Fwpj;j $w;iw tpsf;ff. (ii) gpd;tuk; fl;likg;gfisf; fujf. N 2 " C3 C2N2 (b),tw;ws; $Ljyhd %yj;jd;ik cila Nru;it vj? mjw;fhd fhuzq;fisj; juf. (i) gpd;tuk; khw;wj;ij vt;thw epfo;j;jtpu; vdf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;lf. ^4.0 Gs;spfs;& C N ^5.2 Gs;spfs;& (ii) Propene ( C ) I khj;jpuk; Nrjdr; Nru;itahfg; gad;glj;jp gpd;tuk; Nru;itiaj; njhff;fk; tpjj;ijf; fhl;lf. 3 C C C C 3 3 C C 3 C (iii) fpno jug;gl;ls;s Nru;itiaf; fujf. (a) (b) C C ^4.8 Gs;spfs;& C C (d) (e) (c) NkNy jug;gl;l Nru;itAld; gpd;tuk; Nrjdg; nghus;fisr; Nru;g;gjhy; a, b, c, d, e vdg; ngauplg;gl;ls;s mzf;fss; vit jhf;fj;jpy; gq;fgw;wnkdf; Fwpg;gpLf. Nrhbak; cnyhfk; epu; Nrhbak; Ijnuhl;irl;L ^1.0 Gs;spfs;& gfjp C fl;liu,uz;l tpdhf;fsf;f khj;jpuk; tpil vjf. xt;nthu tpilf;fk; 15 Gs;spfs; tpjk; toq;fg;glk;. & 8. (a),t;tpdh Mtu;j;jd ml;ltizapy; p njhfg;igr; Nru;e;j A vdk; %yfj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lj. mj njhlu;ghf fpno jug;gl;ls;s jhf;fj; njhlu;fisf; fujf. A kpif FNshupd; tha jhiuapy; ntg;gnkw;wy; B,d; epu;f; fiury; C D flikahf ntg;gnkw;wy; B jpz;kk; epu; mnkhdpah fiury; Nru;j;jy; epu; Nrhbak; Ijnuhf;irl;L fiury; Nru;j;jy; D ^ntz;zpwj; jpz;kk;& C ^ntz;zpw Cd;gir Nghd;w tpo;gbt& E ^epwkw;w fiury;& ) E Ijhd IjNuhf;FNshupf; mkpyf; fiuriyj; Jsp Jspahfr; Nru;j;jy; C (tpo;gbt) kpif mkpyk; A + Nrhbak; Ijnuhl;irl;L fiury; B apd; epu;f; fiury; E + F ^epwkw;w tha& [ gf;. 11 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 11 - (i) cupa,urhadr; #j;jpuq;fs; je;j A, B, C, D, E, F Mfpatw;iw,dq;fhz;f. (ii) D apw;fk; Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;Lf; fiuryf;fk;,ilapyhd jhf;fj;jpw;fhd rkd;glj;jpa rkd;ghl;l vjf. (iii) B apd; epu;f; fiury; epyg;ghrpr; rhaj;jhis rptg;g epwkhf;fk;. cupa,urhadr; rkd;ghl;ilg; gad;glj;jp,e;j mtjhdpg;ig tpsf;ff. (iv) Mtp epiyapy; B apd; rhu; %yu;j;jpzpt vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glk; ngwkdhj;jpd;,u klq;fhfk;.,jw;fhd fhuzk; ahj? ^4.0 Gs;spfs;& (b) gpd;tuk; jhf;fj; njhlu;fisf; fujf. R, E L 2 C T 2 fyq;fy; tsp gfjpglf; fha;r;rp + R, tbj;jy; Q U 2 T + V + NtW thaf;fs; R,dJ ry;ngw;w epupy; rpwpjst fiuak;. (i) cupa #j;jpuj;ij my;yj,urhadg; ngaiuf; Fwpg;gpl;L E, Q, R, L, T, U, V Mfpatw;iw,dq;fhz;f. (ii) gpd;tuk; NrhbfSf;fpilapyhd jhf;fj;jf;fupa rkd;glj;jpa rkd;ghlfis vjf. (I) Q ck; R ck; (II) U ck; epuk; (iii) Ma;T$lg; gad;ghl jtpu;e;j L,d; xu gaidak; V apd;,uz;l gad;fisak; Fwpg;gpLf. ^4.0 Gs;spfs;& (c) Xu; cnyhfj;jhjtpy; tu;j;jf Kf;fpaj;JtKs;s,urhadf; $Wfshf nfhg;gu; ^ & ry;igl;lk; mad; ^ & ry;igl;lk; mlq;fpas;sd. cnyhfj; jhjtpy; cs;s nrk;g,uk;g fe;jfkhfpa %yfq;fsp;d epiwg;gb rjtpjj;jpid ntt;ntwhfj; Jzptjw;fhf gpd;tuk; nra;kiw elhj;jg;gl;lj. nra;kiw xq;f cnyhfj;jhjtpd; 1.000 g khjpupahdj mjpy; mlq;fpas;s ry;igl;l mad;fs; ry;ngw;w mad;fshftk; ngur mad;fs; (Fe 2+ )" ngupf;f mad;fshftk; (Fe 3+ )" xl;rpnaw;wk; milak; tiu nrwpe;j iej;jpupf; mkpyj;jld; ntg;gnkw;wg;gl;lj. fpilj;j fiuriy tbj;j ghiwf; foptfis epf;fp tbjputj;jpid fha;r;rp tbj;j epupdhy; Ijhf;fp> nkhj;jf; fdtst 250 cm 3 nfhz;l S vd;dk; fiury; jahupf;f;ggl;lj. S fiurypd; 25.00 cm 3 fiuriy mse;njlj;j Ijhd iej;jpupf;fkpyj;jpdhy; mkpyg;glj;jp Ngupak; FNshiul;L fiurypd; kpiff; fdtst Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ. Njhd;wpa tpo;gbt (X) tbj;j cyu;j;jp epwf;fg;gl;lj. X,d; jpzpt 0.1864 g Mf,Ue;jJ. S fiurypy; NtnwhU 25.00 cm 3,id mse;j ry;g+upf;fkpyj;jpdhy; mkpyg;glj;jp 5% nghw;whrpak; maill;l fiury; kpifahf Nru;f;fg;gl;lJ.,q;F ntspnawpa mabdhdj khg;nghuisf; fhl;bahfg; gad;glj;jp> mstpapy; itf;fg;gl;l 0.0400 mol dm 3 Nrhbak; jnahry;ngw;wf; fiuryld; epakpg;gr; nra;ag;gl;lj. KbTg; Gs;spapy; mstpapd; thrpg;g 20.00 cm 3 Mf,Ue;jJ. epakpg;gpd; Kbtpy; epakpg;gf; FLitapd; mbapy; gbe;j ntz;zpw tpo;gbt (Y) I tbj;j cyu; jpzpt msf;fg;gl;lj. Y apd; jpzt 0.0381 g Mf,Ue;jJ. (i) X, Y Mfpatw;iw,dq;fhz;f. (ii) Nkw;Fwpj;j nrad;kiwapy;,lk;ngw;w vy;yhj; jhf;fq;fsf;fk; rkg;glj;jpa mad; rkd;ghlfs; vjf. (iii) cnyhfj;jhjtpy; nrk;g>,uk;g> ry;gu; Mfpa %yfq;fspd; epiwg;gb rjtpjj;ijf; fzpf;ff. (rhu; mzj;jpzptfs; Cu 63.5, Fe 56, S 32, 16, Ba 137, I 127& ^7.0 Gs;spfs;& [ gf;. 12 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 12-9. (a) fly; epu; cl;gl,aw;if%yg;nghus;fisg; gad;glj;jp rpy cw;gj;jpfisr; nra;aj;jf;f tpjk; fpno gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg; glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sj. ruptfq;fspdhy; ^ & njhlf;f %yg;nghus;fsk; nrt;tfq;fspdhy; ^ &,ilepiy nghul;fsk; Kf;Nfhzpfspdhy; ^ &,Wjp tpistfsk; fhl;lg;gl;ls;sd. fly; epu; 2 ngw;nwhypak; M N nrad;kiw 2 nrad;kiw 3 B D G kpd; gfg;g B 2 C E I nrad;kiw 1 A ntspw;wk; J}s; J}gp/ NfhGuk; 1 J J}gp/ NfhGuk; 2 K Na 2 C 3 (i) Nkw;jug;gl;l gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg; glj;jpy; Mq;fpy vj;jf;fshy; A apypue;j N tiu fhl;lg;gl;ls;s gjhu;j;jq;fisg; ngauplf. xt;nthu Mq;fpy vj;jf;fk; vjpnu gjhu;j;jj;jpd; ngaiu my;yj,urhadr; #j;jpuj;ij vjf. (ii) Nkw;gb gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg; glj;jf;fupa 1, 2, 3 Mfpa nrad;kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) J}gp 1, J}gp 2 Mfpatw;wpy; epfk; nrad;kiwfsf;fupa rkd;ghlfis vjf. (iv) Nkw;gb Kiwapd; %yk; Nrhbak; fhgndw;w cw;gj;jpr; nrad;kiw njhlu;ghd xl;l nkhj;j jhf;fj;jf;fupa rkd;glj;jpa rkd;ghl;bid vjf. (v) Nkw;gb cw;gj;jp nrad;kiwapd; NghJ J}gp 1, J}gp 2 Mfpatw;iwf; Fspu;j;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd fhuzk; ahj? (vi) ntspw;we;j}s; cw;gj;jp nra;ak; jhf;fj;jf;fupa rkd;glj;jpa rkd;ghl;il vjf. ^7.5 Gs;spfs;& (b) tspkz;lyj;jpy; fdtstg; gb 78% iejurd; mlq;fpas;sj. mj nguk;ghyk; tpkpa tha Nghd;w,ay;Gfisf; fhl;lk;. vdpdk; iejurdpd; rpy Nru;itfs; #oypd; kpj ghjfkhd tpistfis Vw;gLj;JtijAk; gutyhff; fhz KbfpwJ. (i) iejurd; tha XU tpkpa tha Nghd;w elj;ijia fhl;ltjw;fhd fhuzj;ij tpsf;ff. (ii) #oy; khriljypy; gq;fspg;gr; nra;aj;jf;f iejurdpd; thaepiyr; Nru;itfs;,uz;ilf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iii) NkNy gfjp (ii),y; epq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l $Wfs; Rw;whlypy; tpltpf;fg;glk; %d;w nray;kiwfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (iv) NkNy gfjp (ii),y; epq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l Nru;itfs; %yk; #oypy; Vw;glj;jf;f ghjfkhd tpistfs; ehd;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf. (v) NkNy (iv),y; epq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l tpistfss;,uz;bd; kpj tspkz;ly iejurd; gq;fspg;gr; nra;ak; tpjj;ij jhf;fq;fis vlj;jf;fhl;ltjd}lhf tpsf;ff. (vi) NkNy (ii),y; epq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l khrhf;fpfs; #oypy; Nru;tijf; fl;lg;glj;jf; $ba,uz;l topfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ^7.5 Gs;spfs;& [ gf;. 13 Ig; ghu;f;f

- 13-10. (a) (i) fyky; kpd;thapy; epfk; rkdpiyj; jhf;fj;ij vjpf; fhl;lf. (ii) epak FNshupd; kpd;tha; xd;iwak; fyky; kpd;tha; xd;iwak; vlj;j Mf;fg;gl;l fyj;jpid IUPAC FwpaPl;by; fhl;lf. (iii) fyj;jpd; epak kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaf; fzpf;ff. FNshupd; kpd;thapdjk; fyky; kpd;thapdjk; epak kpd;tha; mj;jq;fs; KiwNa +1.36 V ck; +0.24 V ck; MFk;. ^3.0 Gs;spfs;& (b) (i) kfdprpak; kpd;tha;fisg; gad;glj;jp epu; Nrhbak; ry;ngw;wf; fiurnyhd;w kpd; gff;fg;glfpd;wj. mq;f epfk; mndhl;lj; jhf;fk;> fnjhl;lj; jhf;fk;> nkhj;jj; jhf;fk; vd;gtw;iw vjf. (ii) epu; Nrhbak; ry;ngw;wf; fiurnyhd;wpd; 250 cm 3 MdJ kfdprpak; kpd;tha;fisg; gad;glj;jp 50 ma kpd;ndhl;lj;jpd; fpo; kpd;gfg;gr; nra;ag;glfpd;wj. fiurypy; kl;lkl;lhf fyq;fy; jd;ik Njhd;Wtjw;Fr; nrythfk; Neuj;ijf; fzpf;f. (1 F 96500 C, Mg() 2,dJ fiujpwd; nguf;fk; 4.0 10 12 mol 3 dm 9 ) (iii) NkYs;s fzpj;jy;fspd;nghj epq;fs; fuj;jpw; nfhz;l Xu; vlnfhisf; Fwpg;gpLf. ^5.0 Gs;spfs;& (c) epu; Mn 2+ mad;fis <atpnuhl;irl;l (Pb 2 ) Kd;dpiyapy; nrwpe;j iej;jpupf; mkpyj;jld; ntg;gnkw;wtjhy; Mn 4 Mf xl;rpnaw;w KbAk;.,q;F <atpnuhl;irl;l Pb 2+ Mf jho;j;jg;glk;.,j;jhf;fj;jpidg; gad;glj;jp xu fyg;gnyhfj;jpy; cs;s kq;fdpr ^Mn) jpzpt rjtpj;ijj; Jzptjw;fhf jpl;lkplg;gl;l xu gupnrhjid fpno jug;gl;ls;sj. rpy Nrhjidf; Foha;fspDs; fpno ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;ls;sthw mkpyg; nghw;whrpa Ngu;gukq;fNdw;W fiuryk; epuk; Nru;f;fg;gl;L mf;foha;fs;,yf;f xq;f Kiwg;gb itf;fg;gl;ls;sd. Foha; 0.05 mol dm 3 mkpy KMn 4 epu;f; fdtst$cm 3,yf;fk; fiury; fdtst$cm 3 1 2 3 4 5 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 fyg;gnyhfj;jpd; 3.0 g MdJ <atpnuhl;irl;lldk; nrwpe;j kpifahd iej;jpupf; mkpyj;jldk; jhf;fk; Kw;Wg;ngWk; tiu ntg;gnkw;wg;gl;lj. fiury; Fspu;r;rpaile;j gpd;du; fha;r;rp tbj;j epupdhy; Ijhf;fp nkhj;jf; fdtst 250 cm 3 cs;s epu;f;fiury; (X) jahupf;fg;gl;lj. X fiurypd; 5.0 cm 3 ck; epupd; 5.0 cm 3 ck; Nru;f;fg;gl;l NghJ fpilj;j fiurypd; epwr; nrwpthdj Nkw;gb 4 Mk;,yf;ff; Fohapd; epwr;nrwptf;f mr;nrhl;lhf rkkhdj vd;gj fz;lwpag;gl;lj. (i) mkpy Clfj;jpy; Mn 2+,w;Fk; Pb 2,w;Fk;,ilapy; epfk; jhf;fj;jf;fupa rkd;glj;jpa mad; rkd;ghl;il vjf. (ii) Nkw;gb gupnrhjidf;fhf Nrhjidf; Foha;fis njupe;njlf;fk; NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; ahit? (iii) fyg;gnyhfj;jpy; mlq;fpas;s kq;fdprpd; jpzptr; rjtpjj;ijf; fzpf;ff. (rhu; mzj; jpzpt ( Mn 55& (iv) Nkw;gb fzpj;jy;fspd;nghj epq;fs; gad;glj;jpa,uz;l vlnfhs;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (v) 'nghw;whrpak; Ngu;kq;fNdw;W vd;gj Kjd;ikahd xu epakg;gjhu;j;jk; my;y" tpsf;ff. (vi) Nkw;gb gupnrhjidf;fj; Njitahd nghw;whrpak; Ngu;kq;fNdw;Wf; fiurypd; jpuj;jkhd nrwpitj; Jzptjw;fhfg; gad;glj;jf; $ba gupnrhjid xd;wpd; mj;jpatrpakhd gbkiwfis Fwpg;gpLf. (vii) elepiyahd nghw;whrpak; Ngu;kq;fNdw;W fiurnyhd;wf;fk; nrwpe;j nghw;whrpaikjnuhl;irl;lf; fiurnyhd;wf;fk;,ilapyhd jhf;fj;jpw;f rkd;glj;jpa rkd;ghl;il vjf. (viii) NkNy (vii),y; epq;fs; mtjhdpf;f vjpu;ghu;f;fk; epwkhw;wj;ijf;; Fwpg;gpLf. ^7.0 Gs;spfs;& * * *

G.C.E.(A.L.) Support Seminar - 2015 Chemistry I Answer Guide Question number Answer Question number Answer 1 3 26 3 2 5 27 3 3 3 28 4 4 2 29 2 5 1 30 4 6 3 31 1 7 1 32 1 8 2 33 5 9 4 34 2 10 5 35 5 11 3 36 4 12 2 37 5 13 5 38 3 14 5 39 5 15 3 40 4 16 1 41 5 17 3 42 4 18 2 43 1 19 5 44 4 20 4 45 2 21 1 46 4 22 3 47 4 23 2 48 1 24 5 49 2 25 3 50 1 2 50 100 marks [ see page two

- 2 - G.C.E.(A.L.) Support Seminar - 2015 Chemistry II Answer Guide PART A - STRUCTURED ESSAY 1. (a) (i) N 2 < N 2 4 < N 2 (ii) 2 < 3 < 2 2 (iii) SF 6 < SF 4 < SF 2 (iv) Na < Zn < V (v) Al() 3 < Mg() 2 < Ba() 2 (b) (i) (ii) ^no marks for this structure) (iii) 2 - tetrahedral N 3 - trigonal planer (iv) N 4 - sp 2 5 - sp 3 / 2p (v) 115 < y < 120 x y N y N 100 < x < 110 + ^06 5 30 marks) ^05 marks) + ^04 3 12 marks) ^03 2 06 marks) ^03 2 06 marks) ^06 marks) (c) (i) Lyman ^05 marks) (ii) 36 and 327 kj mol 1 ^03 + 03 marks) (iii) 36 327) kj mol 1 ^03 + 01 marks) 291 kj mol 1 ^03 + 01 marks) (iv) Energy of a photon, E 291 kj mol 1 6.022 10 23 mol 48.32 10 1 23 kj ^03 + 01 marks) E h 48.32 10 23 10 3 J 6.626 10 34 J s 7.29 10 14 s 1 ^03 + 01 marks) (v) kj mol 1 ^03 + 01 marks) 1311 kj mol 1 ^03 + 01 marks) [ see page three

- 3-2. (a) (i) (I) N 3 (II) N 3, 2 S, I (III) 2 S and I ^03 6 18 marks) (ii) (I) Na + 2 S Na 2 S + 2 or 2Na + 2N 3 2NaN 2 + 2 or 2Na + 2I 2NaI + 2 or (excess) 2 2 S + 2Na 2NaS + 2 (II) 2 S + Cl 2 2Cl + S or 3Cl 2 + 2N 3 N 2 + 6Cl or 3Cl 2 + 8N 3 2N 2 + 6N 4 Cl or 3Cl 2 + N 3 NCl 3 + 3Cl or Cl 2 + 2 S 2Cl + S or Cl 2 + 2I I 2 + 2Cl (III) S 2 + 2 2 S 3S + 2 2 ^05 3 15 marks) (iii) (N 4 )I covalent bonds ionic bonds dative bonds / dative covalent bonds / coordinate covalent bonds (iv) (I) N 3 (II) N 3, 2 S, I ^05 marks) ^02 3 06 marks) ^03 4 12 marks) (v) (N 4 ) 2 S / N 4 S ammonium sulphide / ammonium hydrogensulphide / ammonium bisulphide ^03 2 06 marks) (b) (i) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 ^04 2 08 marks) (ii) delocalised sea of electrons is low. Thus the strength of metallic bond is relatively low, and melting point of Zn is lower than that of other elements in 3d series. ^02 3 06 marks) (iii) (I) Black precipitate is obtained. (II) Dark blue solution is formed. (iv) (I) hexaaquazinc(ii) ion (II) octahedral ^02 + 2 04 marks) ^02 + 2 04 marks) ^04 marks) ^02 marks) (v) 7 Zn + 16 N 3 7 Zn(N 3 ) 2 + N 2 4 + 6 2 ^10 marks) [ see page four

- 4-3. (a) (i) 2 A(aq) + (aq) + A (aq) or 2 A(aq) + 2 (l) A (aq) + 3 + (aq) ^05 marks) K a [ 3 + (aq)][a (aq)] [ 2 A(aq)] or K a1 [ + (aq)][a (aq)] [ 2 A(aq)] ^05 marks) (ii) point B ^05 marks) (iii) [ 2 A(aq)] [A (aq)] K a1 [ + (aq)] p pk a1 K a1 (iv) point C K a1 1 10 3 mol dm 3 ^10 marks) A (aq) + 2 (l) 3 + (aq) + A 2 (aq) initial concentration(mol dm 3 ) equiliblium concentration(mol dm 3 ) x x x K a2 5.0 10 8 mol dm 3 since x <<< 0.05 ; x) 0.05 [ 3 + (aq)] 2 25 10 10 mol 2 dm 6 [ 3 + (aq)] 5 10 5 mol dm 3 p 10 [ 3 + (aq)] 10 (5 10 5 ) (v) point E (vi) point B or point D at point B [ 3 + (aq)][a 2 (aq)] [A (aq)] [ 3 + (aq)] 2 x) mol dm 3 ^05 marks) 4.301 ^20 marks) Solution contains 2 A and A with the same concentration. * When a small amount of + is added A (aq) + + (aq) 2 A(aq) * When a small amount of is added 2 A(aq) + (aq) A (aq) + 2 (l) at point D This can be explained by using A instead of 2 A and A 2 instead of A. ^05 marks) ^05 marks) ^10 marks)

(b) - 5 - (i) The maximum temperature at which a gas can be converted to a liquid by compression. ^06 marks) (ii) e < C 2 < N 3 ^05 marks) 4. (a) (i) (b) (iii) Z e ideal gas 1.0 N 3 (02 6 12 marks) P (iv) When the intermolecular attractive forces of a real gas are strong, Z value decreases, so the critical temperature increases. ^07 marks) (ii) (iii) (iv) A C D C C B 3 C C C (v) geometrical isomerism $ cis - trans isomerism (vi) pent - 2 - ene or 2 - pentene (i) Q C R MgBr C (05 2 10 marks) (05 2 10 marks) (05 marks) (05 marks) (03 marks) (03 marks) S T C C Br (05 4 20 marks) (ii) a - g 2+ / gs 4 and dil. 2 S 4 [ see page six

MgBr b - / - 6 - dry ether c - Cl(aq) / 3 + (aq) or + / 2 (03 4 12 marks) d - / Na (iii) Reaction Type of reaction Active species (iv) 1 2 3 4 5 A E A N S N S N + C Br C + Br C + C (v) C (vi) as a base ** + Br (01 10 10 marks) (03 5 15 marks) (05 marks) (02 marks)

- 7 - PART B - ESSAY 5. (a) (i) A solution which obeys Raoult's law for any composition or If the intermolecular forces of a binary solution prepared by completely mixing liquids A and B are equal, i.e. (06 marks) f (A B) f (A A) f (B B), such a solution is an ideal solution. (ii) A(l) A(g) B(l) B(g) (03 2 06 marks) (iii) Considering A, when rate of forward reaction is r 1 and rate of backward reaction is r 2. r 1 K 1 [A(l)] r 2 K 2 [A(g)] at dynamic equiliblium, r 1 r 1 K 1 [A(l)] K 2 [A(g)] [A(l)] X A and [A(g)] P A K 1 X A K 2 P A P A K 1 K 2. X A P A K. X A (12 marks) (iv) when x 1, P A P A P A K P A P A. x A (b) (i) number of moles of A" A (ii) number of moles of B" B A(g) A(l) B(g) B(l) (06 marks) 0.8314 dm 3 10 mol (04 marks) 8.314 10 2 dm 3 1 mol 0.8314 dm 3 20 mol (04 marks) 4.157 10 2 dm 3 1 mol X A(g) 0.2 assuming the ideal behaviour of the vapour, P A X A(g). P T 0.2 (3 10 5 Pa) P A 6 10 4 Pa (05 marks) X A (g) + X B(g) 1.0 P P P B T A X B(g) 3.00 105 4 Pa P B 0.8 (3 10 5 Pa) 2.4 10 5 Pa P B 2.4 10 5 Pa (05 marks) [ see page eight

- 8 - (iii) PV for gas A A 6 10 4 Pa 100 0.8314 10 3 m 3 8.314 J mol 1 k 1 300 K (02 marks) A 2 mol (05 marks) for gas B B 2.4 10 5 Pa 100 0.8314 10 3 m 3 8.314 J mol 1 k 1 300 K B 8 mol (05 marks) (iv) at equilibrium; A in liquid phase mol 8 mol B in liquid phase mol 12 mol (02 marks) from Raoult's law, P A P A. X A (02 marks) 6 10 4 Pa P A 8 20 P A 6 10 4 20 Pa 8 1.5 10 5 Pa P A 1.5 10 5 Pa (05 marks) P B P B X B 2.4 10 5 Pa 20 12 P B 4 10 5 Pa (05 marks) (v) (I) A(g) 2C(g) initial amounts (mol) at equilibrium (mol) x 2x (02 marks) PV 1.4 10 6 Pa 100.8 0.8314 10 3 m 3 8.314 J k 1 mol 1 403.2 K (03 marks) 35 mol A + C + B 35 mol 10 x + 2x + 20 35 x 5 mol (04 marks) P A P T. X A 1.4 10 6 Pa 35 5 2 10 5 Pa (03 marks) P C 1.4 10 6 Pa 10 35 4 10 5 Pa (03 marks) P B 1.4 10 6 Pa 20 35 8 10 5 Pa (03 marks)

- 9 - (II) K P P 2 C (g) P A (05 marks) (c) X (4 10 5 Pa) 2 2 10 5 Pa 8 10 5 Pa (03 marks) ether (50 cm 3 ) 2 (200 cm 3 ) (i) X( 2 ) X (ether) (04 marks) [X] ether K D (05 marks) [X] 2 (ii) for 1 st extraction; Let's assume that the number of moles of X remaing in 2 is 1 and number of moles of X extracted to ether is 2 ; 16 16 2 2 50 1 200 2 1 4 1000 mol dm 1000 mol dm 1 4 1 (20 marks) Amount of X remaining in water after 1 st extraction (as a fraction to the initial amount) 1 1 + 2 1 4 + 1 1 5 (iii) Amount of X remaing in water after 3 rd extraction (as a fraction) 1 5 1 5 1 5 Amount of X extracted into the ether as a percentage 124 125 100% 99.2% (iv) (I) Ether and water are completely immiscible. (II) X, exists in the same molecular form in both ether and water. (III) Temperture remains constant. (any two) 6. (a) (i) (I) C 4 (g) + C 2 (g) 2 C(g) + 2 2 (g) ; x kj mol 1 (1) C(s) + 2 (g) C(g) + 2 (g) ; 125 kj mol 1 (2) C(s) + 2 (g) C 2 (g) ; 394 kj mol 1 (3) C 4 (g) + 2 2 (g) C 2 (g) + 2 2 (l) ; 800 kj mol 1 (4) 1 125 (15 marks) (03 2 06 marks) (03 4 12 marks)

- 10 - (2) 2 2C(s) + 2 2 (g) ( 125) kj mol 1 2C(g) + 2 2 (g) 250 kj mol 1 2C(g) + 2 2 (g) 2C(s) + 2 2 (l) (5) + 250 kj mol 1 (02 3 06 marks) (1) + (5) C 4 (g) + C 2 (g) 2 2 (g) + C 4 (g) + C 2 (g) 800 kj mol 1 from ess's law ; (250 + x) kj mol 1 2 C(s) + 2 2 (g) (250 + x) kj mol 1 2 C(s) + 2 2 (g) + 2 2 (g) 2C 2 (g) + 2 2 (l) 394) kj mol 1 (02 3 06 marks) 250 kj mol 1 + x + 2( 394) kj mol 1 800 kj mol 1 (02 + 01 03 marks) x ( 800 + 788 250) kj mol 1 x 262 kj mol 1 (b) (i) Initial number of moles of X 2.0 50 mol 1000 (ii) Number of moles of X reacted 2.0 1000 50 20 100 mol (02 + 01 03 marks) Rate of consumption of X 2 50 20 1000 100 1000 200 1 4 mol dm 3 s 1 (12 marks) 0.025 mol dm 3 s 1 Rate of consumption of Y 2(0.025) mol dm 3 s 1 0.05 mol dm 3 s 1 (04 marks) (iii) r K [X] x [Y] y [Z] z (05 marks) (iv) x 1, y 1, z 0 (09 marks) (v) r K [X] [Y] (05 marks) (vi) Z is required. The reaction is zeroth order with respect ot Z. Therefore Z is required for the reaction but it does not affect the rate of reaction. (Rate of reaction does not depend on Z) (vii) X + Y XY (viii) molecularity is 2 (06 marks) (04 marks) (03 marks) (ix) XY (06 marks)

- 11 - (x) Energy (c) (i) burette (ii) X + Y + Z E a1 XY + Y + Z E a2 products } * Stopcock of the burette should be colsed tightly. reaction co - ordinate (02 8 16 marks) (03 marks) * Burette should be before starting the reaction. (03 2 06 marks) (iii) (I) Assuming the ideal behaviour of 2 gas and applying PV for its average volume (02 marks) (iv) (v) 2 1.0 10 5 Pa 33 10 6 m 3 8.314 J mol 1 K 1 300 K 0.0013 mol (05 marks) (II) Mg(s) + 2Cl(aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + 2 (g) (04 marks) (III) m M Mg 2 0.0013 mol (04 marks) 0.0013 mol (for average mass) 34 10 3 g M M Mg 26.15 g mol 1 (Deduct 05 marks if average values are not taken) A r (Mg) 26.15 (12 marks) There is a small change. Leak in burette. Impurities in magnesium ribbon. Errors when making measurements. Errors can arise when measuring the volume of 2 when the reaction proceedes faster. (02 2 04 marks) (vi) (04 marks) Do not agree When 100.0 mg of Mg is used, percentage error in the mass of Mg can be reduced. But other erros remain unchanged. (06 marks)

- 12-7. (a) (i) + 3 + + 2 + 2 alkyl oxonium ion N 2 + 3 + N + 3 + 2 alkyl ammonium ion (10 marks) (ii) Since '' atom is more electronegative than 'N' atom, ability to donate the lone pair of electrons on 'N' is higher than that of ''. Therefore, alkyl ammonium ion is more stable relative to amine compared to alkyl oxonium ion relative to alcohol. (10 marks) Since the alkyl group in N 2 repels electrons towards 'N' atom (Inductive effect), electron density of 'N' becomes higher. Then ability to donate electrons will increase. N 2 But lone pair on 'N' in gets delocalized with the benzene ring through resonance, so electron density on 'N' becomes lower. + + + N 2 N 2 N 2 N 2 N 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) According to the above structures, and (+) charge on 'N', ability to donate electrons by 'N' becomes low. (20 marks) (b) (i) (I) C N Br 2 FeBr 3 (II) Br Mg / dry ether MgBr 1) C 2) 3 + Br C Br / 2 2 C2 Br aqueous K + /KMn 4 Cl PCl 5 conc. N 3 PCC Br C C3 Mg / dry ether N 2 C PCl C 5 3 C C3 C Cl excess MgBr C C3 (04 12 48 marks) 3 + 3 C C C C 3 3 C C 3 C (04 13 52 marks)

(ii) (I) with Na - a, b, c, d with aqueous Na - a, d - 13 - (10 marks) PART C - ESSAY 8. (a) (i) A Al B AlCl 3 C Al() 3 D Al 2 3 E NaAl 2 / Na[Al() 4 ] F 2 (03 6 18 marks) (ii) Al 2 3 + 2Na 2NaAl 2 + 2 or Al 2 3 + 2Na + 3 2 2Na[Al() 4 ] (05 marks) (iii) AlCl 3 is hydrolysed as follows. AlCl 3 + 3 2 Al() 3 + 3Cl or AlCl 3 + 3 2 Al() 3 + + + Cl Cl is a strong acid. It is completly ionized in solution and + / 3 + concentration is higher in the medium. (10 marks) (iv) AlCl 3 dimerizes as follows Cl Cl Al Cl Cl Al Cl Cl (07 marks) (b) (i) E 2 / oxygen Q N 2 / nitrogen R Ca / calcium L Ca / calcium oxide T Ca() 2 / calcium hydroxide U Ca 3 N 2 / calcium nitride V N 3 / ammonia (03 7 21 marks) (ii) (I) 3Ca + N 2 Ca 3 N 2 (II) Ca 3 N 2 + 6 2 3Ca() 2 + 2N 3 (05 2 10 marks) (iii) to produce slaked lime to produce calcium carbide to reduce acidity of soil to produce bleaching powder to neutralise acidic gases to construct buildings / to make mortar (any one) (03 marks)

- 14 - to produce fertilizers containing nitrogen to produce N 3 acid to produce nylon/polymers to neutralise acidic substances in petroleum industry to control p of water to neutralise S 2 produced by combustion of fuel in motor vechicles as a coolant to prevent coagulation of rubber to produce sodium carbonate (any two) (c) (i) X BaS 4 / barium sulphate (06 marks) Y CuI / Cu 2 I 2 / copper(i) iodide / cuprous iodide (03 2 06 marks) (ii) S 2 + 8N 3 + 8 + S 2 4 + 8N 2 + 4 2 Fe 2+ + N 3 + 2 + Fe 3+ + N 2 + 2 Ba 2+ 2 + S 4 BaS 4 2Cu 2+ + 2I 2Cu + + I 2 or 2Cu 2+ + 2I Cu 2+ 2 + I 2 or 2Cu 2+ + 4I 2CuI + I 2 or 2Cu 2+ + 4I Cu 2 I 2 + I 2 2Fe 3+ + 2I 2Fe 2+ + I 2 I 2 + 2S 2 3 2 2I +S 4 6 2 (iii) amount of moles of BaS 4 0.1864 g 233 g mol 1 0.0008 mol amount S in the sample 0.0008 250 25 mol 0.008 mol mass of S 0.008 mol 32 g mol 1 0.256 g mass percentage of S 0.256 g 1.000 g 100 amount of moles of CuI (02 6 12 marks) 25.6% (12 marks) 0.0381 g 190.5 g mol 1 0.0002 mol amount Cu in the sample 0.0002 250 25 mol 0.002 mol mass of Cu 0.002 mol 63.5 g mol 1 0.127 g mass percentage of Cu 0.127 g 1.000 g 100 12.7% (18 marks)