#$!% &!"" # %%/ /!0 ##1#1!2 /! 13#1#1!2 43 /!! 5 6+!+32!+3,/4/! 13#1#1!2 43 7.,/4/! 5 6%!32% 7. 8/ ###1#1!2!+3 ##19 $% &'" () * + (,-).

!!"! #$!% &!"" # '(#'))*+,-#. $ %%/ /!0 ##1#1!2 /! 13#1#1!2 43 /!! 5 6+!+32!+3,/4/! 13#1#1!2 43 7.,/4/! 5 6%!32% 7. 8/ ###1#1!2!+3 ##19 $% &'" () * + (,-)./

!!"! #$!% &!"" # '(#'))*+,-#. $ %%/ /!0 ##1#1!2 /! 13#1#1!2 43 /!! 5 6+!+32!+3,/4/! 13#1#1!2 43 7.,/4/! 5 6%!32% 7. 8/ ###1#1!2!+3 ##19 $% &'" () * + (,-)./

0" -123 3 4 3!5 46" 7 8-4" 3 - - " 4 " 33" +(3 9" " :";4" 3 <.= >?1@?!* AA/B - "" 3 ) "3! 4" 8-:" 01" 3 9 :"4( 1 23!" 3()- -( "C!.!/ - - 33-:"( D1E"".=%C1%FF1!81?C1?>?/7

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

: '4 "3 "% " : " 4" -:" " 4 G 3" - : ; "+H"3" 3 "" 3G-$+ 2 " " :" 3:""4" 3 ; 2" 4- :" +" :" 3G- < ' 2" "" " 4 3 4 3-33 "33 ", ( *! "#$%" :: & '#()*+( ::, -()./$+(0.- :' 1./23/2423.5%2-( :; :( 6 *(2)0*3*-/ %2(7./# := :=!!! := "#$% :* &' :> ()!)! :> *&++ :? 8 2#$3(# :? *!!!!$%! :? *',-.+ '' *" /! %!!, 0! '< *&++ '= 9 0#+$##0.- '* :,!! "#$%" ;; & '#()*+( ;;, -()./$+(0.- ;< 1 *(2)0*3 *-/ %2(7./# ;(

;( #$% ;= "!%!+% 0!! ;* + ;? 6 2#$3(# <) +!% 0%! $ <) %!% 0! <' "1! 0!$ <; 2 0&+$%!!%3 <= 8 0#+$##0.- <* ; 6!! "#$%" (; & '#()*+( (;, -()./$+(0.- (< 1 *(2)0*3*-/ %2(7./# (= 4%5. (= (* "#$% =)! 0!! =) 6 % =) *4 =: 7 =' 6 2#$3(# =;!!! =; 4%% $%!& == " 0!%!! => 4!%!!! *) 7D7I7> *) 7D7I7?J *' 8 0#+$##0.- *< 899: 99! "#$%" *? & '#()*+( *?, -()./$+(0.- *?

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

; 9: :'( - :" + + " " 2 2" "" :'( '2" "" "" 3 3" 33,7J 2 +"J3 3 :'= ' 2" "" ( + "3 4+ :" "2" 3 $33 :'* :'> ; ; :'? 4- " 2 "" :;) 4- "2" 4 + 3" " 3"J3 :""" "J+ " :;: * "" 3 3 :""" ;4- " 3" :" 2 " 3- :;' :;( :(:

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

' 2" +"J 8/(/21####G #1G:)) 5/2 13####G #1G :'( 522.713####G.3311 -:'(5/ # 5)/:../1# CG@J1#5 5.1C3./ <; 8/=/% + 555 1. 5@J1 #5 ##353C3# +./ 1+3 3. 1# 3 / << 8 /*/% + 5####G 5# # 5 5# A@J1D 5 7 7. - 55./ # 35#55# 1(F + 5 1 0 G4M 1 4.# 5.#. C. 5 5 +/. C 5. 5 5 + A7.-:))2::*2:'( :;( 5D/ 1. + 5 + 3. 1# 3 / <( 8/>/ 1 C1-5####G 1 55 1. 5 3 C 5.A"N" O 2P F λ QDARNR O 2P 3 λ Q2 #+-D5@J1#5/ C 5. 3 1 747.1 AO N )/<:D/ 1 G 1 1 λ λ M = λ { } + AL DC1N(/;?=P λ F 3 QN)/=;(P L Q/ <=!/:/1# # 517. 5.5..K / (?!/'/.5C 5# 5.351< 5C / =: 8/:/ +.. 5.######. C1. 1 3C3# / 1 +3 3. 5 1?(F #5# + 5 + /. / % 5. L A7 #.S1D/ =; 8 /'/.. 5 + 5 5 5. 1 131 C# '))</ 1+3 3. 51 /1 1 ++3AN*)(?'H()<>D =< 8 /;/ +# 5 1 C 5 5####. - +5 5.131C#'))(1 / =(! /;/ 2 35## 5 1 5. 5##. ####. / == 8/</ +.51C 5# C1 72 515 5C.5 5.131#'))(/ 1+3 3. 1?(F#5# + 5 + / # 1. 15#1 5C /% 5. LA7 #. ' S#. ' D/ =* 8 /(/ +.####G 5# C1. 5# 5 3C3# / 1 +3 3. 1# 3?(F #5#+ 5 + /1. /% 5. L A7 #. ' D/ =? λ

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κ2β:2β'2β; αc.#.35#-5#-#5 5.'))<7.B #55# TAC1#1# 1##31#55#κ5'))(277UNUITD2β:2β'2β; αc.#.35#-5#-#5 5.'))(7./ >?! /'/% + 5 1#55# AH D 5 3 # 3. #3 1-555#-,7J 5#51.5# 1####G 51 551####G 5##15#AN:;D/55# β:2β'2β; C. #.3 5#- 5#- # 5 5.'))< 7.B #55# β:2β'2β;c.#.35#-5#-#5 5.'))(7.BκαC.1C1 /?) 8 /</-55#-,7J 5#5.5# 1####G / 1 + -.. A)D 5# A:D 5 / 1 5 5#55#+-1 1 1?(F#5#+ /?: 8 /(/ 55##-.5 +#. 5# -. 5 5# # 3.#..# 3 2 #3 +####G 5# /!2!!2!!!!!!! 33#1#..#3/?'

' 2" +"J 8 /:/ #1.51.5+#15./7+ 2C # 5C 1 5#G 5. A 5. # 2 '))(D/ :)' 8 /'/ + 54C2.-.C A.D55. 3135 C3515/-1+35.5CC. / :)= 8 /;/1#+ 515+##7 +57 C155 1. 1+5."77M 11. L:2## ##G## / :)* 8 /</ 1## - + #1 C1 C2. 131 #. 5,J/ :)>! /:/ # 5. 5 1#..# 3 ##3 1 L.2 # 3 # / 1 5 5 1. # 3 1. 1 1 C## 5 #@J1 3.# 1 /1.## 3#1#..#3 1 5# @J1335.1 13#4+# 3CG;;'))<2C1#1 # 1.G3CG51 #1+ 51 #+/ :)?! /'/ 55 5 G 5 5# - C 5 1-5 1 + #1# # /. "7 # 1 5 #- ####G / 1 #. - 3+ 5.1#. 5,J1#1/ ::) 8 /(/C1#+ A-. D51#5. C3 /# 1.. 1.53C1C113 #L/ ::: 8 /=/+515 3## 5 15.@J15 +A -. D'))( A5##. D'))<A31#.D.C11.5#3 3 15 1A D555### $C3C 35 C3 A< < DBC131#'))<'))(A=12=12=6 =62 #+-D/1 C 7 #.515 3## 2C11 C 3 5#1 3 A0 72:??:D #55# / 1. C.K '))( '))< / ::' 8 /*/51+#5L- 7-1.55# 515# -. 51# /=$5-. 13P3QB))$33.B.*/$5B $ 5 1+##7 +57 C1155 1. P3 4: QB 2-#$# -P/S#. ' Q/1N- 51+ / ::(! /;/..- 5 1. 55# 5 1 5# 1 + / =$ 5 -. 13 P3QB ))$ 3 3.$ M 2 C 3B M /:2 C 5# 3 1 13B M /'2 C 5# 3 1 5 C3B.*/$ 5 $ 2 CB 2.B 2.# B $ 51+##7 +57 C1155 1. $:P4)/)):<**3 4: QB'P4)/)):><=3 4: QB;P4)/))'':(3 4: QB2-#$# -P/S#. ' Q/ ::*! /</ + 5L# AFD 5 + ##1# # A5 -. 132 3 3.2# D # 3 5 5 5 L- A#..# 32 C 72 5 1 -.#2 5 1 5 5 1. ####G -D 5 + AD 1311'))VS/ :')! /(/ 8 # # # 5 1 L#- C1 3 # 3 553 5 C1 3L-5/ :''

' 2" +"J!R/:/ AC#G D53C1. 5#1 / :(:!R/'/ AC#G D5. 1.# 1 / :(:!R /:/52+351+5.. /+4. #+/J1/ :('4:(;!R /'/4CA5D.-A31DC..AD5A.D5 1 C 3 A< =6D C A< =6D. 3 1 5 5 C3/.+ #1 3. 51?(F#5#+ /! G #1 35#55# #1C< =6< =6A 23W)/)(D/ :(<

! "" # $%&$'#$%&( ) " *% ) " *+ *, - '. % /* $ 0 1 2 34,$05( 678, 5) $" " "$3 " + *"! " 9) : 9 ; 5 # 3 < * '3;==>6(669 ) - ",5$ : * +! "! #$%%&! '! (" " "! %" " )! #!& &! $ " * #!!!! %""# + &#* "%! '#( '(",-& %" &!&!!" " ' ( %! %"#"$" + '!$"!!&!!# * &!'3?66@( % ) 9 *+ 9; 667 =A * 5A '1 B( :* "- -+CC8 8 6 > ' 667( "9,5$ " " " *'% < 9 D ( * + ; + # "9' =8(% ) *

! **)*" " ",5$ * " *+ '9* " ( ' 9 2 E " 9 ( "' + 9 ( ' ( F " 3 * " 9 *+ " " ' =8( "9! *+ " 3 9 * 3 " * " *+* '1=C(% ' ) 9 * 2%=@( '< 666( "9 : " 9! " ' ( ' ( " 9 " ' "( ' 21=(B" *) :* 9)! * "" E 3)" 'G", ==2 < =8( - * + ) : 'H? 66I( " " + ',67( ) J ** " F ' =8(! * - ) 9 ":! "#! % *&! "" " &! #$!!## '# "!"!!" "" " " (" " '!! %#"! "! "!!"!" (" " "!!#"! + %""&!!" ("!&!$"!!&!. =

*) :* 3 : * + )!" # "! *! ",5$ $GD 3/$5% 'DK2K=8( /01 2 03 4 ' '5/ '//5 $%&'% ( %5 *I ) + :* ) $ ; 99 "I6=78 'ED=I(%:* "9) )) ) " @= ' =( % %D D*F," 3F E6@A " :* 6A + = " ) " " : % " " 9 % * " :* % " > 3 ( L '3 66C2G=(( '3 66C( ;:*!$" M") L "9 " * ', =( % :* * '9 * ""1*?D*F 2 =( ) $ ; " ) :* " '< D 668( '$ 3 66@2 4+ =( " " * " N% D'7A% D :* F2 66( &'A(33,'=@A( 'I8CA2 =I(% 9 ) N " 'K < * 666( % " +: N:* " I

= F * " " " $ * * 9 * +": * )9 9 '&%"!!""! " + " %!! 67"!! 899: ;!$! 899<=!,!!$"!!&! > (!!#("# %"!! "##!"- +!!"!# %" " %?*. ( % %:* " "'( I E N *E :* *E '( * + 'H 67( 1 * " "* * ' ( *)" *+ '3* " ; 6C8(, * " 8A )*7A J*'3* O 6C7(% 9 9+ * 'K 67C2% 66( % 9 F *+ % 9 " 9 '1+66624E66I(% * 9 *E :* ) % *+ 9 "! CA9 * 'K. 668(%! 9 '& P 662 G 66C( ;9 1+'666( " >, *+ * '% =,9*,5$ + '*N >QQQ*>,5>*? A==C( % * :* & D*F < '&D<( " 9 '*N >QQQ>>*RRST=( @

6762 3 66@(% *+ 3 )! 9 "!9! " '.,"* 6762 G+/* 66(; 9 '#* 66C2,66=(; 9 '3 &Q 67( < * " + # " 9 " 'U*=2< 666( % 9 " ; ": " " " ) 'U* =(% : :* 9'" ( %" " 'U* =(?Q'1* 668( "' 667( 'P K 67=(1:* " '% =(< + "" " '< 66624"?=I ( (! #) % + " :* * ' (J " " ") % "! I@A'%*==( " " N ) ( ' ()*)( ' (3) ) ) 5= " :* *! N 9 EE '+ E( 6C 9 ; B ';. 672 1E?? 6C72 O* 6C(9 9 '( 9 + 9; B 67=';.677(%") 9 + 9 3 )( ) "9** 8

)* ) " 3 ) ) *) ) * ) *) " " M " * *) '" 92V =("* '5 5 6C@2 9 6C62 B* 1 66I( G+/* '676( " + ) * " " " " ) * '&+ O 6CC2 5 5 6C82 B* 1 66I2 V =( % "9 F )* % # ) 9 '6C6( ) * : 5 " : " *+"! %"%! > %""&! ("!& 6!!! "! '#"! # " =!" 6!&!! " = " "!!! ##&! '!"! %?*"3&! '!! '""(! '#"(.

@ / /0 / / ' / %! ** " *) N ( ( :* " ( ) * )"9 ) :* 9 2 ) " * ) " < " *+ *9 9 ) * ) ) "+ " * + ) 9* 9 ) 3 * 9% * $ * "$ )" :* 3 ) " ) " " 9 9 " " * 3 ) "W 9 " *" + " "3*! "+(, % * $$ * * " WH* $ * * " * 3* 9) * 'J "-(+. (/. 0 %*$$$ " 9 )*$%) " '*$$( C

" 3 * "1-(+ % * $4 ) * WH* " + $9F* * $ ) * *)' (3* " % * ) " ) )*2)"9 '%.=8(3) ) )*J* % ) " WH* *% ) " ' 9 )*(9) % * " " ' ( 9 ' *9 "( "'"*(% " ' " ( ) * 9 " ** 7

! " # # $ % &' "() *++, *++* "

-+

!./01..2)' 343 567,68,*++9 & : 5 "!' " "; ;# <# & ; # 8+*+= $ '6+= " ; *+=#&% & : %! "!"#! ) > % > : % 5? @ --

% @ %!? > )? %@? %??@ > ; ;#<# > > " #@ > > ; #@ % > % 8+ *+= >!? > > >? 6+= >@ > %; *+=#A%% > % % % > %? >?:% > > % > <%? > $ %!&'# (&% @ > ' > %>; *+++B *++-#:% > '%; *++-BC *++,# $? @ >% @ ;D? *++*#C %;<?--B E *++-#@ % > % % $ > % '> >%; BE *++-# ) % % ;E4 F-,9B!-7*B A?-9#? >%; B 2 < -,-#;$ B/4-,G# ; B. -79# ; (BF % @ -8# ) E ;*++*#? -9= >%!? > % > > ;A? -8B<H *+++#!? > % ;!-7,B I -7#!? % % ;A> -,GB! <>-8-B J --B A?-9#) -*

> %? > > % >? ;1 A?-*B1/ % -6B<H *+++#!?? ;2 < -,-B!-7,# K > %? ;$ B14 *++,#; BC -+# ; (#;F %@ -8# @ % %% > > ) % > > ;?#@ %? > >% % > %> *++* *++,; #> >? @ >4 : % % % > @% % > ) &'*+ '*,*+&-*% @ %A ;! - #; %;$)/<## ;! # ;! #? ;!? #5!; # =! ; # +! ; # +!? ; # ;-# <%(% % A ;D? *++*# >;: -+#@ % $)/< @ % ; # : %% ;!, - #5 ; # % ; #! ; # =! L ;*# % ; # >% ;M#!?> % @ >? %; >? * -,

% - # > % % ;% #> 5 % % % % >? % > = ;,# % >? = + % >! >;% & * # ;#'# % - #5 % = % ; # #'#; # ;G# >% >? ;%? * B>;6## I 4% > @ % %%;N@# > 4% > % > % > 4%% >;@ -8B) > *++*#I J ;*++,#>% % % > @ <% %>;1;# # 5 O #'#; # = ;9# ; # >λ; % - # % @>? %; >? # % ;,#;G# ;9# ) F %@ ;-8#<H ;*+++# 14 ;*++,#? C > ;C -+#: > %;(#? >? % @? ;%? M# 5 -G

% >? ; # %? ; # = ;- P# ;6# = - /%?? ; *? * # %? ;!? - # %? ; #!? ; # =! L? ;7# % ; # A% % ;! - #@ ;! #> > @ >? ;% ; # % %? ; ##! ; # =! L ;8# % ; # >% %??; * #)%;8-*Q-+ 6 * : -+#> > ;% # @ ; #> 5 ; # = ;# -+ > ; # ; # > ; % - # /;% * #> % 5 R % ; # = S ; # ;-+# >γ η %;/. -8# -9

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

+ ; #!; # = > % ;* * # T + > ;#+ ; - #> > % U+; * # > >;-8 - #T ;8,, - E - #+;E#, > /. ;-8#;, -.../.0/ 1 )..203 1 + 453672#* % >; -++=# * % $ % % %>>;#8$ # 5 #8$ = > C > ;W++9# >? ;#8$ U+#>>? % ) >? %%;( #> F;-79#5 9 +*9 *8 + δ = -+++ >9 ;# > %; - #@ %%?>- 7+@ % ( %> ;9 > #,89 - ;>9 > U*6Q-+ 9 * - *9X!B!-8G#@ () % ;*++-#@ %%!? > > >? > ;1 % 9++ -8-&-+ 9 #G+*++* -++*++,) > >? ;# ; # > > ;# -7

;#UαQ9 ;# β 3 () > % *++* *++,! @ %% > %@ 4> A,G;1 A:-# @ > % > % @ > %4 > ;1 A:-#@ >? % ;1 -*# % : ;-+#C *-$)/<) *++,; #! ; # > %,96G$)/<@,96G$)/< > > >? % ;!-7,#@ ;OP!? #> *++,% @ ; # > % ) *++,; # > A* " ##. > ;T1 A# % > ;E% &A*+++# 5 #%' : * ; # = - = : >F = - @T1 A -8

@ T1 A5 #%' ##%' = > @% % > / >> >> @ > > @ > $% && )%%> % @ *++, ;#> @ % ; # > > 5,9 6G $)/< > > 6G86$)/< > @ >Y*+= ) % % > @ >> %Y*+= > > 0 *+ $'! > > > ;/ :-#) 4 5> ;#> -89 ;Y,9 #> *++,; #> -G9 ;Y,+ # % ;# > *++*; #>>8+ ;Y*9 #/%%>> > D> >* *++,*++*;/ :-#@ > > @ ) :- > -

Fresh mass (g) 0 50 100 150 200 250 S1 I1 S2 I2 HC LC 40 60 80 100 Day after full bloom (DAFB) /:.&T:-1() 6 ;5 *++*B 5 *++*B5 *++,B5 *++,B5 *++,B5>*++,#@ ' 1 > > ;/ :*#)% 9+ - 1 > > >? %;,$)/<-+-$)/< 7889$)/< 7*7$)/< 786$)/<D!#1 > ;,*G,,-,* - %# ;-*+-9* *-G - %#1 >* >*++**++, ) > %A > >9+ -9+ - *+

1 >3 / % % ; 6+6G $)/<# % >6+ 8+$)/< %> > % >!% > > 1000 750 S1 RRMSE = 0.499 I1 RRMSE = 0.224 500 250 0 1000 750 S2 RRMSE = 0.134 I2 RRMSE = 0.170 g (cm/h) 500 250 0 1000 750 HC RRMSE = 0.129 LC RRMSE = 0.091 500 250 0 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Day after full bloom (DAFB) 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 /:.&T:*2 ;# *++*;# ;# ;# ;# >;#*++,I 9= @? TT1 A *-

$!() *& @ ) :-@? % > > ;TT1AU++-BU689 TT1AU++-*BU66%#@ ) :* @ ;! #> E ;*++-# >%+,8, - @ @:-3λ >> >%> 3! δ!? > <%% % ; #*-$)/<>;% #*-$)/<**G+ ;Y-+7#> @)<:-2 F $ 2 A & ; # A % *,-7G -++8 *! A 86* -9* - O 3 -+6* ++6* % - P D ++8+ ++-!? A? -+697-7-- - @ >>> > ;/ :*#/ *++, > 9=! % ' % > % ;TT1 AW+-7#> 4@ *++*> ;TT1 AU+** +9+%# @ > % > > %;/ :,# **

1000 I2 750 500 250 g (cm/h) 0 1000 750 S2 500 250 0 35 45 55 65 75 85 Day after full bloom (DAFB) /:.&T:,! > ; # ; # % ;# ;#*++, A% *,

$ + (, /> >; #? + G+6+= >; 7+ $)/<B/ :G#) % 8+=,9 $)/<,+= > *+= 7+ $)/< % >*+=,+=;/ :G#I%> > >; #?>>-+= 8+=9+= *+G+= > 100 80 S1 I1 60 40 Percentage of total simulated conductance 20 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 S2 HC I2 LC 60 40 20 0 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 Day after full bloom (DAFB) 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 /:.&T:G!; #?; # ; # ; # ;# ;# *++* ;# ;# ;# >;#*++, @ >>?>;/ :9#@? >*+= 69 $)/< >> >-9-79= *9= *G

/? Percentage of microcrack surface area to total fruit surface 0 5 10 15 20 25 S1 I1 S2 I2 HC LC 40 60 80 100 Day after full bloom (DAFB) /:.&T:9@? ;# ;#*++* ;# ;# ;# >;# *++, *9

$% && A > % ;Y-G=# ;! # %*-$)/<; # > > ;@:*#$ >? ;!? # λ> ) >? D λ? >? A > > > >;Y99=#A ;! # ;YGZ9=# % @)<:*Y*+= > 2 ; *++,# A> > T > ;,96G$)/<# ;6G86$)/<# 3 ;=# @ @!! [*+ [G8 [G, *+ G8 G, A! [*+ [-, [96 *+ -, 96 ; # [*+ [-, [96 *+ -, 96!? λ [*+ * 8- *+ [9- [87 P [*+ +* GG *+ [+* [9*!? [*+ [-* [-+- *+ -* -+-! > > % > ;#;/ :6#: % >% > > % > >) > @ > %?> >) > *6

250 200 a 1000 750 150 100 500 50 250 Fresh mass (g) 0 250 200 150 100 50 Mo 0 1000 750 500 250 g (cm/h) 0 250 200 Mmax 0 1000 750 150 100 500 50 250 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Day after full bloom (DAFB) /:.&T:6 Y*+= >; # ; #1 >;#;# ;)#$? ' > *++,;# [*+= *+=% 1 (#(&% 1 () >-++ 9+ - ;U*8 - #@ % ;*++-#;-7+Z989 - # ; (<% (!#;-GZ++ - **Z9G+ - %#%\ D ;-8*# >%(A;,6Z9G - #% E ;*++-# / >>%> > ;\ D -8*# >%;E *++-#: > > > > >@ > 0 *7

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

% %*++*5 >! *++* > >; # ;TT1AU+,9B ># $ > ;P#8=? %> --+ %@>,9>?> % ;A-8GB: *++-#: *+=*9 )> > ;D -6BT -87# > ) %? > % > >%? > @ > >)? % >? % > >%1 %? % :?% > ;<% C -77#@%% % > > % % >> 4?> 4 *

,+

!"#!$%&!' (!! )**+)**, -.! / &!!

)

0 1 230!41 5 6!1 7 8!" #!,9,:)**;$!" <!! = >?% $@! ABC$0DA!E<!!! & /$! 0 ' F!! /( G *H),H! +,H!!& / I*H$ < J! # $%&'$ K= > BC?% $@! ABC$0DA!E! &! B C! C @&!! B! &!B$!!&!! B! C L! C F C 0 B! C!!! B!!!!B L! B & 0 B *H),H! C C C!!&! +,H!!& C 0!B &! B I*H$! C BC!C!C! B!!

($%)*!'$+)( 0 B&!!&! B6 A!B ::)$ L!&! C C M&L! ::N AB ::9$ K!!& & & & & C @& )**)N1O!:9:$!!& &!!!"#!$ @P )***N M&L! :9:$L! B C C!&" 6 NO::)$ N ::9$ C! & % N O! D!)**,N AB ::,$ @N Q L)***N Q )***$ % -N M&L! :9:$ 0 B! C 2 C )**,$ A B K! C F! Q ::;$!!F!!FQ! ::;$A & BC! & C!C!! & C! F! D!O!)**IND! )**+N O!D!)**,$6!&!&! &! &! C C&& BD!O!)**IN6 )**,N O B @B ::,N R M! ::9$ 0!!! B& C!C Q!! C & C!C! &F % $ 6A!B::)NQ L)***$OR::,$!C!! B C! F C L!C! B 0! :;)N0! :;N1O!:9:$ B B & N@BB :99$ B F D! O!)**IN O! D!)**,$%C C!! B! C! &! & B!!B & $ A! S &! F B C!&! & K! & C! = > B B! &!B$ 7 &! B!! C C0 BC!!C7&! B C! S C! 7! F C )**+ )**, -.! +

C! C! B,&$-%+&.&(*"-$/)* F C )**+ )**, -.! $ 1 7 *,17*,$ B! C 1 7 I;;17I;;$ B C!MK #!KM# $! 7 +:TM+9T$L C! C & & / B! $ & $ 7 C &F (CF & $ K)**+)**,CF C )* ::9 B U9V$L! F C )**+ ),* ))6 )**+$C!!!01,$C 01,$C +) C! +** )* &! C * 7!!!&),H01,$;,H01,$! C K)**, ),,)96 )**,$C C ; * 7!!! 01$!C 01$***)* C &7!!!&+H01$),H01$! C! F C )**, )+),):6 )**,$)* )**) B U * V$ * L! C!,, 9LC C ::L C C 2$* C C 2 N C N7KK$L!C &C 9& & L!! C *)))92 $I,+*2 $K C &! 5 ( L A 6 & 7 N* W$!C $ B $L!2,*H!C!2 ::*9*H *9),6 CC *9 ),C *+*;6 O 2! &$ *I) 6 O 2! $ 6 & C *9),C *9)6 O 2 9I)+6O 2! &$7!!!&,*H! C,

22 20 Well irrigated Water deficit 18 Water amount per day per tree (L) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Days after full bloom 7K1<#KK! C & -.! C )**, L! C! C &!B C! 6&,**9<#&7 *, $7! F ** C C CBN!!! F,* ** C CB &!C!!! C!!B ' $!! $! C β $ = α ' $ C! α ***): ***,$β )+I )I$! F L!!! & I

7 C! CB!!F 7 C C!!! C!B!!$ (&C! B *H$! C M&L!::$L! B C B C!! &! B L! B C C! X,*N A 1 &$ C BC! 0OC A!A,*<F $C!!C/! & X $ C! O C &S K L R C * < & LF %!A0 A LY<A $! C!! $<!! C!! C $!!CB!! B!!! B & / F! F!$ K!! B! C L! C 7$L! S C!Z!B! $ & 7 KK)$! C. S SU)$.C! B. U. ) U!B. U& 7K1<#KK)A!!! S!B! & $AF! S &! 9 ) N $L!&S!.C BC S(C!( +$L!!SC. S/ $7 S C B! $!!. S/ $ A!!B S U)$C!& L!.) C F& ) S AF S ($ C!!!!!B! C S$!!!B! C S$ L!! ;

SC. )/ $O $C B!!!!!BSL! C. )/ $ L! BS($S) * $ B) *+( $CZ ) * ( $, ) * ( $ =, ) * ( $ ) $ K C!! SC & $Z ) * ( $, ) * ( $$ =, ) * ( $ ) * ( $ L! B!!BS B ) - $C CZ ) ) $, ) ) $ =, ) )( $ ( ) $ ( C! ) -!!BS(! S ) -+( $! #!& S!CC Z ) $ $ = ), *, )* ( ( A &!! B CC Z,. $ =, ) * $ Z * =. $ $, $$, ) * * K &! B!!! & B C &Z, * ( )(,. $$ = ). $$. $$ 9

C!! C!! BC L! C &S # ))$[[ B!Z\CCC# / $(C! L!& C F! & &!!!!!!FL!& B S C C C A[,H0!!& BCS! B!F C C &D BR,HL!&C C& &!!! C!!!&!!&C / O &S!!C! B /H$!!0$C C!!@F0F! @F 0F :I+$ C!! L!@F0F #- B$ C! C ]$!! ]C*+ C λ λ / = λ { } 0 $ C! / 0 M C C!!!! C K! =!! λ H!C!! B >? E$? EC! CL!! C) & I$0 C B! λ :

-!.$ #! F C! & B C!S C7KK$L!!C )**+7 KK C! F &!!! B C B& C )**,!C$ L!& B C!Z;H!! &!)H!!!B!!! R! BC 2 01, $! & B &!!!!!!&!!!!B Q! &C!C BC 2 01, $!& BC! SF! C!! BC!&!!! M &C B!!! L!! B & L! B S!2 C,!!!!2! L!! B S!&C &!!! 01,!! 01, );! 6! B!01, *&!!01, +*

Cuticular crack surface area per zone surface area (%) 25 20 15 10 5 0 ^ Well irrigated Cuticular crack surface area per zone surface area (%) 25 20 15 10 5 0 Low crop load - 2004 ^ ^ ^ ^ Zone Stylar end Peduncle Suture Cheek Zone Stylar end Peduncle Suture Cheek Cuticular crack surface area per zone surface area (%) Dafb 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 106 113 118 125 100 106 113 118 125 100 106 113 118 125 100 106 113 118 125 ^ Water deficit Cuticular crack surface area per zone surface area (%) Dafb 25 20 15 10 5 0 117 127 134 141 148 117 127 134 141 148 117 127 134 141 148 117 127 134 141 148 High crop load - 2004 ^ Zone Stylar end Peduncle Suture Cheek Zone Stylar end Peduncle Suture Cheek Dafb 100 106 113 118 125 100 106 113 118 125 100 106 113 118 125 100 106 113 118 125 Dafb 117 127 134 141 148 117 127 134 141 148 117 127 134 141 148 117 127 134 141 148 7K1<#KK! B S &!B-.! C@F &&!B $!!! &F$!!F F $L! B!,HCS +

! 6!:,H! B!!* )!C$N!!!! B C! L!! B C!!!! B C!7KK+$#!!I;H! BC C!! ***, ) BC!!***, ) L!& )*H** H), 10000 5000 1000 100 dafb 106 dafb 113 dafb 118 dafb 125 dafb Cuticular cracks (no.) 500 100 50 10 5 1 Classes of surface area (mm²) 0.000-0.005 0.005-0.010 0.010-0.015 0.015-0.020 0.020-0.025 0.025-0.030 0.030-0.035 7K1<# KK+( B & $ -.!! C LC& ** ) ***, )!! BC! C! M!!"F 0 B & C! 7 KK,$! B!C!!! %C &! 0.035-0.040 0.040-0.045 0.045-0.050 0.050-0.055 0.055-0.060 0.060-0.065 0.065-0.070 0.070-0.075 0.075-0.080 0.080-0.085 0.085-0.090 0.090-0.095 0.095-0.100 +)

!! F! C B B 7K1<# KK, *! F L!! C B!&! A B C D B! C B! B ** B! B!! -.! C!!! & B ),! B @ ),! C " L! C! 7 KKI$ % C!!!! C F! 01, )+,, _ ;9$ K C! 2 01 9, : _ +$ 01 ;++ _, 9$ 01, II+ _,$ 2 01,+ _ $ K 01 I, * _ ) ;$ R! &! C C!! C!! 2 2!!! 7 C :+ & $!! C ); & )**+N *9 01 $ 01 $ )**, $ ) & C!! +

250 225 200 175 Well irrigated Water deficit Low crop load 2004 High crop load 2004 Low crop load 2005 High crop load 2005 Fresh mass (g) 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom 7K1<#KKI6!-.! C O!! L!& B C!C! C7 KK;$ L! & B & &! F!2 K!!& B &!C! *I! L! C! B! BC **22 ;!01,01, ++! 01, 01 & A C! F C L!!! B ),H )* ) C C& 201, L!& B!01C&!CA *IH!! B! C L! B! 2 01 01, C +,H I ) @&!& BC &!@& &!!& BC! C ++

15 Cuticular crack surface area per fruit surface area (%) 10 5 Well irrigated Water deficit Low crop load - 2004 High crop load - 2004 Low crop load - 2005 High crop load - 2005 & # # & & # & ' 0 # * ' ' 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Days after full bloom 7K1<#KK;6 B -.! $ F F &!,H! D BR! C 0 C F& ** ; ),, $ O!! L! B C!! C!!! )**+!)**, & L!!&!!!B 9HH9H! &!C$! B &!!B C!S!!B! B I*H:*H$!!! &,H),H!,H,H!& $ +,

# $% L!& B!!C! C `U`]YUY ] &N7KK9$K!C =!!!> B A&` & C! Y!!! C & L!!!! C!!!! B&C 3.0 2.5 Well irrigated Water deficit Low crop load - 2004 High crop load - 2004 Low crop load - 2005 High crop load - 2005 2.0 Y' 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 7K1<#KK9#! C! & B!! λ C `U`]? H E$YUY ] λ? E &$ -.! ( C! @F0F! ] U *+$ L! B!! λ λ λ H / = λ { } 0 $ C!U,:I? EU*I,? 0 E R!!C`Y7! CC Z C!!! $ X' λ +I

! F C C!! 6 6!$A! &! a**,$ C B! λ C! C,:I_**9I$? E *I,_**)+$ λ H? E L!!!!C!! B C! I*) 3+ '! +)( L! & B C K C! &!!! & \! C!B & L!C!!! B!! D! )**)NO!D!)**,N AB ::,N ` ::*$ K \!! \ F K0@ C:9$!C!! b b C!! C! ` ::*$!C! C!! B! K!! 0@ C:9$F!!!! C!!! &! ( C!!!!! C!! C! Fb!!!C!!!01, CI,,*9,! 6 & C! & 5 @:$D!O!)**I$!F! C &!&! 6 )**,N O B @B ::,N R M! ::9$! BL!&! B! B C & C! C! C K!!!! B C B&7A! :;)$ M&L! :9:!$ 0 B -.! F&! CB!! C & 0! :;$ O! D! )**,$ K & C! B L! C!! @BB :99$ -L& M&L! ::$-7! 6 A!B::)$C! & D! )**O!D!)**,$0 B C!& 0! :;)$O!D!)**,$!! &C! & C! B C@BB :99$ B C! L! B! B),H! L! C!! &@BB :99$ C! +;

!)*H!!5 B )**$ - -2 A! & B!!F!!"#!$M&L! :9:N@P )***$ 0 B! C 7!! &-.! &! & B & C!! C! C! C &K&!C ::&!! B & +:H! C *I & @! C )**+! B &IIH&:,H)**, C!!!! L!C!! 0& :;)$ B O R ::,N O ::)$ C! C C 6 Q L )***$ -O#c &C!! FCB! C I*HC!C BC!! &! & B! ::$K F! B C!C&!!&! C!!!C L!!!!! F! B K &!!! C 6 7& ::I$!C!! &!&!C C!!! C & C! &! L!! B C! B & AB ::,$ %C C!! C!! B B! )**$K B&F & & C & C! F!!!&F!! S! &! &!! N D D )**+$! C CF C!K:::-DO $ND! O!)**IND! )**+C! & $7 C!C!!B S-Q% &!C!! F& 0 ::+$ A &!C!C& B!& A% :::$7 C! & CC!!!!!&! C! D! )**+$ 6! & B F C!C C! C D!O!)**I$L!!! F! B +9

K && &! C! & B & 0 B C! L!& C &! &!!!!S! B C C C!!!B@& C!!! B C L! & B C!C&!L!!!!!! +:

,*

! " # # $ %&&'%&& ()# * # #!

%

, #-, #,. #/ 0$!"# $ 1 # 2!1 $ * ## # # *, #%&&#3 4 5#6"78+79+ :!! # 5 ;1 :! 3 < #!!1 :! * =! $ 1> ** ; $! * :! # <! #!! 2*! 1?! #!! *< # *# 5!"#$%" / @ # A @ B @ @ C * @ @ ## A @@# # * +

@, #%&&#3 4 5#6"78+79+ C @#5 @@ @ C @C @ @ : @ 5 @ B @ C A @ C * @ @ 5 C! @ * 5 @ C @ @ # @ A @#@ @ C @ 5 A45@ @! 5#! 5 - # 5 A # 5D &'"#()%"*(' C @ -@ 5 5@ @ $" $#- 666E. A #%&&+ B@# 5! 5 @ @# #66'E@ #%&&%E$ #%&&%EF #668C 5 @5%$#G #%&&# $- # H B# 69% A@ 3# I # 66 @ 5 C @ @ 5@ @ @ @ 54A 697 9J &! $# +% J $ '7 J '" -#++&J(3* % $# $ #%&& K A@ # 5 5@ H B# 69%EI # 66@ @5# # @!5G #%&&K # 5 @, #%&& # # A C @ @ C @ 5 '

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

3 5 @ # 3 5@@ (3*, #%&&C @A* @ 5@# * @B@#@ 5 5! : @ D 5 B, #66- # A C 2 5@ @ @ # A @ @ 5@ # D#* #, %&&C 2# A #@ @5 @ @?*@ %&&' %&& () @ #@ # #@ C 5 @@ @ @ +$",#*$-$'),".() @, #%&& 5 DC 5 I!##J! ##! # A! A #"! =! +! +! A?! 45*#(5 @* 5 3 @ A # D@! " & & & & @A = & >?! % & @A =& @ 7

@& & % #& @A #@5 A % C* * 5* C *! @ & # % * **## % J % J 5#@ 5 5@ $# # " & = & **?! + @& ## # @ # A & A ## % & A # 5 A 5& A# O?!'P A @5 & A = δ & )?! ' @ 5 + A @ A! 5 C A @" & A! A =! QA?! & @& # %! A A J I 5#! 5! #J#@@ @ * C! 5 5! # + J?*@ %&&%#%&&' %&& () #, / +&,/+& A @ 669, / 788,/788 A @ %&&% (3* # 5,/788 666 C @ @ &$ C *@ : 3 F :F3 3 / '+6R:#'9R? C @ @ # 5 5 2 A 5 # / @ # 5 # @*@ D 8

/5 #@ * 5 C * @ %& @ C @%&&%#78'' &- %&&% K @A# @ @ C /@ C*0@ %&A S +9 % %&&'#%+& %%- %&&'#@ 12+ @ 12+@ '% @'&& %&#5? @ &/ 5#%M 12+ +8M12+ @ C *@ %&&0 #% %9- %&&#@@ +8 & /123 @ 123 ##&&& %&@#5/ 5#'M123 %M123 @ 3*0&@ %&&#%'% %6- %&&#%& @A S& % C@ +9 C@@ # &@@ E@ C &M@ 66&9 +&M&9% / 5# &M @ 3*/ @ %&&'#+96 %'- %&&'# (3* S9/8&@ + C @ C C %M#%M 76 %M@ C& %M8%86 %M@ C @ 3* DC 9

C34$? * D. 5J L / C " >?* T I A J L EM?CL %&&% 78'' &&M?CL?* B 12+ '&& & L D %&&' %+& 8&U'9E&& $@ 12+ %& K & % %&& + %&& % %&&' ()J,/ +& ()J,/ 788 (3* J,/788 % #&&& %& %'% +96 8& B 123 & $@ 123 & & N & 7 N 7 N & 7 %UE&& %U%E&& %U66E&& 66U&9E& &9U%E+& 8U96E&& 8UE&& U7%E% 7%U7E% 7U96E% 8U8%E&& 8%U89E% 89U96E& L D L D?* 6

C@@ 5 A @ -5&&9>#F5#/ # & /*#&& @ @@AE *#& && @ @A#5/ @ @A 3 5@5 @ / & ## % #@ 5 " V & = W $?! 7 @γ η 5/, #669! / @ @A 5 */@ @ @ A # 5@ A &M A# @ :5C#66 C A@ A # @ 5 AC A @ @ &E $ # I#, 5 @ A@ L@II&# >* #? #@@ 2 5 3 @ D L@ 5D C N @ +& >5 C* B I # I 3# CX# >I3 C A @ 5, %&&8 C@ +D#A 5 / D# D@@@ A/ # A # D #@ 5A@ 5 A 5 5 DC# A @ D # @ A @ "# C A#@ @ 123 I @@ &#+#%& %8 C@@ & @# %&+C@@ S &7 @ @ 7&

@ C@ @ @ & @ @ &++9 % @ $ 3Y F#@ @ + 5 @+ @ / @ @ 5D 5 C % 5 5 # @ @ # 5 J@ @# @@ *C % C34$?%: @ '@ 5 @ I @ 5 @ + ' 7 8 9 6 & % + ' 8 9 %& %% & & & & & & & & 6 + % + 6 6 9 & % + %& %& %& 7 ' ' %8 %& 9 + % C @ 9MB@ @ N # H# 67% 3 # @ @ 5 ' # I A E% @ A#+@ '@N # 66& I %@ @ 5 C @ @ $ K @A#&%& @ A# @ 3 # @ @-. Z F '- #N #K # 3 I *, #F5,#/ #@@-L- '7&&#& % E-CI3#. 5#/ @ 5 J@ C 5 @5 I $%&EF #4 #/? @ @5 9 C5!##J @ " 7

-! =?! 8 $ @ & %,, F - @ #- J@! @#& S& % #$ @ @ 9 J#F 9+ + JJG#- G#%. @! /, 669%. /00010213 004253-675894##, 5@! &&M, 5 9 #5 5 5@ @ *:' " $ $ *:' =?! 9 $ @$ $ N @ [&&# @ A! " * *:' S&#@@ A! 5 %& C 5 5 @ 5C D @F %% Q Q A "J@@@F2 C! @ 5?@ 5 C @ 5D! @! - I#666#: #>I3 5 @@ A@, D * @! F-I?#! 5 @ G 5 >I #%&&&# " *$& ; " = = ; = " @: # # " " C F- I? # % 7%

3,-" " & C 5 7&&+&&J @ @+ 7& /4@7& 97 #5 D +&&J 5 # @ &&J %9 123 Stomatal + cuticular conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Low Crop load 2004 = 43.9566 Stomatal + cuticular conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - High Crop load 2004 = 34.8725 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Stomatal + cuticular conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Low Crop load 2005 = 22.9763 Stomatal + cuticular conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - High Crop load 2005 = 22.2297 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Stomatal + cuticular conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Well Irrigated 2005 = 58.2924 Stomatal + cuticular conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Water Deficit 2005 = 61.4895 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom /,>F?K @ @ L 6M $ F-I?! *J 7+

: @ @ /% @B# 5 @ *## # 8&6%\&'9-# @ 5 5 /+ Stomatal number 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom /,>F?%I @ %&&' L C S8&6%\&'9 7'

Total conductance (cm/h) 200 300 400 500 600 71 dafb 79 dafb 93 dafb 500 1000 1500 2000 Stomatal density (cm-²) /,>F?+: @ 5 @ %&& 4 # @ @@! " < &! +! = +! Q?! 6 & & O!! P @!!=! * Q =! * +?! 6 O!! P % O + * P @@ A# & &! #! # + J 5 C C + 7

C34$?+. # :. >! 97&8 7%'7 J!= @ &&897 &&&++! 76%&8 '%86 J.! @% &6& &&%9 * 978%'9 &%88! < % I ] %69 '7899 + J C @ @ F- I?@5@ %%%+ 7'6 % / :#@ @ 3! < 5 # &&66 + J# A 5@ A# 6&J + &J && # M " ' / @# @ @ /'B@# @ @ / 5 @#9M@ @ @#+8M% #+6M+ 8M' C# @ @C #A@ @ @, #%&&8# @ * *C*@ 5 5 % E'9 12+ 12+ E+123 123 77

Healed per wounded surface area (cm²/cm²) 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 wounding at 101 dafb wounding at 113 dafb wounding at 120 dafb wounding at 127 dafb RMSE = 0.0821 RMSE = 0.0956 RMSE = 0.0763 RMSE = 0.0807 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Ripeness index /,>F?'K @ @*# @ %&&L 6M $ @F-I?! * % J % C# @ #δ #@ 5 D@*" δ = *?! & 45 O?!'P# @ @ " & = δ δ >?! &@ = % > = 78

L O?!&P@ 5 @ U&86& ±&&%%8 % % C @ @*@ @ 5! @/'C! @ &&8 &&6 % % "(! C A @@ @ 3 # A @@ 123 &'9 % #@ 12+#123 '&%# 66 % #5 * 12+ %& %&' % #5E/ 79

Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 15 20 25 RMSE - Low crop load 2004 = 2.6125 observed fitted Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 15 20 25 RMSE - High crop load 2004 = 1.6071 observed fitted 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 15 20 25 RMSE - Low crop load 2005 = 1.6584 observed fitted Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 15 20 25 RMSE - High crop load 2005 = 0.0461 observed fitted 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 15 20 25 RMSE - Well irrigated 2005 = 2.6515 observed fitted Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 15 20 25 RMSE - Water deficit 2005 = 0.8032 observed fitted 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom /,>F?K A @ @ L 6M C F- I?! * % 5 @ 5, %&&# * # A # 5 5 3 5#@ * * 5 U* U 76

C @ @ O?!%P & & = $ +??! % & & @? 45! &# %@! %, %&&# A @ L? @ 5 * A @&&&9'7 \&&&&% &69\&&6#5C# A *# @5 A * /C A @ @ 5 * * @@ C! @ @ 5 A123# @&9& %7 % @ A %& % C* 88%7M * " 429 C! @ C A! A #O?!P#@ 5* +9+997J\ 9%'%JC @ @ @ @ /7C * @ /# ++&M @@ 5 &M M @ @/ 6& # @ @ 3 @ 5 # 5 ###12+#123#12+ 123 - # @ @@ 5 C && 12+ 123 @@ @1 2+ 123 #5C C @7 &7 C5@ % 8&

Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Low crop load 2004 = 59.9565 g total g cut g sto g ck Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - High crop load 2004 = 37.8612 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Low crop load 2005 = 28.7414 Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - High crop load 2005 = 20.9769 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Well irrigated 2005 = 80.8671 Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Water deficit 2005 = 60.1957 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom /,>F? 7/ @ @ L 6M F- I?! *J$ # A 8

427 K @ 5 U / 8# U @ @B@# *C5* 7%%9M 53%&M O?!%P#@ 2 @ 5 # 5 * 9+6M 5/ # A@ @ % @ @%& % +& % Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 5 10 20 30 60 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom /,>F?8C# %&&%() @ E # A L C @ C %&M A 8%

5@ @ () # (3* 5 #7&&%&J @+ 7 & # +&&J @/9L @ 4# # 5#8&& %&& J @+8 # A Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Well irrigated 2 = 90.3935 observed simulated Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Water deficit 2 = 127.6187 observed simulated 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Fruit surface conductance (cm/h) 0 200 400 600 800 RMSE - Water deficit 3 = 87.2747 observed simulated Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Well irrigated 2 Water deficit 2 Water deficit 3 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom /,>F?9K (3* @ # A L 6M $ C D D@ F- I?! * J % A 3 @ 5 () # @ O?!6 P 8+

45 5#@ @ C @5@ 5 @98 %8JB@# 9& / A @ & 4#@ @ # A # & / & # A @@ # 89 C A @ @E @ 5 @ 4*%*(' C 5 () 778 % # % 8 4 A $D# 696 5L #%&&5# 4 A#66# 66& %&& % : @ @ 5 5@ @ @5 G #%&&& $A@# D @ @ L DA# 6'' @ @ @ $E4T #69 5@ 4 A $5#698C 5 5 J 5 @ 5 @ C 5 #@ 8@ @5 G #%&&#* A@# @ #@ 5 N # 697 C @K 5#L %&& %' +M @ @ @ @A @ #6&M @ 5K @ 4 A $5699@ 9M (- ^C 5 C 2 @@ 5@ # @ @ 5 @ *#* L DA#6''# #/_D #666# $!! $E#666 5@ $EL #%&&/# @ * 5 5 4A #697E I F#667# @ *@ 5 A5 5,5 I`#66&E F I# 66& C D 8'

* 5 5 5@! @?# 68 # @@@# @ * #@ 5 @ # 5?#68 C @ # D 3 5 @ 5-66%# * @ @ AC@ @ @ A @ @ 5@@, #%&&8N @ @ # A %%& % @ 5 % @ @@ C @ @ @ @@@ N! @ @ @ A @ 5 *#@ @ # 5 5IA694 # @ 5@ *# # C 2 @ 5 IA#69I A @ 5! # @ 5 K # * 5 * C A # A * #@ A # @ A # C @@@ @B@# A C! @ 5#@ @ 5 IA69 @ 53@ @ 5 N 5 C A @ 5 C @ 5 @ :5C66@ A # G %&&& @ @ @ * '97# - 666@ @ A@ * 5 8

A C @ @ B@# @ # @ 6& A # 6& @ @ U 5# 35#@ #@ @, #%&&8# 5! @ 45 5 # #@ @ 3# A @ @ B@# @ * 5 5 5 #@@ A 5 # * 5 J 5/ / #687T 5 5 5 # @ 5 / * # 5 @ 5 3@ I # 6+E I # 669 I 5# * 5,5 I`# 66&E F I# 66& 5 E 4@#69 J @ @ @ I,#%&&7 @ * 5# @ *! 5 A I,# %&&7# 5 5 5 4! @ @ 5# @ # A @@ @! 5 $, %&&@ @! 5! A! 5 AK@#@A @A * @ 5@ * A! 5# @ 87

!!!"! #! $%

&

()*+,(-. (/0!! 12 34 56 7889 788:; 6" " " %!! 7889 788:!!! 1 3< = >:?4 % "#$%&'$ @ A 6 6 6 123456B! 7889 788: 2 " 6 6 6!6" 6/BB 6AB!@!A B!,B! 7889 788:@ B 66 6 A B B 6!! 6 B A1 3 7 =>:?4@!! ()$%*+ '$,*) CB 66D898? 1 78874@ @!E! B F 12 G 34 56 B 6 # 1H 4 56 B 6 2 2 I 12 G '

34 56 B # J 2 J6! B! @ 6 1! 4 B 6! 6 61C6H K' (E K''9. 788D4 @! B A B!! 6 @6@! 6 6 61 K'>&4B 6! "# $ 134 56 61"J788K4J 6B 1C6H K' B 78884! 1/ 5EK''D4L 6 6 6!! M! 1,!6@K''K /5E788D141 44!! B 6 6!A1C6HK' N37888 N 788K4AA6 6O!1/ 5E 788D,!6@ K''K4 A B!B "BBA!6 B! 1..! K''D..! K''4@A 6 B B 6 6 B 6!B 6! B!! 1P 788> P 7889. JAK''7 I @7888 H K'': P788:4A K8? 1( 788 LL4 B!!. 6 1 64 6 J! 1@ /QA!K''D @ K'':4 B 6 1 788D 788K4 B B 6! 6 6 B '? B777:R1C6H K' @ /QA!K''D N 788K4@66 L B!! B6B B!B 6@6B B 5B 6!614 L! 5! 1788D4!!! 6 B &8

A6! B A @OBAB6!B B A 6 B 6/ B " " @B 6 -&$.%,&/&)+!.$0*+ #" B7889788:ST 1!4!B!(/D8:1(/D8:4A K''& @6B,L2!31L,3242! 1/ 9D'R, 9&R#4@ B!! B! 6! 6 O A "!! 6 B /!B! 6! @" B!B781A= D& 7 47889B!112-4B 112-4B 7D' 177. 78894B988K78 6#B K8@ " B 788: BB 7>17&. 788:4K8 /!11234 B 11234K888K78 B 6 L 7889 78 6 17 4 B K:&K78K&9:14L788: &86 1& 4BDK:>DK> K&8714 @ A 6 B 6! 6 ( 1788 LL4 B A6 1B4 B!!61..9>88K8 7!.@J2-6 /4@ 1A!4 B B!!!1.6:88K&K;36/K8 : 4 L78896B!B6!4 7?6!7 4BB E /BB! A B2A B 6! B 66!U 6-. ( U B &K

B8:?!6:&? @ A BO9 K8 : V! 6@A B 9 K8 9 9 K8 D V@BB8:?!6 :&?/ B 6! @ 1V 7 4 A! B B! 6@ B 6#6B B!"@6BA B 6 B 1J! K:78 3 C/4! B:8&8? 78D8R 6!B" L 788: " B B &8 6 @ B B " 7889 B 6 4 @ E B! 6 A 4 B 6 6 4 B! B " B 6B!P 7 I D,P 7 JI 9 6 9D? :? '&? 6 1IL. 3 K7K K''>4@ BK81 B!B 4#B!61B4!B1K!87:4BB B6!!7 B 13D8KD7:V4!@ B B : M B 6! B 6 @ 6 B 6!! "! B! 6@!!B7977R / B 6/B! B " B! "2"B77RK7VK7!VA! @6!BD:KDDV 7 7889B 'D8&&V 7 788: /6B86 K 6 1B4D96H BB! BA &7

!" #$% L7889788:A6 BBB 5B B! W# KX B1%!4A61&?4F K λ & =8 % < #1K4 K λ K λ [ 1% 4] λ λ & = $ % Bλ=89K=:D'>=8>D:1( 788 LL4 &% @ B "! 6 14 7889 788: M! 6 B 6 " "!!BB RD:R 6 1T K'&D M)! (K'&'4M!6B @ B " B 1 6788:41A 6A4L 6 B 6! B @ 6!B 6!χ 7 L 6 B! 6 6 6 6 @! B 6!J@B6!3!! 177K4YY A!1 FVVBBB3 O!4!!!E B 6 1 5 K''K4! B A6! A 6 A615!788D4 2B2AAL12L4B B B @ B 6! 3 7 1./3 7./K'94 B 6 @ 3 7 BF 7 7'' K ( = K 7'' B''!A'' )!AB @B K &D

6 7'''' ) 8 6" 6 3 7 K @AB 6 3. /$ '" %% @ " 6 6 B 6 B! " 6 1 6 A 6 4 @ 6B B B B 6 H BB BB 6! JB7889788:1B4 / 788: 6!6 1χ< > 88: /!L-K4@ B! 6 &9

Control Relative frequency 0 20 40 60 80 100 43% 75% 98% Relative frequency 0 20 40 60 80 100 Artificial inoculation 43% 75% 98% Ambient relative humidity /L(;3#L-K5!61A!646 1!!64 B 6 788: 1 4 1 4 @ 6 B B 7889 788:. B K97:91ZD:4D8'971Z::9D4V 7 7889:K871Z9'84&K:71Z'8&4V 7 788:@B B!7889788:1J=88KDD 7889=888D>788:4 @ABBB 1/!L-74. BD1Z8&4771Z894 &:

7 14K>71Z774KK&1Z8'4 7 6 7889 K1Z874K1Z8K4 7 '91Z8'4 &K1Z8>4 7 788:@B6 B!1J=88887=:&D7[K8 K9 =DK:[K8 KK \77[ K8 K> 7889788: 64L B6"!A BB: 7 66 Control - 2004 Dusted - 2004 Probability density 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 Probability density 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) Control - 2005 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) Dusted - 2005 Probability density 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 Probability density 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) /L(;3#L-766A1 7 4146 1 47889788: &>

2A6 B 6 AB@ B7>7>71ZD:K78894D7K1Z>8K788:47'K991Z >7K7>78894'>&1ZKDK>9788:4!1J =&99[K8 : =&&[K8 & 7889788: 64 @ " 6 A B 6 A ' (# #() # #$ 2!!B 67889788:! A@B 6 1 V 7 4A61 * 7 V 7 4 1+ 6 7 4! 14 α + κ#174 = * + B 6B6,-! 7889788: @ 678D?612L =:87&42A6 " B! 6 6 B B A! 2 " 6 @ 6B6 8KK>888:K&881/!L-D4 &

Mean natural infection by Monilinia laxa 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2004 2005 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 Degree days after full bloom /L(;3#L-D. 7889788:O6!! @ B! 6 7889 788:@ 6 B66!B 7889 B!!@ B " 6!A@! @ @!W#7XB F! 14 = α 1 + 144 * + + κ #1D4 B AB6 1V 7 4B &&

@BF! 14 = α. + β + 14 + κ #194 * B, A A 1K7D!4/,6AB 6!+ *!A M 7889 788: B O B 6" Fαβκ7889 αβτ788:τ!! κ! κ= κ] τ@788:!!! α B! τ B!6E2/ B!!! 6 6 1@L-K4@B6 6>:7&?12L=7::9&4 @2C# L-K. 1Z 4!!! 66 A A1=KD4κβKβ7βD αb!667889" ^1B!κ788:_=_]^4βKβ7βD αb!66788:" # _ * 9::1Z8'&:K4``` ^ ak a7 ad ak a7 ad α α K9981ZK8D84,J 898>'1Z8KKD'4``` 8:'7'1Z8K97'4``` K991Z8D9D4``` 89KK:1Z'8& K8 7 4``` 8>9&&1Z8K8D84``` K7D91Z87>':4``` 7K9K K8 9 1Z>7K K8 : 4`` >K'& K8 : 1ZK:79 K8 9 4,J =:K9 ``=88K```=888K,J =! 2 B B! B B ακ B "1@ L-74,! B B B A &'

B1=88:4FBα κba @2C# L-7. 1Z 4!!! 66 A A1=KD4βKβ7βD B! 6 6 7889 " βkβ7βdb!66 788:" καbb # _ D7':1Z87'84``` ak a7 ad ak a7 ad 877':1Z>&K K8 7 4``` 89>KK1Z'998 K8 7 4``` K8'91Z87DD4``` 89DKK1Z&>>K K8 7 4``` 8>:KD1Z&>7K K8 7 4``` K79K1Z87>9D4``` α K9&K K8 9 1Z:88 K8 : 4`` =:K9 ``=88K```=888K @ 6>:K?B2L7:9DD;! 1 =/ Vα #7D4BK':V 7 K:&DKKDV 7 K78 D&V 7 K&9:7889" 7'KKV 7 K:>D 9D'&V 7 K>&:&D'V 7 K&87788:" @! B B 6 6! /6 66 6B!1]4A1/! L-94LK:8888 '8

Probability of infection by Monilinia laxa 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 * * * * ** * ** *** * * ** * * * ** * * * * * ** * * * *** * * * * * ** ** * ** * * * * *** * *** * ** * * * * * * 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 Number of conidia inside the cuticular cracks /L(;3#L-966 A J 6 184 1K4 J 6 ':? JBB!B!!! 12]4 B A! A 1>8:46B!1>:8V 7 4!2221/!L-:4C6B!OE!AA!6!BBB!1" 24 B 6 B B 1< 874 'K

Probability of fruit infection by M.laxa 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 250 conidia/cm² 500 conidia/cm² 750 conidia/cm² 1000 conidia/cm² 1500 conidia/cm² A AA AAA AAAA 0 10 20 30 40 50 Cuticular crack surface area (cm²) /L(;3#L-: 66!!! A 2222222222!!! 4,',*) L 6 6! @ B B 6 B 6 61H"K'&'4 6 15! K''&4L!B7889 B@E 6B6 6!!1M!3K''94@B B6" @! L6 BB! 15! K'' 5!. K''&4 '7

"6! 1 K'K4/ " 6!! B6@67888 &888V 7 BAC6!B! 1 4 1K'K4877K K8 : B8D7D K8 > B 2 1) K':&4 5! 1K''&4! 6B!788 7!!EB 6!!K88KK>88 7 I!B! @!A@ A66! 1/!/K':,!6@ K'&'4 B 1Cb 78884 1..! K''4 1' ; J K''D4@ AB61( 788 LL4@ 1!4 A 16 K'7 # K''D ( 788 LL K''74B!!1C 78894. B!! 6EB 1JAK'&K LLL4 B "! CBA: 7 B!6BBAB!: 7 B6 @6" 6 788: " @ B B 1 6 4!!! B B! " 6 B 6 1 '?4!BB1C6H K' @/QA!K''D @ K'': N 788K4L " 6 " B B "66 BA6K88?. N3178884 B6 B@!! A6!! /6 6 A B! L B 6 A BA@ 6 6!6AB6!!! @ O 6 B 6!.! B 1 A 6 4!164! "! 1@ /QA! K''D N 3 78884 6 1 B 4 1 6 B!4 I B! E6M6 6!6 B! V! 'D

O66!!!0! 1J K'':4 6! 5 15K':745B! 5!1788D4B! /6 A!! A6 61Cb 7888 JAK''&42! B!6 "A! 1( 788 LL. 1788:42!! 6 6B! '9

! " # $%%&'! # # & " # $%%(& ) $%%*$%% ' + '!,# -. '! / #.'! '!. '. 0 # # ' 1.. & 2 &' ' 3 #. ' 3 '!. / '

4

"#6#" 7 #8 " # 1 9#: ;!!"! # # # #. <! " # $%%#=9//#$0>(%(>(>&'!< )&' '+ / ; # # & # /,' #. & # # -< '9 &# # # &#.'! / ' # # # '? # @ / & ' # $ %&'(% = A 3B333&# C / / 37&#C! " $%% =9//#$0>(%(>(>&'= C / D )&' = C / C'E/ / / C C/ C# / C. / & C C / 'E.#C 5

/ A# A/# / # C A / / ' G C / / &# / C.# / # # A /& ' = C C ' =/ # C C A/# C.#/ ' H C D C & C /' ) *%&+,!(%-+* : / C G #" 3 /-1 D I #$%%(&#C 8 I #>& / /' >& /. / C '= / #D## # " / #>F&'E / / # / #>5&. CA >& #D C' C / G # >5&'8. C / / # C / ' G C / / JA # EI DA#>F&# KA 6#>*& " 1L#>*&'3 /# C.C C 6#>* $%%$-" K#>4-!#>%&'KC# C / C / " G/#>4& /# C C &# /# # # C A &# #&'! " $%%& / C #C'= / D# C- #/ C.0 '=/ & C C & ':/#. #.! #$%%>&'H# A F

# A& C C C 3 333&'G/# C C C & #/ A @/ # // 37&'=C C / A A/ C C ' 3# C C C #.CA 6 >4&CA C C C/C# / 6 # >4&' 3 /#! " $%%& C )'=#C #C / '= / A & / # # C.# &' = / C ' = C A@ 3:9&# / C C '. '%/&-'0 '*, "/%1+, = / C M N '= # C#/ / /'= / / D#/ # # / # # # C C. >%% &# # C C O #>>& '= / ' 3 C /. / C# # C #/'!"" #$ % "&&'( = & / '=/ 0/ # / # '3 /'8 # P >% # /- C /-

/# & /' 1 / #/ / C # C D C C ' 3 CA# C 5%% / & >FF%&C D " #$%%5& 0 β ) ' & + ) Q >& * = ) $ ) (& ' > + C18/ &#R &#) &/ 5%% #)+ > & ), & '= C. / / $%%*S) 333&' = $%%. C C C $%%* ' = C / - / ) C /'E/# - $%% $%%*C ) / ' = / / D / // & C A. /'! / / A # /# '8 # A C 68 #>5-68 #>-P #$%%*&':/ '=! >F&'!"+ #. /0%"&&12. % +33,( = #& # # ## &# H $ '=. /' = / # # # # / &' = # / SG " #$%%(&#C S) '= CC /C /C SG C&'8 # C C A? M N& Q MC N&# /" $%%(&# ' = C. C ' >%%

!", 4 #5.% "&&'( = )&# / C : " # >F&# C C 'G / ' / C C # C. C/!A!A #>4&'=C C#./ # / ' = / /#'=C C # C C # C ' = C /C DS)C / 333&' Q / # # A A # A/ ' = // 37& / A# / 'J $ #C& A $ &#C ' = /# / 7'*'>'&# ' :7'> ' >%>

! C?'?' / '&$+* ' -"-0'%-+* '*, '0+('%-+* I 6 / 1/ / 1/ 1/ 6C C C 6 -*'0 +!%2!% +4 '3&+*+"-('0 -*%/&/ % 67!'0-%8 '*, %+&'3/ 2+%/*%-'09 &// *%/&"/,-'%/ :'&-'$0/ +4 -*%/&/ % = '&$+* 2'&%-%-+*-*3 -* %1/ 40/ 1 # E : : 1/ GC. : 7 I / '%/& 40!5/ -* '*, +!% 3+-*3 4&+" %1/ 4&!-% ) T A = # # A GC / &!-% -*4/(%-+* 9 / / :3"+IQ7'>'" 'Q. # C C A! " #$%%&' >%$

Q. C / / / " #>F-6 8 #>-P #$%%$-" #$%%(&'= C C SG! " # $%%&' = # C# #P $%%$ $%%*&C ACA' H C S)/P $%%$ $%%&'= # / #C 333 37' = D S) / C #.. C $%%* $%%C C 'E.> C # ' Q. C S) # " : (% ":(%&A C >F& " : 455 ":455& A C $%%$&' = CC >>%! '=.C? 3 E I 3?IE& E : *('U?#*'FUQ&'=C C # / / @ A & / &# ' =C. C $% C A V (FW&'=.C $%%*#$( >% /&>% >FF$& / & $$8 ' $%%*&#C ;.& C ;.&C *$ $(& C*%% >$%#/'Q C >%'=.C $%%#$ >*4&>> $%*$& $F8 '$%%&# CC (5 $4F&>% ': ;<& C ;<& #>%%% >$%C #/' E.C $%%#$* >(F&>$ >4$F& $8 ' $%%&#$% C A V>%W&'= C (F $5F&'=CC &# >%CC -C &'=%X C >%F (%X>%F>$ ' : // # C CA/ / 'Q # / #/ />$ %U $ 4%U /& X &'= C/ D/ /"D $%%5&' = CC / ;. CCC ' = C : :- E. 7'>& C / $%%. ;<#;<# &'=C >%(

$%%*. ;.&'= C. / C /CSG C M N C -" #$%%(& S)':#C " $%%(&# M N'= C / $%%. ;<#;<# &' = C / />#/$& C / ' E : 7'># ' " # /C. '1 /. C. / CC 5 (U ) #>F(-1L " #>F&'1 / C ' 9 C / C C CA/ C$%%* C$%% ' E / C C / C # / 'Q /# C &C#C / C /#. $%& 4&' = C / C ' 1 C#C C CC /! # >F& ' 3 / / C A! >F&' = / C. C $%%'1/ C /. C ' : # A C / / $%% ' =/ II8GQ-O / +G # $%%%&C /..# # # & C.0 99 /: > 8 = > = 8 0 0 = > 0 & $ >%*

C? # # 0 #0 0 ' = II8 GQ C # '! "##!;" 7 = / / C # #/ #C.# A /# C J " 9 #>F&# // '= C >% &': // # > / #C A/ #C ' =C 55>%. $%%* 7'*'$&# # 7'*'(& '= C ## # # /& #/ # 0 # C # /' = / C K%* $#% 5 C0 M N (&# M N &# MN F&' = YC# C/ 6 1L >4& '3# / / / ' C >%% #C / # C0!C!&0>%%J#> # 3 3&0(%%J#( #??&0%%J# ' = C 0 T T3&# T C T1'>&# T C T1'$&' :7'$ C C# / & 'H/ >%

C '=/C 7'*'( /C /6 1L >4& /? >5&CC '=C / T3 #.T1'> /T1'$' WI WD.1 WD.2 Stem water potential (MPa) -2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 Stem water potential (MPa) -2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 Stem water potential (MPa) -2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 LC MC HC 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom WI WD.1 WD.2 Leaf water potential (MPa) -2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 Pre-daw n Average Midday Leaf water potential (MPa) -2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 Leaf water potential (MPa) -2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 80 100 120 140 80 100 120 140 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Days after full bloom :3"+IQ7'$'G C# / C & C 'H/ C C ' = #C A. # A # C / / : : #>54&'= C'E Z$%X >%4

A'= / A :'7'(&' I.. > %'%%>*55 > %'%%>F*4 > %'%%$$> > %' % >%% >% $%% : & :3"+IQ7'('=.. C T ># A' 3 # C '=/ C ' : $ ( ' # $%#%% >%% $ C C# ' /C C # :'7'*&'= # &# C / C C A/ C A / # C C # C& ' >%5

Conidial density (no./cm²) 0 500 1000 1500 250 conidia/cm² 500 conidia/cm² 1500 conidia/cm² 80 100 120 140 Days after full bloom :3"+IQ 7'*' = / C C# '!;+ /0 0 T / #/ 7 [&#C[ / / # C G #$%%%&0 = & = : = < && + : = && < =. &. &' : = && < ' = C / / /0 : = < && / = = & < >%F

= & \ /> = = & C?.'/ /. '=. ='/> /. / /& '/> A C '=// /> DC ='H /# =# '=C/ / /> 'T C C #. C '!;, / T / / ':/# C 'G >%% / %'$%# $%X # C ' 3# C C C A. A C A'G C.C ' J>%% # / C >%X C %XC 'G/# I# ]J& A C ' 3 C # >%%%% # >%% &': #C A #. A& ]JA& = 7'>&' =E6!Q 7'>' G # ' = C S) '= S)! 9 CA(($%%*#C ACA ' 8 ]JA& Q & CA((#/ $%%*# & /Q. & % *E (5$'>> % F% <% (E $5('> <(5$'>> % 5( <F% $E $>'(% <$5('> >'44 45 <5( E >5$'%4 <$>'(% >'$( 4> <45 6 >(*'4 <>5$'%4 >'>4 <4> <>(*'4 % G0H @ Q $F>%$%%*& G? 8 ' >%

= A C # / // /> / / ':C C(E # #C %]JA& A/> X D&'G C A / C / = 7'$&': A# C / # ':# C. G3# >%% #X&C 0'<G3 4'#4'<G3 5' G3>5''=/ :18 #X&C 0>%<:18 >$'#>$'<:18 > :18 >>'= :::8#X& C 0%<:::8 $'#$'<:::8 :::8>'= A / 1#X &C 0%<1 (#(< 1 4#4<1 1>' =E6!Q 7'$' 1 A / C / ' 9 / A' = / ' 9 > & 3/ 'J $ & G $% > '3 > %'%%>*55 %% > '3 $ C/& >%% > '3 ( %'%%>F*4 $% $ '3 > %% $ '3 $ /& >%% $ '3 ( $% ( '3 > %'%%$$> %% ( '3 $ /& >%% ( '3 ( >>%

< /!0% '*,,- (! -+* $ % & = ^Q'>_ C/ S) / C / C $%%* :'7'&'= %'%( %'($#C %'>('= C E.7'>' Dry fruit mass (g) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 Degree-days :3"+IQ7''"C / & C ' CC ' >>>

'() ;+" : Sucrose (% fresh mass) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 WI WD HC-05 LC-05 HC-04 LC-04 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 (% fresh mass) Fructose (% fresh mass) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 (% fresh mass) Glucose (% fresh mass) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 (% fresh mass) Sorbitol (% fresh mass) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 (% fresh mass) Sweetness index (% fresh mass) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 (% fresh mass) 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 Days after full bloom Days after full bloom Days after full bloom :3"+IQ7'4'Q S) /&$%% & $%%* & C & 0C C C &-C $%%* $%% ;.#;.#;< ;<#/&'= C. #CC O '# >>& ' = C D $%% $%%* ' 9 X ' >>$

= C$%%* $%% C C :'7'4&'= C C %F%% C C#/&# / C ' = C # # ;. ;<# / ;. ;< >>X#X#5X#X *X #/&'E # C C /C C >X 5XC.;<!%* # /' = C.;< C 'E # C;< $X& >'X& C;.#;< ;. >X&'3 >*X((XC.;. ;< # /' = C C ;.#;<# ;. C ;< '= C C %'FX ;.& >'4X & / 5X ;. & >X ;<& C.' = C # C C '3 $%%* $%%'= C /C $'X $X #/& CC %'X# %'5X# %'X %'$X ;<# ;.# ;. ;< # /&'3/$X ;<&X &C.' = /.C.0FX ;. ;<#>%X;. ;<#>*>4X ' = C /T >F(&#6 G >%&#8 >%&#Q >5&! " $%%& ' KC#. C # C 4 SG 'T G >$& C C # O / $%%5& C. ' KC# C C C / C@C E.7'$&#A/ ' ;++ : = /. / C @ " #(. / CS) SG^Q'$_' 3 C @ + #( @, #(#CC SG^Q'(_' = / @! #( C / / C # SG ^Q' *_' = M N C $%% C >>(

/ '= λ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

*# + = / / / # / &# A / & / &C / / ' M0 Irr M0xLoad Load M0xIrr Cutal M0xCutal LoadxCutal IrrxCutal M0 Irr Load M0xIrr LoadxIrr M0xLoad Cutal 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 % of variance of fruit fresh mass % of variance of flesh per fruit fresh mass ratio Irr M0 LoadxIrr Load M0xLoad Cutal M0xIrr M0xCutal Irr M0 LoadxIrr Load M0xLoad Cutal M0xIrr M0xCutal 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 % of variance of flesh dry matter content % of variance of sw eetness index M0 Cutal Irr M0xLoad Load M0xCutal M0xIrr IrrxCutal LoadxIrr LoadxCutal Dens M0 M0xDens M0xLoad Load Cutal Irr DensxCutal IrrxDens LoadxDens M0xCutal M0xIrr 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 % of variance of cuticular crack density % of variance of probability of infection average 15 dbh :3"+IQ7'5'9 /./ / ';0/ ^_-&&0 -+',0-0.. C ^ > _- 10 /^'J $ _'V / ' >>

K/ / C# /# A # = 7'(&'3#/ / A /# # /. C4%X F%X :'7'5&' 3 #.# C.# / // >$$%X &'L $%%>& / C/' >54& C /'6/ C // # / D C / 1# >4%- TC # >45&# LA #>44&# L #$%%> &#AC K #>4&#! #$%%*& 6 @ TC#>F-1 1 #>*F- GD # >>&' /#! $%%& / C /./ ' = C # / '=/ C. CC/ C 5% F%X #:'7'5&'= A /# # >%>X / / `(X&' T C / # A. /C 9 T >& AC. A H #$%%%&'H /# C C C. / = 7'(& /C >*&#6 $%%>& = $%%%&'1/ AC/A C K #>F5-8 >>& C / #>*-" K#>4-! #>F&' >>4

=E6!Q7'('G / ';0/ ^_-&&0 0T3#C -T1'># C -T1'$#C C -+',0 0!#C-3# -?# - 0.. C 0>^%'%%>*55 > _-$^%'%%>F*4 > _-(^%'%%$$> > _-/* 0 /^'J $ _' ; +', H / H / : A/ A :/ G GC. 9 // H / : A/ A 9 // H / A/ A 9 // ( F! 3? && && T1'$ T1'>T3 T1'$ T1'>T3!%'0 /* > $ ( $% %% >%% : A/ A 9 // H / G# GC. :/ H / 9 // >>5

3/# / / ' 3 # A / / >%X &// C.# / <X &'1#C / C'3 C 6 1L#>4-? #$%%>& A " # $%%5 33& = 7'(&' G >F&! $%%& / C / C C # C K #> G #>F&' = /./#CA. /'3C " # $%%5&' = / C C '?. #.C C ' 9 A/.>4X A/# / / (X&' = A / C A/ &# CC. / A 333&'=#C#/' : /#.#C #AC ' = C C / / > / (X & C / $%X &' = / 3 333CC#C// // #C A# 37C /C ' = C/ /.$%X / / ' = A C# C/ CC / '= C/. >%X A / ' =. `*X& # // '=AC # / C # C' = / / #C>X 4X. / ' E /. # / C C C 'E/#C # / C # A C/ " #$%%5 33-9 O#$%%&' H C' >>F

'# ",-. = / # / # / # # C. A /&' = C C A #C/ # 3:9 'H$*( #/ >> C / 8 &- # X C ' H/ Ia$%%]J& A#C # C @ 3:9# C / /# ' = = 7'*&/ # C / A C C > '3 > # > '3 $ $ '3 > &' = /* $*(& / # # C ' 3 C A C # C / C ' =/ $E#CC/ >%X<:18 >$'X& :::8 >X&': C C. 'X<G3 4'X& 4X<1 X# > '3 > > '3 $ &/ A 1>X $ '3 > &C '3.# A / C' 3 C C C # C # 'KC# C / /&#C C CC' 8 # CC '?# C & A / A' = C / 0 #/ CC C I13 & # / /C C/ &' >>