23 9 CHINA BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003 9 3 ( 310014),,, : C 40 H 52 O 2, 56419 [1 ], 1950,,, [2 ], [3 5 ] 1984 FDAΠWHO,,,, 96 %, [1 ] 1,,, 210, :2003204203 :2003207208 3 :stxp108 @yahoo. com. cn (,, 2 24,4 2 ),,,, 1 [6 ] 1 (gπ100ml,20 ) 01005 0102 0101 0102 0108 0103 012 10 0101 0103, :35,35 2 34, 97 % ; 32, 9114 % ; 29 (8219 %) 26 (7413 %) 17 (49 %),,, 2,,,
9 : 65 2 211 C 20 + C 20 C 20 + C 20, 2 Witting, 2 2 A A A A Witting 2 [6 ] ( 1) 212 [7 ] ( 2) 1 C 20 + C 20 2
66 23 [8 ] : 10g 2 500ml, 250ml, 20g 200ml, w ( H 2 SO 4 ) = 5 % ph = 3 4,, 40, 6h, 2,,3,,, 200ml 2, 2, 714g, 70 %, 206 208 [7 ] 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 311 ( 3) : 312 313 31311 Brevibacterium SP KY4313 1950, Haxo ( Cantharellus cinnabarinus), 35, 1300 Πkg, ( Brevibaeterium SP) [9 ], KY4313, KY4313 N2 (NMU),, 370 gπg,3100 gπl 490 gπg,4200 gπl, ( ), (011 %),, V B12 KY4313 600 gπg,1 2mgΠL Mg 2 +,,, CΠN 2, 712mgΠL,,, 5 % 4 % 011 % 1 % 913mgΠL, 1216gΠL KY4313, [9 10 11 ], Phaffia rhodozyma [12 ] [13 ] 31312 Halobacterium sp 31,, Halobacterium sp [ 14 ] : Halobacterium sp 6d, Halobacterium sp 6d, NaCl 10 %, NaCl,, NaCl 25 %, MgCl 2 MgSO 4, Na 2 SO 4 MgSO 4,
9 : 67 3 Halobacterium sp, Fe Mg Zn, :1 % 0175 % 25 %NaCl 4 %MgSO 4 012 %KCl ph712 37 6d HPLC, : Halobacterium sp
68 23 2106mgΠg, 0106 mg 2 0170mg 31313 ( Corynebacterium SP1SQH348) Corynebacterium SP1SQH348 [15 17 ], ( Corynebacterium SP1SQH348) C ( ) N ( KNO 3 NH 4 NO 3 NH 4 Cl ) Aa ( : 95 5 98 2),,,,,, 411 314, [6 ] X2 10T1Π2, DNA, 2 10-7 molπl,,,,,,, C O, 2, NAD +,,,,,,, Agrobacterium aurantiacum Alcaligenes PC21 412 crtw [17 ] crtw : (1) T B 2, (2) T Haematococcus pluviclis,,, 2 [18 21 ],, 2,, 4 413,,
9 : 69, 2 414 2 [ 6], ( ) ( 2) 10 % 2, (60 ) 10 % CWS 1mg 100ml 1ml = 1mg 1mg 100ml, 1ml = 1mg 5,,,,, [ 1 ]... :, 1997. 0415 0416 [ 2 ] Paust J. Recent progress in commerical retinoids and carotenoids Pure & Appl Chem, 1991, 63 (1) :45 58 [ 3 ] Klaui H. Carotenoid chemistry and biochemistry. Oxford : Pergamon Press,1982. 309 328 [ 4 ] Marusich W L, Bauernfeind J C. Carotenoids as colorants and vitamin aprecursor. New York : Academic Press,1981. 319 462 [ 5 ] Simpson K L, Katayama T, Chichester C O. Carotenoids as colorants and vitamin Aprecursors. New York : Academic Press, 1981. 463 538 [ 6 ],. 2. :,1997 [ 7 ],,..,2000,17 (2) :74 75 [ 8 ] Paust J. Manufacture of canthaxanthin. US. Patent, 4212 827,1980 [ 9 ] Nells H J,DeLeenheer A P. Microbial source of carotenoid pigents used in food and feeds. J Appl Bacteriology,1991,70 :181 191 [ 10 ] Johnson E A, Schroeder W A. Microbial carotenoids. Advance in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology,1995,53 :118 178 [ 11 ] Nelis H J,De Leenheer A P. Reinvestigation of Brevibacterium sp. strain KY24313 as a source of canthaxanthin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1989,55 (10) :2505 2510 [ 12 ],,..,1999,25 (3) :46 51 [ 13 ] Tsubokura A. Process for production canthaxantin. US. Patent,5496 709,1996 [ 14 ] Dalal Asker, Yoshiyuki Ohta. Production of canthaxanthin by extremely Halophilic Bacteria. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,1999,88 (6) :617 621 [ 15 ] Sakurai H,Kato K,Sakai T Y. Studies on microbial utilization of petroleum. I. Separation and characterization of carotenoids produced by a species of Brevibacterium in hydrocarbon media. Bull Chem Soc Jpn,1971,44 :481 484 [ 16 ] Tanaka A, Kato K, Fukui S. Studies on the formation of vitamins and their function in hydrocarbon fermentation. IX. Production of carotenoids form hydrocarbons by Brevibacterium. J Ferment Technol,1971,49 :778 791 [ 17 ] Saperstein S, Starr M P. The ketonic carotenoid canthaxanthin isolated from a colour mutant of corynebacterium michiganense. Biochem J, 1954, 57 : 273 275 [ 18 ] Reddy C C, Hamilton G A,Madyastha K M. Biological oxidation Systems. San Diego : Acadamic Press,1990 [ 19 ] Armstrong G A. Eubacteria show their true colors : Genetics of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis from microbes to plants. J Bacteriol, 1994,176 :4795 4802 [ 20 ] Sandmann G. Carotenoid biosynthesis in microorganisms and plants. J Biochem,1994,223 :7 24 [ 21 ] Norihiko Misawa, Susumu Kajiwara, Keiji Kondo. Canthaxanthin biosynthesis by the conversion of methylene to keto groups in a hydrocarbon 2carotene by a single gene. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1995,209 (3) :867 876 The Production of Canthaxanthin Shentu Xuping Zheng Yuguo ( Institute of Bioengineering,Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014) Abstract Canthaxanthin,one of the carotenoids,can be used as food colorants and antioxidants. The prospect of its application in food and medicine industry is very extensive. The current situation of production and application of canthaxanthin is introduced. All of this offers references to research and development of canthaxanthin. Key words Carotenoids Canthaxanthin