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2007 7 July 2007 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING 24 4 Vol. 24 No.

1 July 2007 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING 24 4 Vol. 24 No. 4 : (2007) , (, ) :,,, : ; ; ; : TQ920 :A Advances in Astaxanthin Production by Phaffia Rhodozyma Fermentation SUN Nai2xia, ZHAO Xue2ming (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin , China) Abstract :Astaxanthin is a high2value2additive, which has wide applications in food, medicine and cosmetics. Phaffia rhodozyma is one of the microorganisms which produce natural astaxanthin. In this paper, the research advances and methods in breeding and fermentation optimization of Phaffia rhodozyma are summarized. Furthermore, strategy was proposed to solve the problems in large2scale commercial production of astaxanthin. Key words : Phaffia rhodozyma ; astaxanthin ; breeding ; fermentation optimization (3,3 2 24,4 2 2, 2 ),, [1 ],, [2 ],,, 2000 FDA,, :,, (DCW) ( gπg),, [3 ],,,,Igene, Igene, (DCW) : : (NSFC ) ; 973 (2003CB716003) : ( ),,, :, : (022) ,E2mail edu. cn

2 mgπkg,, 1,,,, DNA , [3 ],,, [4 ], 60 Co 137 Cr Namkyu sun [5 ] 3 kgy, gπg gπg [6 ] 315 kgy (NTG),, Lewis [7 ] NTG NTG gπg 600 gπg [13 ] NTG Fang [8 ] NTG, 565 gπg 1516 gπg ( EMS), benomyl,, Calo [9 ] 232 %, gπg EMS ( 20 % 40 %) [3 ] 11113, 1) :,,,, (DPA) 2 Namthip [10 ] DPA, molπl molπl DPA, 475 gπg 914 gπg Sanpietro [11 ] DPA : molπl, 2, molπl,, 2 2, 2 C23 C24, molπl 2, Lewis [7 ] CBS672210, NTG 2 NTG2327, 3, gπg 2) : ( FPP), Johnson [12 ] A (HMG2CoA) ( ),, Compactin Lovatatin Lovatatin, gπg, % 3) : Schroeder [14,15 ],,, A [3 ] b2c1,,, 4 gπl 3 %, [16 ] O 3 Π 10 20

3 24 4 : 341 min 2terthienyl,,An [17 ],, (Quantitative Flow Cytometry) (Cell Sorting) , gπg 112,,, Prevatt [18 ] ( Trichoderma harzianium), Novozymes Novozyme234, 1 2 gπl [19 21 ] 1992,Chun [22 ], gπg, gπg,, ( < ) Santopictro [23 ] ( Cryptococcus laurentii) ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae),,, [19 ], [4 ], 9714 % [21 ] ,: [24 ], [25 ], Wang [26 ], Agrobacterium aurantiacum crt, ( IPP) Archaebacterium GGPP, 1125 mgπg,,, ,Verdoes [24 ], [27,28 ] crtyb, GGPP, 2, [24 ],ast 2, P450 [28 ], NADH Fe 2 +, 2, Adrio [29 ] LiAc, Hyg R Pleo R Km R, Km R G418,, PGH21,, ( DNA ) Πg 1997,Wery [30 ] PGH21 rdna, PGB2Ph9 rdna,, DNA ( < Πg) ppr2t (gpd), Km R

4 , Πg DNA,, PEG, DNA, [29 ] PEGΠ [30 ], (electroporation), DNA Rubinstein [31 ], LiCl, V 50 F 2 000, Πg DNA, Verdose [32 ] crtyb ( ), 2, crti ( ), 2,, : 211, ph Johnson [33 ] : 20 22, ph 510,,, 30 mmolπ(l h),, 2 Meyer [34 ] ph, Yamane [35 ] (CΠN), CΠN Crabtree, (45 gπl), [36 ] CΠN,, ;, 120 h, 30 gπl, 2116 mgπl 720 gπg Ramirez [37 ] ph,,, 811 mgπl, 92 % 212, Parajo [38 ], 0107 h - 1, 0147 gπg, mgπkg Harrd [39 ] 10 %, 3,,, Fang [8 ] NCHU2FS301 :, mgπl, = 1 1 ( ),, 213 Calo [9 ] 1 gπl, 300 % Flores2Cotera [40 ], molπl, 3,,,,,

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