HDS * - : (RIPI) tajerianm@ripi.ir HDS CoMo/γ-Al 2O 3 - o C (trickle bed).. - h -1 (LHSV) - bar g nl/l (H2/Oil). HDS. HDS.. kj/mol HDS. : HDS -. (Hydrodesulfurization) HDS. H 2 S : [ ] R SH + H 2 R H + H 2S ( ) ١
HDS. H 2 S.[ ].. ( ) [ ] HDS -. (HDS). HDS (promoter)..[ ] HDS HDS ( ). (γ ).[ ] [ ] :( ) ٢
..[ ]. (- ppm). HDS ULSD KF-757 Akzo Nobel [] (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) (Gas Condensate) HDS..[]... ( ). -. - ( o C) (wt%) (ppm) (vol%) -γ CoMo KF-757 HDS. ( ) ( ). KF-757 - (m 2 /g) (cc/g) (A o ) (MPa) (g/cc) ٣
KF-757 - (mass%) (mass%) - HDS ( ).. ppm : - hr -1 :(LHSV) - bar : - o C :.. (DMDS). HDS - DMDS... H 2 S H 2 S DMDS...[ ] :.(Film Diffusion) (Pore Diffusion). (products) (Reactants).[] (D=1.3 و L=5mm) HDS. (18<mesh<25) (LHSV). ( ) ( ). ( ). HDS (LHSV). ( ). ۴
HDS ( ). Conv Percent 100 99.5 99 98.5 98 97.5 97 96.5 96 95.5 95 1 2 3 4 5 LHSV(1/hr) Actual size(d=1.3,l=5mm) 18<mesh<25-100 Conv Percent 99 98 97 96 95 1 2 3 4 5 LHSV(1/hr) Catalyst 10CC Catalyst 5CC -. HDS -.[] (Arrhenius) [] : (Power Low) ۵
dc = kc ( ) dt. n k t C.[16] Plug (axial dispertion) (trickle bed).[] L Mears > 50. dp.[] : ( ).[] ln ( C f / CP ) = k / LHSV : n=1 ( ) : [] ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 n 1 n n 1 C p C f C P n 1 1. h k = LHSV ( ) n h 1 ( wt %) 1 HDS k LHSV C f : k = k o exp( E / RT) ( ) R K T kj/mol E k o 1 ( ) ( ) Plug. kj/mol K LHSV.[16]. - h -1 LHSV KF-757 HDS. nl/l o C bar H 2 /Oil. ( ) ( ). HDS. 1 LHSV ( ) ۶
Reaction Order n=1.3 30 25 R 2 = 0.9907 20 15 10 5 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Reaction Order n=1.4 R 2 = 0.989 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1/LHSV, h 1/LHSV, h Reaction Order n=1.5 90 80 70 R 2 =0.9603 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6-0.8 1/LHSV, h - n= n= n= R 2 k o ( ) H LHSV - o 2 /Oil C HDS.. nl/l bar h -1 1. ( ) E/R ln(k) ( ) T. ( ) ln( k o ) k o. * KJ/mol ٧
ln(k) Reaction Order n=1.3 4 3.5 y = -9.3284x + 18.96 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 1/T*1000, K n= - ( HDS) -... HDS. HDS. kj/mol ( )...[] (kj/mol) HDS - Pseudo first ( o C) - - - - - - Bej et al 4 Yui and Ng 33 Diaz-Red et al 3 Yui and sanfond 34 Ferdous et al. 16 ( ). (order of magnitude) ٨
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