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<., % H% "' G ). E 4 3 detuning [Hz] 2 1 without compensation with compensation 1 fill time µs constant gradient 2 1 1 2 time [µs] ƒ R ˆ_Š * * RŸŠ.ª_ Ž _ƒ R& % Šlš %ˆ_Š." m %ˆŠƒ«Š.«& ˆ_Š* Š.žªƒ «ˆƒ Š Ž Em %Ÿ ƒ Ÿ ªŠ.««Š. ƒ @ž~ %ŸŠˆ Ž _ƒ R ƒªœ Š ˆ_Š* Š.ž «Š _ ƒ % l Š %Š. Šˆ Ž _ƒ «Šƒ %«ƒ R RŸŠ.ª_ Ž _ƒ R *ž Š&Ÿƒ Š *Š. Š. ˆƒ _ Šˆ. Š %Š. Šˆ Ž _ƒ Ž E %Ÿ %ˆ %«ƒ Š." lƒc ŠŒ ^ / šœ4@š.. ƒ @ž ƒª% * 2 ŠeŸ ªŠeª ˆ _ ˆ_Šeƒªlª ƒ R ˆ_Š *Ž "*4% *4) E 3.. /) " %4 7 ]/ 3 3 7 *4 3H /) ". 3 *6% U E 7 ]/3 " 2D E 7<]/.E 3 C1 %.E.2 *4% % "&2 ). E. *43.')%3 2D%. E " 1 " *4) 1. % 1*4), " 2*4) " 2D E')D. 3 ')3/ " *4 ) E 3 )2) @E. "H*4% *4). &3*4., 3/ *4 E,4)2% 1 *4., 3 3 " G ). E@ 8 2@., G/. * 7 *]/33. @'% *43@. 3) 3 3%4 ") @.E 3.. " * 3 3. *4) ' *43 1" 2D E 3 * "* /) ". ) $, G/. *. >/]/33. % H *43 )" 2D2 E]) E)* 3*43 *4% % >$ ]/ < ]/. ] ' *4% % " 2D 1 *.32 "7 ]/' D1 E. %.E 3 3. 7 ]/ 323. % *4 23 3 2*4 *4.@
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> H% 3 <. H., )" H3,. ). a) ~ ~ transmission line t C 1 load g 1 generator circulator t t coupler 1:n cavity R b) L C 1 g ~ 1 R e ƒ R ˆ_Š * «Š. % \ &ª_ƒ R ŠŠ.. ƒ @ž R Ÿ Š.«%Š. Šˆ Ž %ˆ*ž & R Ÿ Šˆ %«Œ ˆ %ª_&ƒª_ª_ƒ Rƒ Š% l2 % R " ^ % Šƒ ˆ Ž %ˆ Šl %Š. Šˆ Ž %ˆƒª/ % /.ž ª^ R %«Š.«ƒ Š ƒÿš.«%š ƒÿƒ Š.«. ƒ @ž «Š.ƒ _ƒ _ƒ R ªe %Š. Šˆ Ž %ˆ ˆ_ˆ_Š." Š Š Šˆ % R %«ƒª ˆ %ª %ˆŠ.«& Šj. ƒ @žª_ƒ«šl % { Šj R Ÿ Šˆ, R 1*. U..E % " % 7 2*43% ). E*4) 2 <).77 " 2 %2/ 3 E 7 > 7 $ 7 $ >, %%.E. <) $ < <).777R " N ')8G$R " @@ "&23% @ % 3 & %.E) * " )%& 2 * 3% 1 ). E' H" *4*4 1 ). E%* <) $7R <).777R %@" 2 E@ % *43.2 ). E. * $ <).77> ] *42% ). E.22., &*4) " 2D E'.E 3 2D " 2% *43. *4*4/." ) %2D%. E " 44. 2D%. E " " ). E' % * 3 ). E * E 2 *43%. * * ** 3 2)
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& U G 4h O.r bg. @. O@ 71 @1 G G, c 1. * G Ge1 1@ O,G b. 4 TG.f@G.ž Š@. ", a*,, G, ",t Š O@. U G,, c k 1.L kc Df O@ R 4 " hi.g @ " " [@>1@ \ c 4 " \ c $ / 4 " a G \ c a G [ a G a G 2 4 E Ž G @,..,,,."b1e, G, 1..*: j Š @ >@, ^f Gž O@.. @a :1 : G k O@k O :1 C71.@ G G @1G. G. U.r1 @. "ˆ.[ "G Š@.GŽ f., @ G " GG G.,G CED C C71 O l @G..b@ >.j. CED @ G U. @, 1Ž c.1ž@,c1 O@ * "O O @. "j"ž@ G hi.g @ G. [ Š@ 1@G. œ G q$ š \ / ^ 2O2O2 ^ ^ 2O2O2 ^ ^ 2O2O2 2 4 E c 1. hi, @ ^ G.l@ / ^ @ G : b. G 1 a., G, ŽL GLL.. Š, "G [/ @..Gf1@ O@G.f@ O@ $ \ 4 / E" \" 2O2O2 ^ / / 2O2O2 ^ / / 2O2O2 ^ %$ j G " > k..g 1@ l1@. O@ $ \ / / \&" 2O2O2 ^ / $ 2 4 E%' Ž / G/ G,., G G.G i 4 E.@. @. " 4 " 4 @. @ G : ^ Ga U.r1 O@jG " GG. c O @ [ 1@ O@ c \ G q$ ^Ÿ ^ c $ ^ \ ^i G q$ 2 4 E 6 Hc)U.G<@G. @. "r @ \ $ @1 c C. O@G ",:1N O @ [ \ \" ª«ª«ª / ^ / / 2O2O2 ^ %$ 2 4 E 4 1, c au. @ > L l1@, G, k Š @ @. "G c \ G q$ ^Ÿ ^ c ^ \ ^i G q$ 4 E1³. O@*@, @. " \ 2 4 E
4. G l1 L bg @.. O... cavity 1 cavity 2 cavity cell 1 cell 2 cell N c cell N c 1 cell 2N c cell 1)N 1 cell N c L C L 1 L C 2 L C N L C L C c N 1 2N N c c c 1 C 1,2 2... C 2,3 N c N c 1... C N C C N 1,N c c N,N c 1 c 1,N c 2 c 2N c C 2N 1,2N c c C 2N,2N 1 c c... 1)N 1 c c... N C N 1,N c c c C N c "%$'&")*& ",./12234/"687 "%$':)"< >3"& '$@)'% ')8C 3'&&
\ D. h D ² G 4h O.r bg. @. O@, cku k., G, hi.g @ l 1@ Š a G V\ 2 4 E 1. i. c. / @ f@. c O@ @ ), @ 1 @. "G ^Ÿ ^ c ^ \ ^i G q$ c ^ \ G q$ 4 E U. @ "G Š@.G \ / / \" 2O2O2 ^ / ^ / %$ 2 4 ' Ž ŸG, i,,, G 1, L c. G @ GŠ [@ ^r G> U.b1 O@ G " GG, @1RC L O ehi.g C@ 4 "«³ c ' ^Ÿ ª«ª«ª ^Ÿ ^Ÿ ^Ÿ c ' ^Ÿ ^Ÿ c ' ^Ÿ ^Ÿ ^Ÿ ª«ª«ª ^Ÿ c ' 4 'T a, G, < 1.G Š.GC@. [ G. C cau k: j 4 " 4 @ 4 'T @ i G G. "$%"&'*)$. l. @. O",c,/ 1 k G,.G@. l., G, ck : j Š. Š@. "r4 E.,,>@ e G :.. l : G$ G au. $. G É G. O" Œ: G., G,,. 1@ c >. Gi @. O[.aG @.. Š µ, "G,,.G @. O" G.gj.l.G<@r4 E U.r1 4 E G " GG.@ G. k Ga O l1$@ 1, @.G j@, @. "Gl1@. @. "Ž4 " 4 "O œ \ ^ G /,./ ^ / 21 \ / 2O2O2 4 '[, \ /. G, G. / 2O2O2O2.@ hi.gµ@ @ 1i c </,C1 G O" 1@G "G. *š œ fg., Ÿc LL µl7. µ @. G O" «4 '[ @ G.G 1k@. G1 @. " / ž i G 1, G.G O@ O"@.. G.. [a1n@ @,7.GG <@ 1.G G,.G1:@. [ <.. @.G Š@ \ & \ c / ^43687 / 21 2 4 '' ± ±±± ± ±±±± ±± ±± ±± ±
U U ' U h U ' ³ h \ G L bg. o 4. l1 @. O, l G, G hi.g /@ GŠ<,7...Gk.G O@ "G @ rg,7 G..G :@ 1N,7 Oj.G G.Gf1 i. 1 G 1, @. G Œ:.@ U. [,."G.G "[ @ @.G i. O" g G, ): b T. 4 E,G i@ G.,, 1. @ hyé O @, G 1 G G G,f1 ".G L7. T G, 1 G f O b@ Oµ1l O @G.,j,G GG O U. k: j )1 @ : G /,L C1., c [:. O " 1 G fl7 G, GC1 G j@ @. GG,., G.. O Š.G.GG " O@.C@ G.C@ @ ŸL7 G, c. < G@ L7 G,L.G)1@ O i@ Šr1V@ [C g G / \.@ G 1 f.i@ @.G 1@ O O@ GG O U.Ÿ,...G@b4 E :1 @ l@ @ < )1 k G 1Ož G 1@. l. G71. C: j r@, G. 1, ) 1 G 1ž@ G " GG O U. <.@ G, G.$ L G 1N@ 1.G: @.G V@ GŠµ1 :U.f1 Ÿ,GO O@,."L C.GG " O.L@ GG, G.. @ G, U.C1 O @ @G. 4 ',G GG O U. i.@ G CG. 1 N G @ @.G G.. hyé. G O"., [ Š@.i 4 " 4,.G*@ Š..G@ 4 C1, 4 >,.. 4 'T GO @.G ch @O f@ G, j /. [ Š@ @ G, j G. G, 1 G @. "b @. " T g ŽLU ³ @.VG ",O@O G.G,7 C, U. 1.G )@ @O GG *.@ G *G. O 1>@ @.G.Ž@ ^ Gf1 GG,, G, a. O G " OC.ž,."G. ku [ G, G,O@O @ GŠ l1@ c@ 1@ C1., [ 4 76 @.GG " O.) @ 1 fg. G @ G,, @. " @r@ @ G.G 1/@ G.*. "G. 4 4 @ G 1 GG O G " O œ œ. G. 1 G.,G hhé GL O@. O@, G 1,,C1. @ G @. "Ž1>@ $D G " OŽO., @ @ G G. a. l> G O@C@ É O@ c @. * <,G c@ <@, [, 1@ Gj1. C., G @. " ggg @.[. @ GŠ,71 O@G. \ 8L 1 @ G.G1@ O@ a GG G,,, O G " O". 4 4,G L@ G /U. 1 G ".G. @. "1 @ G " O" " " " C. / @ au. O@ i" c kgšu.. ŸU. b G " Of.> T bl7 f:1.žu. 1 @ @ G " O L@ 1@ [C1Ÿ@ GG jced G 1 O @ GG, c) GL /CED G U. O. Nhi.G *O U., C71 @ >@ ). O. G. O b@ O@j@ G.".GŸ T 1N@ 1rOi,G.@1G./ jc. ) ŠaG " O" k. G )1 Š@. "j.:@ @ O > @ *Œ:, <, Š@. " G, ³.e1 [@O j@ G,O@OOj1 Š @ *.GG " O@ :.j@ GG.@ G c*gšu b > > @ 1l@ @.G C G,O@OO Š@ O @ G " Of1 [f O@ œ œ \ ^ 2 4 '16
4h O G.r bg @.. O@. model: mode 1 C64: mode 1. model: mode 2 C64: mode 2 v n v n. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. model: mode 3 C64: mode 3. model: mode 4 C64: mode 4 v n v n. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. model: mode C64: mode. model: mode 6 C64: mode 6 v n v n. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. model: mode 7 C64: mode 7. model: mode 8 C64: mode 8 v n v n v n... 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell model: mode C64: mode 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell f j) [Hz]. 131 13 12 128 127 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell model C64 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 T1 mode 687 ' "%$'8" ) 6, 3'&&)'% %" )**3'&& )& $' " "%$' ) )&&)2'$ /" */") $')& )'% 6 " )&&) " @ ')'$ )& $ "& ' ")'% 8 ) & "22'$ 3"$ 2"" 2"$)& ' )' 2"$1 )&)2'$ ) $32*1" 2"@$2 *) & $'8" ' "%$' 3'&&&%8"2@) )2)$)3'1 ' 1" 3'&& )&))%*",.&2" " ) )&&)2'$/ 1 * 2 *34 76 /8, 1 82 7:< )$ ')'$@687 ' / '
4. G l1 L bg @.. O field amplitude v n ).33.334.333 1 2 3 4 tuned cell 1: 1 khz cell 2: 1 khz cell 3: 1 khz cell 4: 1 khz cell : 1 khz.332 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell 4 )&&)2'$ '&$*) & $ "& /")3'& ) "%$*)6, 3'&& )'% '8 ) 2'& '32'$@3'&&<$ '$$3 1 * :< / 1 * 2 * igšu ca GL., G 1,,C1. @ G Ž GO@."C1, @ c @ %1 G ž1 O G. O@ 4 '16.[@ [7e@ )@.GG " O. 1 C1. @. " @ µ G,., G.CG. l @. "G1>@.cG G,.G @. O"V@ G,O@OO Š@ G. / " @ 1:.. O @ @ µu G,.GG> 4 «³ 4, 71< Š@O G " b. / G >@ cÿu f@ G,O@OO f @.,7 O@ @ 1k @ @ c@.gg " O< G,O@OOL. 1 @. " @, l1 hi.g k @ GG ig... O G " O/1 @. O [V @,,,ž.gl. "b@g.> c / @. "G @ G,O@OO* Š@ @ G D C @. " ' 6 2 ^ 2 4 ' 4 1, 1 C1. :1 @ 4 '16 4 ' 4 " G,., G @. "G1/@ G 1. Š 8. : 1, G,. 71,. G GŠ i@.gg " O,l@. O@@ G.GG
4h O G.r bg @.. O@ [%] m ean amplitude homogeneity m ax ) v n ) n ) v ) 1...8.8.7.7.6.6.. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 detuned cell * )&&)2'$,, "%$ ) & $ " "' @" ) 6 7, 3'&&)'% / 1 * 2 * 8 )3'&&1$ '$ 3 * :<)@3'&&1)1$ '$$ %$)&&) 2" $22, 3" ) & $" "' ",, "%$ [%] mean amplitude homogeneity max ) v n ) n ) v ) 1 8 7 6 4 a) 3 2 4 6 8 1 1) detuning of cells σ [ khz ] f number of cavities 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 b) 6 7 8 1 amplitude homogeneity ) v ) n mean ) v ) n max 8' ) )&&)2'$ )'),, "%$)& $""' /"6 ", 3'&&)', ' 8 $ '$ 3'&& / 1 * 2 * )'$ ) 3'&&/ ' ) " )&&) $22)2'$ 22) "": " "' @/"*****)'% '8 @3'&&8$ '$'3 1 8* :< [%]
4. G l1 L bg @.. O x 1 3 3. inhomogeneity sensitivity [1/kHz] i 3 2. 2 1. 1. 1 1 2 2 3 number of cells per cavity )&&)2'$,, "%$ " "' @2 % @) 3 "@" 3'&&1 C 1)'% &/ 1 * 2 *3 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< inhomogeneity sensitivity i [1/kHz] x 1 3 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 1/2k 1/2k ) c @ )&&)2'$,, "%$ " "' 2 % ) 3 " " 3'&&,.2", 3'&& 3"&3"2) /"8), 3'&& )'% 4 6 /8, 1 82 :<
Ẅ \ ` " ` \ \ D & \ \, š, mln G 4h O.r bg @. prqtsuvawyx>zau uu{tuvcg~$qtxcv. O@ C@G., Š@. "L@.* l1@ L>G @ G [ [ : b O,C1 @G "G. š GŠ@."G1 G @ œ š.u. 1,i D,,kck> O @, r G Š@ Šš œ E @ 8: 4 b ³ œ Šš œ & š c.g b4 '"³ 4 ' ŽkU %$ Šš œ µš œ ` Ž 2O2O2 f 1@, D 1l 1 @ C1. @ G,. kc @. "Gc1 @ G '& \ \,cc GV hi "G, 4 '.[@b4 ' T@ \ Šš œ œ š G @ f. /, r 1 @ @ @ [@ @. "G> @ ` 1,ŸC ž1.ž, G ",, G / ) G k1 O O,.G & Šš œ. GG ž1. @ œ š ^ & ` \ 1,.[@ @ Ÿ @ /@ G 4 '"³ G. l G 2 4 ' Šš œ @ G " [@ œ š 4 ', 1, LlG @ @ G D [ G,."C [@ œ >, c @, a, 1 @. hi.g G @ [@ @. "Ž4 au., 1$ < D ³ @ <: b >.f@ 1 Oµ.[@ [@ @. "µ @ O @. "µ1@ ) a. 1 k G c. 1@ G O"Ÿ [i1@ @G """ OL1@, :ž1. 1. @ G ", Š@. Ž. G [C1.,,."C.f Š@. "4 4 ± ± ² 2 4 ' žu. " @Ÿ@ N..G @.G ", >.Ž4 ' 2 4 76 ŽŸU @ l@ G GG Ÿž1. 1.G 1 L: j. @ @ ", l G., l" [ 1c@ @G """ Oj1c@ 1 GG ž @ k1 O. [ Š@ 1ž "[ / @, GG k D 1R 1, G.G @ <@ @.[,C.G.G & Šš œ œ š \ œ œ * 2 4 76G
š š \ ' š & \ š \ & ^ \ š ^ \ \ ^ ` š " ` h, 3 h 8:, œ 1.G >.e@ / D 1 @. [ G Š@ & GŠ@." GLC @ O k: j @. "b1 @. "f"@ :.,,C1 k: j @ G @ :. &e,j G@ >@ ³ k71 @ š V b G G. GŠ@."GLš l @. < š Ẅ G, L b1 4 4%, NaG..i@ @. O O@ 1 G š GŠ@."Gfš š 1@ œ G & 1, <@ l1@ œ,, 1.G.G.,".Gf & G1@ \ 3 2 4 76"6. /: j :U. O %$ L G1 4. ³ O š. š. GL 1> l.... $@ > G 1.[. [@l @. œ 1. š l.e@ [ O.>"O 4 GaŒ>., m [ @. " G cÿu 1 Ÿ Ÿ @ @ @G """ O<1 @. [ Š@ @ @. " 4 " 4 @ Šš œ œ \ m, bc G G, G @, G «1, 71, 1 "G, @ @ a GŠ @ @ GŠ @ G D C @. " ` ` ^ ' G & ^ 4 76 ` '),, G `G c,, G G &.:@ GŠ @. " @," G GŠµ1 @ ') @, G 1. c L, 1e @ GŠ". µ@g. @ k G & [@ @. " 4 ' @ œ * %$ 2 4 76 ' ') `, c / hi.g 1.*, 1 U,G GL 1 @ c ] [@ @. "Gl1 >..[ @. ", @G. @ : j @ G, [ U.Ž1 GG O a., G, Š e g > 1 :1 @ r.g L G D C < G D @. "r @,G, 1, G 1 G,. cu "Ž,G$ [@,.µ@ 1 " [@ @. "4 ³ @,Ÿ./@ N /: j [@ @. "4 76 ' :U.b [ )1 GG. GLC k G k: j O 1e. @. "*" @ l1@ L 4 '"³. 4 76 4 4 76[³ G G 1r @ c l Š@. " <@ O G D C L@ &..,.G @ NŸ, 4 76 1 G. 71 @. "µ.i @O.@. œ ' G
U h " ` \ " ` ^ ` ' ^ " ` š G 4h O.r bg. @. O@, <, G L.@ G k G..a@.@. T GŠ 1c@ G* @.G @. O O@ @.G. [ Š@ œ \ ^ c 2O2O2 4 76 <@ 1. k1. k G @ k@ @.Ž "Ÿ G., k 1@ k" [ 1 f G 1l@ @G """ O 1ž@ *. jh @O µ@ @. " 4 2 76 GL 1N G G L: b.. k @ G 1. ag. b7 G,L @. U. O" [@N1G@ U.c1 ED 1,c 1. "G:@ O.,L @ G, G.GŸ g. 1 @ G, G l 1,,C1. <ž1.n "@ ", G. µ@ ", f k @G.a "G [ 1 GG @ G,, %$ O @ [ \ / 1 1. @ @., @. "*1l4 76 '. \ 4 76, \ 1.ž@.GO@ " O@. " \ i œ 2 4 76 ') & G.l. Gl G k: b ž.,,,."1 @ : Ga1 GG G.. O c. @. O" @.Gg c 1., G G C@G. @L, G, G /U. @ Œ: Š U. @C @ i G " O O@> G.GG@ G, [i @ "[ L@ c Š@. "C1 @G.g cc:. G 71 au.b1 ".L@G. O@L@ GG O ž., G, Š mln aw wy~ G G G D,.i1V Oj O.>@ U.,,C1 G G,. Ž " 4 b 1N@,Gl O, i. ž1$ @G "G. GŠ@."G/4 ³ " 1T @ @. "j4 6 LžG @ @ G D [ G ž1.n D 1 1 @ /G G,."L cc [@Nh:.[.G Gk1 ", @ O., @ O. GG O 1$.b, 1 G [@ @. "G)4 ³ @ 1 "%$&'*),/.1&23"%..423)6&87cGŠU.. @.Gµ "G [µ4 G,G<, 1 6 O 1Ÿ " f: j [@ @. "G4 @ : <>@CEDGHDLNODN@R HTU@VDU> DN R Ž c,,,g @ @G. @. " 1. @1L G, Œ: U. ". <@ a µ@, G O [< 71, O 1 1 4 T Ÿ. Oj ", O@ GŠµ @, G, c<> @C@ @ GŠ hi.g 1 \ 3\ %$ C1G< > 1.G [ ) G `[ D C U,G:, 1 @. "f@l. : [@ @. " 4. ³ @ [ 1 GG,C1: j >1 O [@ @G "G GG: G O. š œ )G. 1 G * 1 @. OC @ @. "4 " 4. [ Š@ œ G *: j. 1 š, @ GG O U. k, : b i G <G. @ L1 [ l1 @. O" @O b@ *@ GG. c< : <>@CED O [@ 1@ @
D D h, U h c 1.G 71 >: j VU. <@G.N Š@. ",.,,V@ < @ N1, G, $DT 1 c. G., G, "G, @ É Š. G Ž 7.GG :, G, G, " @, "G @ @V @G. Š "<@ @ 1$1@, G, < Š. GL @ ".GG.G, @ a@, G, Š. U.b1 Š j G " GG /.@ G c G f: j O ž1@ @.G T 4 E 4 'T @ @ @ 1l@ O 71 au. @ [@l 4 [ G, k, G U.b1. 4,G >@ @.G GG. @, G <. G O G, 1c GŠ@." 1@ @ GŠ" Ÿ @ k, 1c@G. amplitude cell 1) [d] 4 2 1 2 π π 3 π 4 π π 6 π 7 π π π π π π π π 2 4 6 1 1 1 4 4 8 π 8 π π π π π amplitude cell 1) [d] 2 2 4 6 8 127 128 128 12 12 13 13 f g [Hz] 8 127 128 128 12 12 13 13 f g [Hz] "2'$'2")3 21'32 " 687 "%$'4), 3'&&<122, %" 22')$ 2)2 )& $ " '&$ 3'&& ) ) 3 " " / "8 $ %8 )2" 1 * 2 *3 1 32 * 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< & / $ ) / ) & "22'$ /" ) 13"$3 223 1 32 1* 1 * 8') $@"8 ) / ) /" ) 1223)"" 2' 1) 1 32 * 1 * 4 E, G, 71 /. Š GG 8 O HDLNODN@R HT@VD > : j H EDRUHT %@ODN @, @, *: j <U. µg. Ž U,G, [ @. @. O" 1 L 1 Ÿ GŸ1 @ @. "Gk4 76 ' @ GG, O [@ 1@, 1, 1. [ @. "G O [7 mln )u { Ÿƒ u{lgu~nzÿ lg~$guqtu tzw a q Ÿzau{ ), @," G,G Š. i 1, G, G, " Š@.Gf Š \ " " G.k @ G,,7 k G i"@."[:, @,G : G, G, Š.l,G j G. Š @ G, \ µ,. :hi.,, Oi.> @ É, G, : j Ÿ G G r Š,." " ^ " ^ OOO ^ G G G. / \ G ) O@ \ G 7,c 1 g 1@ 1@ c7%,, @O," @ @," @, G.GG1@ GŠL.G/1
U D h D D D U D U ' D G 4h O.r bg. @. O@ G @ C1...e @ @ G.Gk1 @ G. Nhž @ G, C,, @," G «,, G c, G G,."G [ " @ )1ž@ GŠ V GG1 1@ L @ G, U G, k G N 4 TG@ >@ / ^ \ ).@ G :.. &.ž@ @.G G1@ \ 3 *), 71 œ @O.@. 3 G 1.. : j G..V@, ^ G. 1ž@ É, G, L Š hi @ G.Gb1ž@ 1. 2 ε^1 / ε^n relative amplitude 1...8.8.7.7 phase of [deg] ε^n 1 1 1 1 1 4.6 1 1 18 1 1 18 cell cell "2'$ 22')$ 2)2 '& "1 3" ") '$, 3'&&1223 1 * 2 *3 1 32 * 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< 1 32 * 4$ @" '2")3$ ) * '&$ )& $ @3'&& %"@) )& $ )$ )2 ": 687 3" /" $ %$)&<3'&& /" ) 13"$3223 1 * )$ /"8) 1223)"" 2' 1) 1 *., G cku U.j1 l GŠ" G " G. GG G O c @G.. G " Š@.GC, G, Š Ÿhž @ G, G C :@.".G. f@ " ^Ž " ^ ^ G, «G O@ G a1. G @ GG O U. G@1G LU G, L "G, " 4 T. µ@g. /. 1 [7 Ž@ GG O U. L7 G,C. @ G,., G U.j1 @a @ G G " G. GG O > " " G.a @ G, g G, ³. 4 f1,g @ GG O U. C: j G,. )1l@ 1. / ", É, G, 1, 1 G 1,)C Š i., [ G, Š@ 4 " 4 O@ @ 4 'T Š 1 1.G @ GG O U. *. G,. 1 É O 4 E @ É, G, Š $O/.Ÿ @ V@ U. G G,. G 1 @ É.V :., 1L.. " 1@. [ Š@ 1@ É O" «@ @ k, G G G,.G G 1 > G, G.G)@. T. G 1@, G. É e@ G 1.G G k 1@ É O" @ GŠ1.a,GO O@,."µ G " ^ G)1 GG O U.. 1 )U G, @G. j.gg " O" 4 1, G, @ 4 ' h.eg ",O@O G.G \ ^,7 U. 1.G k@ GG O 1R@ ^ G.. G c @ CU. 1.L@G.c ž.l@ É O" c@ GG CG. 1, 1. O 1ž@ OŽ "[.G.G@ "RO
h 4 E, Š G, 71 /. O GG Vo. mode 1 mode 2. mode 3 mode 4 v n v n.. 1 1 18 cell mode mode 6.. 1 1 18 cell mode 7 mode 8 v n v n.. 1 1 18 cell mode mode 1.. 1 1 18 cell mode 11 mode 12 v n v n. 1 1 cell. mode 13 mode 14.. 1 1 18 cell mode 1 mode 16 v n v n v n.. 1 1 18 cell mode 17 mode 18 f j) [Hz] f. 13 12 128 1 1 18 cell. 127 1 1 18 1 18 cell T1 mode 8*% 687 ' "%$' "), 3'&&%1223 %"*) 3'&& )& $' "4 "%$'*)*)&&)2'$ /" ' /"*) '$ 1223 1 * 2 *3 1 32 2* 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< %8"2):4"& " 3'&& :687 '&$ )& $' " )$ " '&$ "& 8)& "*)'% ) :68)&' )3" '32'$$3 &' 2" $ &2" "@) )&&)2'$ ' / '., G G l1. 1,,7 Ÿ, O.G T@ @O ^ U.1 GG 1,a c, O 1@G.l 1. c O. f, 1 G. @, @. " 4 76 1l@, 71 C [@ @. "4 76 ' @. @ [ L: j G [@)1ž@. /1ž@
U U 4h O G.r bg @.. O@ 1. 1.4 cell 1 to : 1 khz cell : khz 17) field amplitude v n * 18 1.3 1.2 1.1 1..8.7.6 1 1 18 cell % )&&)2'$ '&$ ) & $ "& /":)3'& ) ' "%$4 ) $ '$, 3'&&41223 %" ) ) & $ "& ' /" ) 223$8 ) & $ '$ 3'&&)$ /" ) 223'8 ) $ '$ )'% $1 * 2 *3 1 32 * 4 6 /8, 1 82 :<, G,,ž f Š " @. [ Š@ œ * š @ [ fu. 1 GG G1. 1 G DG1 O /1>@. O > @ G 4 76"6 Vhi. G@G.> 1@ C: j G G, L @. ".[@@. k./,g. 4 " @ @ G,C1 GG O U. G,, 1,. 4 T hi.,, V@ U. U G@1G,. "G, «G G.G l) l) amplitude a v n / ^ ε 1 1.8.6.4.2 sum of 18 modes 8/π mode 8/π pi mode π mode π π mode l) l) phase of a v n [deg] 2 1 1 1 1 1 18 1 18 cell cell "2'$ 22')$, 2)2 '& "13" <")4 '$, 3'&& 1223 ) "" 2' 1) 1 * 2 *3 1 32 * 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< 1 * $ " '2")3 ) * '&$ )& $8 3'&& %" )687 )& $*3" 3 " 3'&&/" $" ) 687 "%$' )$$ " ":)&&:687 )'% @ "%$'& "22'$3") 2"
h \ h h CHTER 6 " $$ &% >n u'aq uwyuvcg{ xcv w a q Ÿzau&)ˆxcwyxsuvŸuq " G71..@ : j L G rg. G. 1 U.1 @ @.G. 1 @. O,G GG 1.. 1 ž 1, O..@ G.ž ž [ CED f "O [ž1@ 1C@ @.G" 1@ Of. @ 7% G Œ:rU. 1L 1GU.<..G [ O$1 G cœ: 1[C U. 1 8 c 1. " VU. Š@.G/ O@ Ÿ V.N k@ 1N,7 O@. " 1G @. * <C 1e µu. Ÿ@. O G *G µ ggg..,"g Š@).µ@.,,. " "G, @ @. Oµ.Ÿ.Ÿ @ CED G U. <: b )1 ko@ @ GG O G " Of1@ O L7 U.j1 1 GG GG. O 1@ O G " O CED G 1 GG O ³. 1 G 1 @. < 1 [7,.G [ GG,G CED G O.GG " O a@ G.) C71 /U.µ. U. ",, 1j.j1 Oe@ Ol.i j@ O@j@ G." G @1G. V., @a @ G $U. G,7% " Š@.G/ O@ @ O @ G> C1 l ž, «". O@ N1 @ [ G )CED G3 @ @1,,7 ig Š@. ".@ N,G @1 Ÿ [c1 T ' c@,." @.G [Ÿ h>4 ", @,. %' 6 k. @ 4 @, CED G [,C, EDT,,L : j /1 G ). @G. *@ [@" @ GG.@ G G@1G, i c O G " D. / Oj1N@ D <>@CED VH @.G "G, "ahi.g H / DN DN@ @ Oe @ i. c@ [4. G V ) @ G.RG " OŸ R@ gg,., G i G.Gl@ G GG O U. 1. G 1G :C G.Gl. Ÿ " @. @. "Ÿ1@ O O, 1@ @. "b 1 G ) 7,7 L C "GC @gg.gc : [7,.G @ G,. L @ " Ž@G./g )cl.v CL7 G,L f1.,,/@ [ @ G.Gj1ž@ GG O U. 1, G. c.ž @. O@ ), G, ŽC.VU C,, CGG Š G «.G @ @. "1, G,, 1 Š.. 1V@ @ 1. @ O@ *@ G L G O G.GG @G 1, L @G. [:., [.* Š@. " ³ 6
' š š ' 6 * & ³ h GG U./ b7 G,L O >n w a q Ÿzau x/ tu u~n{ uwyuvcg{ [ b G.G., T > " " 2" ') '&$ "& 8" ) " ) )'% 2 " )'% 2" 1 3'&&1/ ' )& 1')$ ED @, G.i1 GŠb1 G.GL O" @C@ " r L G j, b@..l,go.g @ 4 & c š & ^ š & 171 @,, " G œ 2 ³ 1, G L7 G, 1 ggg @ @ GG O U.. C G 1 Š " @. k. O@ @ G,. " G, L G< G j,71 C1.lL.G@ 1l71. G 4 1 G.C. ED U G, [@.G ".G "GC@ O. ³ G, 71.G. G.. @ 8:, 1, @ G, U.,.GL.*@ @ 1.e@ " L >L 1G71 >: j c G C U. @ ED c.g @.. N G.,G.G " @. ")@ O. @.G G D C > C1. L 1 71 @. " ED "*@ O. \ ^ š & \ ^ \ ' š 2 ³ ' 8:, \,C1 f k. GŸU. š š Ž.ž@ G. T GŠ@."1@ Š.. G @. "*4 ³ ' @ ž@ U. Ÿ. U.*1 1R@ Š. GGi1 O "G/@ ED il7 G,C L7 G :, G GG O..G/@. T GŠC,GO 71 71 GG. L7 G,L @ /@ :1 @ [:"O >G,C G U..T @. ".G U.LL7 G,L G jœ: @ b [)@ OŽ. O @. /. Œ: U. L7 G, L [ G " @C " 1e@.@ Ob. j ž L / [ G @G > @ G D C G,, G. @ G GŠb,GO 1. @ 1 [ G,." L7 G,, G au.b1 @ GŠb,GO 1@ GGiCED G, G ku G, O "*@," G ³ G L7 G,, G @ @ GŠC,GO L.G "G [ G.gf. @ ) k >@ G, bu.bced G ku G, T ³ >Œ:rU. 1 L7 G,<, 1@,.". O@ @ VŒ: 1 @ ŠV@a@ @,.".G @ 1 > / 1.
U * U ³ h O GG U./ b7 G,L [@ amplitude output cell) [d] 3 2. a) without bead with bead in cell 1 δf amp phase cell 1 rel. to generator) 2.8 13.24 f [Hz] 13.248 [deg] 12 1 8 6 δf ph 4 13.24 f [Hz] 13.248 g g ' 6 " $1 * "%$*2" )" )2'&) $2 ' / / $ 2" )&1')$ )"" 2' 1)" )*6 / / "'2")3 ) * ')'$ 6 )%@) " )&)28 23 )2 ) 1 )2'$ '&$ ) * b) U G, L1 k ³ @ a@ GG 1. 71, )CED G O. "Ÿ @ "G [) L7 @ G, G @, G.GC@..iG ". G,O@O µ 1 "[ Ÿ@C@G. 71,.G 1V@ GŠ,GO.,a G,O@O @ *G". @," G @ 1. 71,,, 1. L7 G,.kg G".G ". ". @ G D C G,, G G,. @ GŠL,GO 1. $hi.gk@ @. " D RN D H D 8 DG1 ³ ' G@.>"O chi. G, /L7 G, ED. U.b1 ³ ',G >@ ". Š. GG O U. k: j 1@ G.., >1 O G.G GG O G " O" 1.G 8* DN@ D. HT @VD:DN R f71 )@ "O @ G.L7 G, U. ): j.1 1$@ GG /U G,, O ³ ' lhi.g «.G<@ 4 a) 1.1 b) 3. 1. 3 1 df / 1kHz) 2. 2 1. relative amplitude...8 1.8..7 2 4 6 8 1 z [mm].7 1 7 cell ) %, ) '& '32'&$ )& $ "& " 687,, "%$4)', 3'&&)', ')$%,.&&1 ')' 1/" */"8) & $""' 4 "'21"$ 687 3'&&<) & $' "&
U ^ š ^ š * ³ h GG U./ b7 G,L b O [ G.G L 1V71..1 @b@ [ 1ž@ /.Ž,,." e@ GG O U. : j C G µg. L7 G, 1. 71.. @. O hž<@ [ 1 @ G, *: j, G,, @ GŠ 1:@.ž C1. G GN.G ".G G.G L.L VaG. c G [V Oe @. O @G. f@ 1 1@1L \ \ y & ³ 6 4 Œ> 1. @ k: j 1, G. C1..ž@ G. GŠb1@ @ G, c @. " G 1, k G, G k71b a: j :, G @. G "/ ggg e@ : G @ Š@l@. T G. l1@ O" G, f G 1,. :C D. V1@ O @, @. "<1@ @. " 4 " 4 œ \ œ 2 ³ 4, G N: j G G hi,." @ O. \ G. 2O2O2 1$ "O G,. cgšu L 1 @. "G 1e@ " " G, C D > 1G.L @. " O@<@ " " [@ \, c > ehi.g O @ G,. G Šš œ \ Šš œ ³ ³ 4 "«³ @ 4 E LŽ 1, [@O@ @ G,. : j >, G 1, G @, @. "G RN@ H ED.. G T @ G l1r@ O@ G" 4 '' :,.G G" G, @. " G c U g @ G,. [ @ Šš œ œ š œ š [ ³ O@ \ œ œ ³ @ G, b 1.G. [ \ G & œ œ 2 ³ Œ> 1 ><G.*G / @ * 1 O @. "*1@ @. "G GG O U.<L7 G,L LL 1N71 [/@.k,,o. G a71 k@. cau [ 1@ "G,.G@ ž@.ž.f@ [ 1 ³ ³ œ š \ Šš œ œ š [ ^ œ œ œ š ³ \ ^ œ & 2 ³ " c,c1 G:1 hi. @ V@ G GG O œ. >G, L7 G :, G a G>GG. C1.T71f..Ga@. T GŠL,GO V1 @k@ N@ [
' ' h * ' h ^ U ' ³ h GG U./ b7 G,L cm O [@. 71 1@ :1 @ G. L7 G,L 1. 1.G [:"O, l œ Ž1, G 1. G, µ L7 a..,, «@ Ÿ@ GŠ,GO G, G @...Gr@ GŠ,GO.G "G [ Ž 1., @ 1, µ,l.r" [Ÿ.$. 1,> f É O@ "G i@ [ G [ G >., L7 G ",O $hi.g.g 1,.N@ GG, G, *1 @. @ GG O U. f: b < G G. L G )1l@.. @. O. U. C.@ G 1@ @.G @ >@ G " O" <. fu,g [)@ µg1 N@ @ < G, @. " G D C G, f GC1 @. " ³ ". @. @ GG O U.,f G@ c @ G, b 1.G,G. [ >. " G, @. " G g \ ^ œ & [ œ œ & 2 ³ E,ac G kl 1 71. G, hi,g "G,, @ >@.l.*@. [, G 1$ G @ @ ". ³ E Š @ GŠ G, GG )71 @. " C1. c/u @L@ :@ [Ÿ ³ 6 ³ E @ " O@. " ŽŸ. k.f@g.l Š@. " T@ G, 8 @. " _ " G.k > G@ /71,G G. L7 G,L *1 [7 GG O U. L7 G,L [., G, G, 1, G. <,7 Š < @ ","µ @G.Ÿ. @ Ÿ@ G C1...G*1 Ÿ.a,."G [ b., G, r., c %1 Š @ Ÿ G., É O" hi.g @r.[@ [7T@ ž@ ž«@ G, ŸU G, ³ 6 G.g. G, /71.G<@ G.RL7 G,L G, L7 G, ED [7. ³ 4,G ". U.. : j N, Š," G e1. 1@1, G, žl7 G, Š amplitude cell 14) [d] 1 2 3 4 6 7 π mode 7 π π mode 6 7 π mode 6 7 π π mode π mode π π mode 7 123 124 12 126 127 128 12 13 f g [Hz] )&&)2'$ '2")3 21'32 " / 687 "%$' ) 6 ', 3'&& 1223)"" 2' 1) 1 * %" 22')$ 2)2 )& $" '&$ 3'&& ) 3 " "< $ % 8 )2"/ 6 )&<&'4 ) ' / '" 687 ' "%$'
U * ³ h O GG U./ b7 G,L [ b G.G δf / 1 khz) δf / 1 khz) δf / 1 khz) δf / 1 khz) δf / 1 khz) δf / 1 khz) 4 2 1 1 2 4 7 π π mode 2 1 1 2 4 6 7 π mode 2 1 1 2 4 6 7 π π mode 2 1 1 2 4 π mode 2 1 1 2 4 π π mode 2 7 π mode 1 1 2 z [mm] ')$%,.&&8 ')'$ "%, ) "& ' )3'4":) ', 3'&&<"2"1 1223)"" 6 :< /"2'& '32'$ 687 2' 1) '2", U. 1,a 1., k, G i1.g @@ G,.," c G, T, ³ 6 L@ j@ U. Gi. G.gb. c.g k1 @ GG O U. a: j : G 1 1@. @. ", @ U. RND. H >N@ / RN@ @ D.*@. @ @.G.@.G G.gb.l.*" l@.,< G D. 1, Š G. C
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` U d \ D \ d * U h d U \ ³ h GG U./ b7 G,L b O [ G.G G, i C1.R71 ) U,G @, "G, j,.g 1@j G"j G.,G.G. G, 1 G @. " @. " ³.. @ G f1 ³ " r ³ ' ³ 76 $ "G, @ )@ GG O U.C, CCED G )@ t " G 1 L7 G,, C. *hi.gb@ ³ ' @ @ G, 1 GG O U.L G k @. U., " [1l«G G.G & G :c )71.".G. @ ³ 76 @ i@ G.RL7 G,L [C" O@. " \ GOU... \,.G \ \ &, il7 G, ehi.g @ U.> G @. U.> c. > N @ @ G,:1 GG O U. :,. )@ G. @ U. L>,> L,,7,,."G [ O@.G,.G*«G G G,7 G, G.G*1V@ O@,.G GŠµ Žf G. 1 L7 G, 1.GG @ @ GG O U. *: j < G 71 1>@. @ G. L G,L [ @ G, G, i c )L7 G, * b@ @ U. Ÿ G @. U. c GG @ O. @,. >g G Ÿ71 @ <, G. L7 G,L [@ > C * O.Gr@ O 4 "«³.Gµ@ G, 1.G k k: j. [ @. [ Š@ :1@ i G ž ³ 4 1 G f > @.Gb@ G,,," G,G Š @ G,*,. b, ŽU @, G.Gb@ ³ ' $ Š@.G," G.Gj@ @ GŠ \ CED G 1 O@ GG O 1 G d @.Gb@ CED G @ 1 G ' > @.Gl @. " ³ ³ @ G,, G 71.. [ Š@. T O@ ³ 6. " GL 1. 1 G @, G 6,.G ³ GOU. 76 @. @.Gr@,GO L1Ÿ@ @ GŠ @ @ " O@. " \ d @, 4 7 k @.G @ l L >1.. > l1@ O" "$ "&'*)$ G, G )71. ³ ³,G, G.L7 G,L eÿ. GL G71. [e.t1 É O" O)., @ Ÿ G " e GG l. O 1 @ @.G G RND. H >N@ / RN@ @ D ŽŸU a, k c.f@ @ ž@ G b@ G. U.l ll7 G, @ U.. C1.71.,e@ f[o. @. 1,< [ G [ / G., ",O G.. 1G. fc * 1 V,.G " Ž @r @ hh O@ O@ GG G@ 1 1 CG O. G " G, O1 [4 f C O b@ :@G. Šj.,L. É O" ³ G 71,G, G.cL7 G,L µg <,L c G [ O" hi.r@ [. U. L7 G, @ U. f, >71L.Ÿ" hi.,, "@G.V.NG1N@ O @ @ U.lL7 G,L 1 fu G, C,., G [./@ $ ³ T µ O@G. @. GŠ G, 1 71 1 @. "µ j@ Ÿ@ 8 E a. C1.e71 <, L c LL7 G, É O" O. @ G @ U.< @
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* o ³ h O GG U./ b7 G,L [ b G.G 1. π mode profile profile at room temp. measured profile relative amplitude 1.. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell. )&&)2'$ 687,, "%$3'&&)& $ "& */" )$ '$ 6, 3'&& )'% $1 * 2 *34 6 /8, 1 82 :< 1 * 6$23'&&4"@)'% $ '$ 3 ** :< %" ' "%$ "& )" )2'&) "& 8 )& $"& )4"" 2' 1) )$ '& ") 1')$%,.&& ')' *&) "& 1 8* :< 86*) 2 ) &)3'$ )3'&& )$ "2) 2 ) )83'&&. 1. 1 khz bead 2 khz bead khz bead output antenna cell 1 relative amplitude 1.. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 cell % *&)2'$'1')$%,.&& ')' 8/"8*687,, "%$ " ) $ %@6, 3'&&)'% &8 ) % %,, "%$ "&.1 * 2 *3 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< 1 * 1) 2 ) ) 3'&&62 '" 1')$%,.&& "& ' 8 $1 1')$*)$&8 "2*) 2 ) ) 3'&&. 6 /" "8 1')$%,.&&1"&,* :<1')$ :)&2" "28) 2 ) &)3'$ )3'&&6 '8) $) 2" $
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* o ³ h O GG U./ b7 G,L [ b G.G a) 1.6 1.4 1.2 δf / 1kHz) 1.8.6.4.2 b) 1 1 2 z [mm] 1.3 Nb prototype simulation relative amplitude 1. 1 7 8 14 cell *% ')$%,.&&1'& "@) ', 3'&&<"2"1 1223 ) 2 ) 3'&& 84"2 ) 2 ) 3'&& 3 ) %" ')'$ "& @" '& '32 '&$ )& $4) 8)'% ) :/" 8687, *'2")3 )&' )3 2 "1 @3'&&*62)2 ')' " 1 6 *&)2'$ 1')$%,.&&<'& /"8)1/'3 '$ ', 3'&&<1223)&2" "& 1 8**
* o ³ h O GG U./ b7 G,L [@ 1.1 1. π mode profile profile at room temp. measured profile relative amplitude 1...8.8.7.7.6.6 1 8 1 22 28 cell )&&)2'$ 687, * "%$)& $"& /" ) '$ 6 " ', 3'&& 1223 1 * 2 *3 1 32 * 4 6 /8, 1 82 :< 1 * %" ' "%$ "& )" )2'&) "& 8 )& $"& )"" 2' 1) )$@ '& 4":) 1')$%,.&&1')3, *&) " 1 8* :< 6) 2 ) &)3'$ )43'&& )$ "2 ) 2 ) )83'&&. 1. π mode profile profile at room temp. measured profile relative amplitude 1.. 1 8 1 22 28 cell )&&)2'$687, * "%$)& $8"& 8")* '$6 $', 3'&& 1223 )$ /" 1 *** "8))28) )$
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³ 4Ÿ. G @. "f1$h O GGa8 " O žm 6 a) b) c) 6 6 28cell cavity 4 x 7cell structure 4 x 7cell structure with balanced stored energy in the cavities number of cavities 4 3 2 1 number of cavities 4 3 2 1 number of cavities 4 3 2 1 8 1 8 1 homogeneity [%] homogeneity [%] 8 1 homogeneity [%]. "2'$ $22) "" )& $ " "' 6 " )3'& ) "%$/"8$1 4223' 6 3'&&" )'% ') )'$2" 1 )$" &)$ '$ 8 1 8* :< ) 8**., 3'&&1)'% ' 8 6 )1'$ 3'&& 8)" "' * 8** 6 ', 3'&&1223' 1/" )&) 422"'$ * 4)'% ' 8)8" "' 8** 6 ', 3'&& 1223' )/2 )&)* 22"'$ )'% '3 "%$$'3)1'$ 2'3 " 8) " "' 1.1 1. 28 cell cavity 4x7 cell superstructure relative amplitude 1...8.8.7.7 1 8 1 22 28 cell. " 2'$ 3'&&) & $ "& " )3'& )' "%$ ) 6 ', 3'&& 1223 )$ ), 3'&& )'% "8 6 )1'$ 3'&& " 1" 223'243'&&<4) '$ 2" 1 $ '$$3 * :<
* ³ h O GG U./ b7 G,L [ b G.G number of cavities 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 cell cavity a) b) c) 8 6 number of cavities 2 x cell structure 7 6 4 3 2 1 number of cavities 4 x 7cell structure 4 3 2 1 1 homogeneity [%] 1 1 homogeneity [%] homogeneity [%] 8*% "2'$ $22) " " )3'& ) "%$ )& $ " "' 6 /" 223' "1"2'$ /"*6 <6 3'&&" )'% ' )4)'$ 2"1 )$" &) $ '$ 8 1 8* :< ) **** 6, 3'&&)'% ' 8) " "' 8*** 6 $, 3'&&11223')/2 )&) *22"'$ @@ )'% '3@* "%$ $'3)1'$@ 2'3 " 8)" ", ' $ 8** 6 ', 3'&&1223' )/2 )&) 22"'$ )'% '3 "%$$'3)1'$ 2'3 " 8) " "'
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@ G, [,c. G:,c Gg @,c Gg 1 1 @. " 1 a) 4x7cell copper superstructure at room temperature realtive field envelope of cell 28..8.7.6..4.3.2.1 sum of all modes mode 23 mode 24 mode 2 mode 26 mode 26 mode 23 mode 24 1 2 3 4 time [µs] 1 b) 2x7cell niobium superstructure at room temperature realtive field envelope of cell 14..8.7.6..4.3.2.1 sum of all modes mode 11 6/7 ) mode 12 6/7 π) mode 13 π ) mode 14 π π) mode 12 mode 11 mode 14 1 1 2 time [µs] "2'$ 2) 2)28&)2 3'&&" ) 1223)"" 2' 1), %" )82"&2)& " '&$* '& "14"&)2:3'&&)$*3" 2) " " $1 687 ' "%$' ).', 3'&&3"11223.', 3'&& " 1223)"" 2' 1) 6 8 1" 8 '$ ") 1 * < 6 / " )' )& )3'& )@"%$ / *6223' ) $ %))@4) 2 ) & "2 2" 3'&&
&,c Gg @,c Gg 1 1 @. " 8 cell field envelope [arb. unit] 7 6 4 3 2 1 cell 1 cell 14.2.4.6.8 1 time [µs] "2'$ )82"&2)&'" '&$ '& "1 3" /" 2 )$ &)2:3'&&%" ) 13"$3 ', 3'&&1223$&&, t 1 32 8 * a) π)mode 4 b) 6/7ππ)mode 1 c) /7π)mode stored energy [] 4 3 2 1 with beam stored energy [µ] 3 2 1 stored energy [µ] 8 6 4 2 1 2 time [µs] 1 2 time [µs] 1 2 time [µs] "2'$ '&$ : 1 " 2'& '32'$ 687 ' %, "%$' $ && " ) 13"$3 ', 3'&& 1223 8 " 1'), t 1 32 8 *<622')$ 2)2 )3'& ) "& ) "., *"%$ 8* 7 *6 2 "&$$1 2'32'$ )/2 <4)))3'& )"& ) " 7 * ), * "%$ 6,, "%$& * 6, * "%$@6 22"'$ "&&)2' )$&)%)$)2'$ 3 &)3"& "'6 $)'$ &$)2' 22"'$$8 ). %,.2)2'32'$@)/2 <&& %2 )&2".
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h \ ^ \ ^ ' ' \ & & ' & & ',c,c Gg @ Gg 1 1, 1 G C O" G G.g ): j \, @. @. "G<š 1@ 4 76.g 1@ O" ž.[@j "O Œ> 4 œ \ \ š œ \ š š > 1. @ Cš œ 1, /: j k.g @ @ *.L G [ ' >, c G..i@, G,. G, @ 1,/ @. Š )hi.g b@ G D C [ š 1 ª \ š. 1.G c @O ): j :1N@ Ÿ. G D T G.1 GGa O. [ Š@ 1 O" G @.Gr \ @ : j [ Ÿ1V@ ", 1V@ [@ G O 1 @. " GL 1 U. G *. h, O. T GŠ@."Gi.b \ œ \ š > ª \ \ š & œ \ > & 2 E 8:, C1.R, c ), G ). @ 1. @1 G a j@. T G,, r Š. @.G/@.[ [@Oµ.@ @ ".G @.1, [ l L 1G 1 N.. G G O/ Š@,.G @.b c>c%1 : j.$ \ 1, LL E, 1V@ Š7 @ Ÿ@. T GŠ@."Gš 1 Ž O@ C GG. Š@b@. @1. 1ž@ $ @ /@.[ L,71 G 1,7 L /1 ",O@O ĥ, [:"O l @ GG G b G O [i.,g Gg œ \ ' > 2 ' 71 1 G O O@.Gr, *G G U. 1 G <U. ",.Gµ@ Gg. k @G. @. " @*@ / < D @ G,,,, k @ O @. " 7 ŸG @ [7 "G @. "b1 1 l@ >@ 1*. 1 Gg<.e G 1Ĩ U. lg G U. ",O @Ÿ@ g G 1@ @1 1 )@ Gg. 7 \ \ ^ 2 76, i :71, 1 G hi.g 1U.* @ 1L.<1 1.: j @ > G Š 1.G @ g G. 1@ @1 1f1. 1 G GL 1 G G. ž1r@ @ O@L.. @ V1@. 1@1, G, /U 1.G G:. Š " @ :@ 1,i c,* 1 :1e@ '.f 1.., " O@C@ [ " a,7.7% U. 71 G L 1L," @G.a.i@. G, 1V@ a.[@f@ C "76 a@. 1.G /: j Ÿ G 4,G i@ :1$@. l @
` \ & @ G, [,c. G:,c Gg @,c Gg 1 1 @. " 1 2 3 7 π mode 7 π mode π mode 1 R/ [Ω] 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 13 T1 mode 6 t )&'" 687 "%$' "<) ', 3'&& 1223 ) )&%, &)2'$ /" ) " :3"$'$) 6 )&':" /" $%, 3'&& ) 6 " )&/"8) 3 23'&& '**. 6, *"%$ )3'& ) ' "%$., G, 1 G Š ) @. " *.@ E @.G ^ G & \ < 1 t ' Ÿ@ C \ ^ G @ ^ GŸ.R1 @ k71 G Š,.[ Š O@*@ >@. 1L 1R G t 1@ [ i, G 1 :G 1 G L @.G 1< @. " 1 @ Gg ž C L G, @. "G @G. G :a " h> >G @ GgL. 1 G G, U G @, Ž Gg c.e"g, Gg1@.µ.Ÿ. Š \, t t & \ G 1, 6[³[ Gg '' Gc Œ V G g Gg*.c " 1 ª,. G, @O.@. Š "G. ³,G Ÿ@ rg G 1 c. iu.f Gg @ Gg 1b @. " c@ Š @. "f1@ [. iu. 1.f.c. LL,LG, Ggµ.:. Š.[@L@, G, ) GG *.@.ž Š @ f71 Ÿ,G.GL@ @. "1 @ @.Gj".Ž@G.) " G G 1, Ž@,G./ C GG e@ C1.. @ Gg @ Gg 1b.* G1GU. @. "*. @ j. " Ÿ 1 GG "GO :U. @ 1 C@ Š @. "C1 @. O c.<@ @. " 1 @ GG. 1 f 1L 1 G 1,: D C O @.<@ ž i71.v <@ a1 G" [ G.g O @ @ @ GG D G O 1 O @. ", G G L @ b 71 ž"c@ GŠ 1/@ :@ @ "G [ @ @ G.G @ @ 4 76 ' G, '. :U.f. L G L,G ž@,7, G 1 1 Š GŠ@."<1@ O@<.G,.GŸ GŠL 1@ @, G 8 @. " @a@ @ GŠ \ / Gk D @ G,, 2 ' @ O @. " @ @ [Ÿ. C1.. a.g <1,@.G*,.G Gg @ GG G G O [. r@ Ggr. 1 1,) @. " @ <@ 1:1e@ ' G & / 1 @. " E Ÿ D /G @ G ' O @. " Gg*. 1 i Ÿ c a, G a G,)"C@. G @. T G @ ŸG j71 G, lg G @ " 1G [@l1@ Gg T,.G @G.. eg @ Gg. G, [@ @ 1@1L e1 @, G 1L 1e GC @. ".,, Oa.Ÿ @, @ [. @ ^ G 1N@., G, D r 71 Š. O b@ G.i.
h U U U,c Gg @,c Gg 1 1 @. " em 1 x 1 3 field envelope cell 1 beam energy ^ ^ E / E and ε 1 / ε 1.. 1 4 6 8 1 12 14 time [µs] "2'$ ) )) " )$ "%$&) " " '&$ '& "1 2<3'&&/" ) ', 3'&&1223 1 * 2 * 1 32 *, t 1 32 8 * t 1 82 :< 6 " )& ) 7@ * 6 '& "1.'&$ ) & '$ '$)2'&)1/" 2'3 " " '62'$$ 6 t )&' "687 "%$') " $ GG C1. G 1.G @@ :G " G.,G.G 1@ ^ Ga O@ 8 71, 71 1, G,.G<1$ " 6[³ @ @ "G.. *G G 1,,G C ³,G GG <@ C1.. @ Gg @ Gg 1 )..@ @. ". U. @ G1 1. "GO L,7 @ b@ Š @. <G "b1$@ 1,L.@ @.G :1$@ RN. HT O @VD DND. @ /," @G.a.Ÿ@ k@ Gg r@ DN1R 1.. G 71, 1.V G D 1 G. G., /. 1L 1 / @ [ ^ G. G.k G @. "r.a@ 1 C1. 1.G 1L 1$ G [,. G,.". 1V@ Ÿ1V@ G" [ Ÿ,G. G, 4. < 1, G1.RU. 1ž.@ >@. O Š @. " O@b@ Š @. "b1e@ @1 @.Gj". @., G, 1c.@ C GG bg G Š @ @1 j.@ @.G " G<. <,ŠU.. c @ <G Gg. G, [@L1Ÿ@ @.G @.G Ž@ Gg 1 1.µ @. " @., G, G, Š./,G. 1N T G. 1Ž.. ' b. fg G 1 C. G./ @ e@ @, G, Gg @ Gg 1Ž @. " @ G Gg.µ.b@G.i Š., C1...Š @ @ 4 ª c.r @ G @ @.[ Gg 1,71 G @ k G. "G @ >@ 1 @. /. <. @ "µ@ G., G,, Š.a [/@., 1.. 1 G.,f@ @ 1f. O@G l,.g 1G.a 1f,71 1 L C1..Ÿ <G @ GG G @. "r. 1 G k 1 a@ 1@ Gg. @ L *@ C1 @.[.G Nhi.,, «@ Š @. "C.. @ ^ G @ 1@1L G f1 G,. @G.k, @. " d,,, G G hi.g j,go @.G<@. T GŠr1N@G. g @ i@. G @
h U U h h 6 8 h @ G, [,c. G:,c Gg @,c Gg 1 1 @. " stored energy [] 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 filling a) π) mode beam stored energy [µ] 1 8 6 4 2 b) /7π) mode beam stored energy [µ] 3 3 2 2 1 1 c) 3/7π) mode beam 1 1 time [µs] 1 1 time [µs] 1 1 time [µs] "2'$.'&$ ).', 3'&&12234) 3 "" $ )'%.&&)$.1') )3'& ) " 1 * 2 * 1 32 *, t 1 32 8* t 1 82 :< ) $) )&, * "%$, * "%$, * "%$ 71, 71 1,,7.$U. @ 1 "G.a.a.G L C1.. @ ku Š G, @. "1@ @ 1.f @. " j T / D C1. G G 1 Š Gg @ Gg 1f @. "f @., G,. 1,e@ L4 ª U,L G <" 1@. G G 8 C8 G C71 @ ³ h Ÿ "b Ž@ Ÿ G @.[ Š@. " O@ @. c.c Ÿ: j l G:U. *, G GL 1. 1 @ G. G,. T G G.g @. j 6. <, G 1.G : ",G k@ @.G l., G, c. /G G 1 r G @ Š G l@ Ž Gg @ Gg 1.Ž @. " Gg., O@ / 1,L <, G 1 au G, 1µ @. "r.k. " [ O@µ@ @.,, «, T :1 @ >."[ [ 1@1L k > @., G, G Š.*@ L, @. "G hi.,,.<g. 6 [@ É, G,i Š @., G, ž ž. G l8 G " @ h @j LG G 1 ) G @ iu G, @ Gg @ Gg 1. @. "r Gg. E ehi @., G, i, Š @ @O,71 i.l@ 1.*., k..š @,l@ j4 ª, G ) @i.. @ i@ 1.b@ ", G,,ŠU. 1.. L 1 c G G Š G a.: [ CG."f@ 1 ž.c@ @.[ < [ Gg O@G <,.G,."G [ 1,71, Ẅ G G 1 c.r a a. G.Š l1. Gg @, Gg 1 @. "f. @ O @ @, G, Š
,c Gg @,c Gg 1 1 @. " ^ ^ ε / ε n n 1 x 1 3 a) individual cells bunch.8 bunch....6.4.2.2 V acc / V acc. 1 x 1 3 bunch bunch... b) whole superstructure.4.6.8 cell 1 cell 13 1 1411 1412 1413 1414 time [µs]. 1 1411 1412 1413 1414 time [µs] ): "2'$ 3) "*"4)82"&2 )& "'&$*)& $ " 3'&& )$ /"4). ', 3'&&11223 1 * 2 * 1 32 *, t 1 32 8 *8 t 1 82 :< %" ) &)2 <" 2) 6 " )& ) " 223 7@ * "'21"$ 3) " " 2")& )3'& ) "& )* ', 3'&& 223 x 1 E / E 1 2 3 bunch index "2'$ %,.2", ) )) " /" )2) " 8*' ' 6 )) 2 ) ', 3'&&81223& 1 * 2 * 1 32 1*, t 1 32 8 * t 1 82 :< 6" )& ) 7@ *16 2'$ 6 t )&'4" 687 "%$') "@$
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CHTER 8 L@,. g :, C1.: j c, G cov.,, G @ @O. GŠ<.Gk., G,Ÿ :1 Š Š@e@ GG >G G O G " O) G.G @ Gg @ Gg 1<,71 <@G.Ng Nc G G C1.V, G @ "G G ž1@. T GŠŽ fœ:. f.gj 1$Œ: @ "[ @ G É O @ h> O."O "[ G gg G Žk.U 1G 1 1,. Š@. " @ O@. " " U fu. G *U G,, 1. @ Š@. "_ T. [ @ l> @ "[, G, 1@ 1 R Š @L [ OC1@ "[ vector modulator klystron 1.3 GHz generator m Re DC DC down converter bandpass filter power transmission line 1.3 GHz 2 khz 1.3 GHz 2 khz...... sampling DC f 1 Hz s DC feed forward table gain table calibrated vectorsum Re setpoint table m digital low pass filter D system %' ) % " 66 8 3" 2"&: %22' % <))$)2'$ /" '&$ 2)8&)<') " 1223' 6@$"%, 3" 2'$, ) 2 ) )&4 & 2'$ 3 )$)$) & 2 1/" ) & '$ 8 ) )& ", )&, " 2 6 3" 2"& %22' 2)8&)<'* '32"2, "'&$ ":2)& 1223'
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Œ:. "[, Š G, a) pickup antenna signal before downconversion π mode ππ mode amplitude [d] 1 1 1.27 1.28 1.28 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 frequency [GHz] b) pickup antenna signal after downconversion ππ mode π mode 6 7 ππ mode amplitude [d] 1 1 2 2 without filter with filter 3 1 4 1 1 6 1 7 1 8 frequency [Hz] "2'$ 687 '2")3 21'32 " ) 13"$3 ', 3'&&*%, 1223 /" ) $ % 8 )2" 8 3"2) )& $ 1 * 2 *3 1 32 * 1 *, t 1 32 8* )& $" '&$ "1 )& ')'$ %) ), ) 2 ) & "22" 3'&& * '&$ "1 )& )/2 8 1 8** 2 7:<)$& 2 22 " "$))& "$)$) & 2 8 ** :<)$ 8$
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T ' "G.,. " Vo gain margin [d] 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 a) 2x7cell superstructure optimal gain π mode 6/7π mode: gain1 6/7π π mode: gain1 π π mode: gain1 4 2 optimal bandwidth: 14 khz max. gain: 34 d) 1 1 2 bandwidth [khz] bandwidth [khz] gain margin [d] 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 b) 2xcell superstructure optimal gain π mode 8/π mode: gain1 8/π π mode: gain1 π π mode: gain1 4 2 optimal bandwidth: 1 khz max. gain: 6 3. d) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 bandwidth [khz] bandwidth [khz] <7 ) * /'$ ) ) /" 3" 2"&& "" " ) $) )& "%$/ & "" $'&) ) 3 " " && )$ 8$ " 22 " "$ ))& " )$)& 2'6':" " )&) "&) $) )&, * "%$ 43"$'$ ) '&& ) ) * )/" 2)8& 3"%, $ " )4 / ' "' 1"*"%$' ) ', 3'&& 1223, 3'&&<1223
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8 8 & 8." *,G: G 1.G., Š G, a) calculation.7.6. E [V/].4.3.2.1 6. 1. 1. 2. z [m] b) measurement 4 δf /1kHz) 3 2 1. 1. 1. 2. z [m] ', 3'&& 1223 %, ) :'& '32'&$ "& 4" ) 6:, & $ 1"& 4 "%$ 8 6 1 32 :< 6 6 )7 )&&) " " '& '32 '&$ "& **. ')$ &&'& /" " 1"&)) " " $ 1"& "%$')'$ " 3"18 "%$'& D @ L 1 b8 b G @ O Š@ 1i@ L @ G C8 1,G " Š@.Gb R@ k G." Oj Š@ k.µ@ 1 1.G. 1 GOU. *,,L 1 <., [@ @ µ @ [@ ".GG. 1,C C. L DG1 [ " @j@ )1ž@ O"e.bU G, r8 6. jl>. C. @ É O@ C. ). jc U. 8 U @ @ Š. " @. :h ' G1@g, D @ L.@ G, 1 Š@. " @ @.G L D @ @ Š c 1L 1 G c. GG @1 @ [..GCG."r [ G Oj @,,G C <8 1 @. " 4 ' µ @ @ @. "j"µ@.gf.r@, G, Š T@ G :,."G G L O@. 1, 1 c.g 8 G.g, @f@..,." 1V@ É O@ ' [ G @ ž. L,7 G1@ 4 @ *.G @. U..GC@f@ Š.
6 U U 6 & 6 h b7 G,L T 6 [@:" G i G G,. T 4Ÿ,G G :8,."<1@. a [ G O@ C U.µ.G @ " @. [ G @. U. U.µ D @ ED 1 1G. @ Š. Š "G Š @ 4 1 L8 :1 @ k@ o 1r. pickup antenna connection to load pickup loop capacitive coupling to output "1 " " : 7 3"& 8 ) 1 2'$ $) ')' 6*3"& )2'$ " ' '&$'$ : 7 3"& " "8@66, 3'&&:)'% ' '. 6 ) 2 ) & '$ 3 2"@3')2*3"& 2" '& '32 '&$. G 1,/1 C1G G Ÿ :1$@. G. O@, G. @.G ", :@ G, G, 1,a Š G * k8 O@ ".l 7 G µ 7 G 1 G, V g g.[ "G Š@. "j, 6 ³ 6 T g.g.ž1 ŸU. G, ž@ ž <.".G O@ Nhi.G L@. G, G, 1 G,8 1 Š @1 1e@ @ i@. G, G, Š. G C8 O@. C1 LL.G,g O@. G ŸC c ŠU c@.[ "G Š@. "C ž.c" 1 @ @ž1r@, G, "G 1 7 8.G @. L7 G, " @ G, G, > Š "G.k j.a G G 1. / 1, * a D 1R GG " Š@.Gf O f@ ",. f@ ", @ @., Nhi.G. k D 1R 1 /8.k.*@.G)@ OC Š@ 1@.,, & <L7 G, D 1N 1 : b Ob Š@ a1 G 1.G O@ G." 1,r 1G. 1G... T T ' @. G, G, Š @., G,, Š / Š@O " "G.i G 1,Ÿc.R1 1.G k G >1@ O@*@ "G i k71.g@ @ 4 ª G,, Š ž @ Vhi. ce.,,..µ Š@. " T ' @G. G a@ ag1 @,@a1. N. G O @ 1 71 G,, @. " O@@ G. ' [i1e T 4 h) & kl7 G,b D 1R 1 k OC Š@ ž @.i G 1 G 1, 1G. 1.G ž O@G."Ž "O.f@ > T T 6 ž 1@ 1 1,a ŸL7 G, 1.G c G. @. "G. O@ 2 1, :U G,,G *.L@ T ³ T @., G, Š @., G,, Š G 1,)1 @O "ŸhiŸ "Ÿ1N@ µ G, EDT k1 gµ "G @ µ G. ž@. R,, l G cl1.g O@ Š.GG Ÿ
& U h U 8,G: G 1." *.G., G, Š G 1.G 1 «ª G ž G ž 1.G $@ $ ž, G @.GŸ G ª 1.G ž e1@.c G 1, G,,G µ. a T ³ T 1 :1 @ :@ @1 1. G * Š G 1,k1 1 G 1 :.. G.g, [ " ).k G [a@ $@ /@, L7 G,L C C L8 ]1 [ [@) Ž" µ"o @ @. "µ" @.G.µ@, G, Š G k GeL7 G,L i *1 [@ž.. @ c@ L GOU. @1.8 1.G/,g N@ «,,L k. G 8 c G1 D 1 1.G [@> G @ G @. O OC @ 1)@ DG " @ Šj, Ž.@, G,Ž < 1 <, 1)@ G,, @.G < Š D 1 " @ 1 µ. " O@. "G k@, 1c@ G,, Š G, Chi.G j@, O Š@. Š Š @ Š G.,ž1 [ @ É O@ Ÿ1N@ h> O. j ž. G G., G, 1,i G, L. 1.. kl> Š "G Š@. ".G.*@. Ÿ. " G g Ž, *@ 7 k71 j8 L7 G,L, G, U, @1. >@ Gi1 [@c @ Š l@" @ ž@ «,a D.G).c [7 @ <. :8 1 G.GŸ.@. É, G, G Š NG1 L 7eh, G,. 1G. Ÿ8 L7 G,L Œ> G 1,." 1N@G.Ÿ Š, "r [@ @, @ <@G " 1$@., G, k D Š G lc/ Š @ [.,."b@, 1 71 j8 L7 G,L., [@:" É, G, Š
& T 6 b7 G,L [@: " G i G a) R/ values of dipole modes normalized R/ [ Ω/cm 2 /cell ] 1.8.6.4.2 2x7 cell superstructure cell cavity TE 111 T 11 TElike 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 frequency [GHz] [GHz] 14 x 14 12 1 b) measured values polarisation 1 polarisation 2 ext 8 6 4 2 1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 frequency [GHz] [GHz] 8 c) impedance of dipole modes polarisation 1 polarisation 2 R/) [kω/cm 2 ] 6 4 2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 frequency [GHz] [GHz] 1"& 4 "%$4))2 " ) ', 3'&&1223 ) "2'$ 6 )&' /" $ 1"& "%$'@" )" ', 3'&& 223" ** @)$ ) 66, 3'&&*)'% ) * " )&)<'$ 2" 1 " 3'&& 1 223 6 )&') " ) ) 3 " ")&&)2'$ ' / ' 8 %2 )& )& @ )32" "$ 1"& "%$' 8 6 * 2 6 ) ')'$ " 3"1 ', 3'&&:223 6 )&'/" 1" 1"&)) "" $ 1"& * "%$')" ) 3 " "')'$ ' / ' '& 1'$)3)&' 6 /" ', 3'&&223 ')'$ /
& 8." *,G: G 1.G., Š G, a) R/ values of dipole modes 1 4x7 cell superstructure cell cavity normalized R/ [ Ω/cm 2 /cell ].8.6.4.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 frequency [GHz] x 1 4 TE 111 T 11 TElike b) measured values polarisation 1 polarisation 2 ext 3 2 1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 frequency [GHz] 1 c) impedance of dipole modes polarisation 1 polarisation 2 R/) [kω/cm 2 ] 1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 frequency [GHz] 1"& 4 "%$4))2 " ) ', 3'&&1223 ) "2'$ 6 )&' /" $ 1"& "%$'@" ) ', 3'&& 223" ** @)$ ) 66, 3'&&*)'% ) * " )&)<'$ 2" 1 " 3'&& 1 223 6 )&') " ) 3 " " )&&)2'$ ' / ' 1" :< "&) 2'& '32'$ "%$' 8 1'$)3 ) " %2 )& )& )32" "$ 1"& "%$' 8 6 * 2 6 ) ')'$ " 3"1 ', 3'&&223 6 )&' /" 1" 1"&)) "": $ 1"& "%$'8) " )8) 3 " "*')'$ ' /3, '1" :<<"&) 2'& '32'$ "%$' 8 1'$)3*)'.1 ')'$ '& 1'$)3)&' 6 /" ', 3'&&1223 ')'$ /
8 U 8 h 8 U T 4 G.G<1, G G o>n m vaqvÿsyx} ) u' uvÿƒqtu{ b7 G,L L.,, G [@"Ž@ É O@ /,G k GŠŽ,71,Ga G,G Š 1@ G." Ÿ.µ@ 1,ž1 1 C1. 1G, G@1, G G.g.a O. @. " G.) GŠ,71 G C 1 71 1 b b @ Cž%1ŠU. G) )@ [,G @ @.c,.g <C @ Š@O "G Œ G 1i@. ".Gµ «[Ž O@, G O@G GŠ,71 / @ Ÿž%1ŠU. G.j1G, 1 /,C1 G @ Œ: "G, G G, 1 1..G " [ "G<@ k8. 1 G,, " G Š@.G,ž1 Š @ @ G.G @ ž.c@. G @ G, G 1 G@1. 8 c " Š@.G, G O@ 1 O[ @ 1 L7 O GŠ @. <C "j.ÿ "O R@ GŠr @. ", G@ g G.) G D, 1.G Ÿ 1 ž1, O," G [ j.. 1. O" Ÿ N@ @ @ 71 O Š@ G."C @G. O "O "G) G 1. @C@ [ 1.GC i@ @. O@G. 1G.a O@ G@ 1,)1 1 "G, @. "G, < @, G, 8 c Š 1 7 G, 1a@, G, Š G.7 «L f..g. 1G 1, G L,GN G :1, O@. @18 " GG G c1, G." V O@G.<.G. l @ :,7 @. ","C @G..V@ ",, O)@ / @ O@ 1, G, G1... @ )8, G 1, L c Gi Š. O " C @ GŠ [7 "G,., G,: < GL Š, @ "O.c G 1 l, D a71 1L 1 G." G, G Ok @ )U.," [ c, O C@ Š 8 $G @, G [ GŠ 1V@,, k Oj. @ GŠµ1V@ " O./,7, G f.@ G) " /U..G.G $@ r GŠŽ,GO,G @)g G )U G, @ @.G @ G " O.: "."[ 4 G G, " @ "G,.) G) 1 1, O@ G." Oj Š@ G @ 1Ž. @ µ O@ )1l@, G, Š V@ Ž@ r G.Gj. G Ÿ1 G1 G @G., @. "µ ³ DG1. i @.l G G,,G. T 6.l G,O@O @ G.G @ " G, G 71, U O" ž8 :O@l, G GŠ.> g G [OT@ N O/.. k@ GŠ) G.G GG, Ÿ G 1,. " G1 Š@O 1. G.g "G > G G @ / _U. " a.r@. O O@ G G.>. C1. f@ G.gj :.@.[ "G Š@.G / O[ @ Of k G /1 U. 8.G l, @. G * 1 L j, @.[ D "G Š@.Gr G.b 1, N@ G @ k71 O Š@."[ kced G." G @," [, G O @. "* 1, L l<8 @ G :1 @ l@ G 1 GŠ [>, G. b G :"*@ G,O@OO1i@, GŠ.@1G. @ O G1@ g G ž < " @.@. @. "1i@ G b7 @ G,L 1 " @ @.GG " Or1@ @.G [@ "Ž@ G, G,, G Š L,G N@ GŠ,GO @ @1 8)1, 7 G. lc G 1,/1. @ @, [ G.g "ž G
U U CHTER 1 $ : U 1 1e1.G. 1e@, G, Š "G L71 L7 G,L,,,, [i.. 1@1, G, 1, Š., 1@ 71 GG. V @. " 7 G.V c.,g ".GG.G/1 " L.G >U @ c c1. ž, G, GG. Oa.G Š $h " G,.G> : G " Š@.G. 1@1. 1.. k k.g.f@. >@ h> O" :n xcvÿ{ ƒqtxcv x}fÿu xngxn" )u f " 1l@ 1@1, G, GG. Š., [.Žg 6 e 1 G 1, G, 1G. GLC1 7 @. 6 ³ 6 " g1>@., G,. Ÿ Š G * O@f ". l.,a8 @. a 7 G) ) G, G /" g l7 " :@ G.[ "G Š@.GL C GŠb G.GC " gb O. 71 k.,g GG. [ G : @ r @ gg,g Ÿ,g 1N@ 1@1, @1e D "G Š@. ".@.G. ) 1 " [@:1$@ É O@ : @, G,. c).rg Š 7 )C @.G.,,i@. " [@i1e@ 1@1 ) GG. O@*., G, &'*)$' & Š G. G G. O@ C. a j 1, C 1G 1 i. G O@., @k@ h_é O@ G@7 C. 71 c. Œ.G Š ".G U G,, 1 1C ) G c,: Ÿh: 71.L @ «1N@ "r@ G.G Oj, žl @ O@ G " 1, G G @a C 1G.,, [ " @ g G., [ r@f@. @. "b C G.g G,. L., G : 1 @ "[@ G c L G " G. GG O U. i.@ G> 1@ @.G,.G/ 1 :71 G : @ G / Ÿ,., G, C Œ: 1 G Š @gg.g<@ b " O@. "G V@ O G., G.G @ : GŠ@."G.Gk1@ U r ".G.GL. G. O@ G "G Š@. ",. 1@1, G,< G G, Š O@.[ "G Š@.Gf.Ÿ,G. Œ> @ g >G.* ³.,,,."b1@G.ž G.G GG, ŽC G G @ /@ [, 1@ @. "., C1 @ GG G,kL7 G,L U, G O G " O" [@> @ < " @G., il G ), 1.7 @. " h:."[: «bg. *@..R O@
* h U "G, Š@. "b1@ 1@1 lm *% % " ', 3'&& )'% '/" ', 3'&& "2"1 1223 HO coupler input coupler flange 7cell cavity 2 7cell cavity 1 HO coupler HO coupler *% % " ', 3'&&<"2"1*1223 6 " )'% ') 2"'$'3 ) ) 3" '3 "@/"'&$ "& ')' /" 2)&&) " 3 " "%$& )'% '8&& 1 3" '32'$ 3)@'& '32"%, 1') '&$ G iu..r @ *.[ @. @,C i 1 D,. G < Ob "[.@.G ) " " G. @/ "G Š @ a É. O@ k O@G @. "G G. G1 @ G., G,:GG. Š @ /O@ G1@L1,,žclG G,. 1 @i N@ O@ ".G.G:@ :1 @ e@g. G1i, b @, G, /. G 1.kG Š O@ >1e@ T,.G i " " 7 h: @,C 1,žc.G e G 1. G N@ O@.[@Ÿ@ "[.. C@.. µ. 71 c. G. O@ "G Š Š ".GC@., G, Š 1@1. /U 1 fž,k GG.."[cg..G,.G 2 " ) " $ [@.G@ @ <@ " *l>.. 1,f " 1 r ED 1 L. O@ 6 L 1L a 1..fl> ž,."ž G @ " "G c
h D h * h. G :. 1@1, G, Š, OL1 @ T@ «.G [,C G @ 1@1, G, G, Š, G, i 1L. Š c@ 1 @..G,7 Š@. ".G 6 L @ ³ L Œ ag.g @ @. 1, f G c f 1L Š@.G,GO O@f@ LCc7%1< @ 1l@ " c,7 f 1L G." @.G G 1G 1 C1 «O@. " ". @ @ @1 @. " >G." [@ " $,G,G a, @ @ l @ "G Š@. "1@ 1@1 a D c.g 8 G@.@.G. <.,." ' 1@ É O@ a. @., G, a Š @ [ G. l. C U. ),, U c 8 e@ÿ@ Š. " @. O@ Š@. " ' @., G, a Š ž@ [ G @ 8 1N@.. µ L. G1@ 4 @ G 1 «[,G G.GC1N@ G." T g T 8$" )%" $ <,G Ž c. G Ž b O@ a., G,L.7 Š kgb @,, G Ÿ. Œ [> GŠC 1R@ É O@ T,.G @G.c. * G,,k Š cg G c@.[ "G Š@.G),."* R " T *.G. :. 8: l, 1, 1@G.N, G.N@ /g G @ G1@L1@ C1G G "[. 1, @ f@ * l@ OC. GŠ" "[.. 1 G.g ". ž@ [ G G G k71 G ",O, 1R@ l. Œ> "G Š @ @ :1@ O" [ 1 Š ku G, 1@G.> G. ' b, : " " G.k @ G, žhij. / «,." @., G, Ÿ. Š Ÿ G µ O@.L, G 1, L [@Ÿ@f a GŠ [7 g ' LHe vessel part tuner motor drive LHe vessel part *% "2"1 /"@1223 )'% '& $' "3 : 2@)$ : )2 6@ " '2'&) ) 2" %) ) 1'&& " 6 %22' ) $2)31 @ " )