,.., 1. *, 2. 2. 1, /,. 32, 55134,, opatrikaki@yahoo.gr 2,, &, 54124,, kazakis@geo.auth.gr :,, -,., 133,6 Km 2 -. ( - ) -. - -.., ( ). 23,59 m 2 951,8 m. ( ). - (G.I.S.). - -. 15%, - 12%, 635 mm. ESTIMATION OF HYDROLOGIC BALANCE OF PERDIKA S STREAM DRAINAGE BASIN, KOZANI, NW GREECE PATRIKAKI. *, SOULIOS G. and KAZAKIS. Keywords: G.I.S, Hydrologic balance, Field data, Water management. Abstract The aim of this study is to estimate the hydrological balance of the hydrological basin of Potamia stream which is located in Western Macedonia. Northern Greece. This basin also includes Variko s sub-basin which is drained by the Xiropotamos torrent, which discharges into the Potamia stream. From a geological point of view, the mountainous part of the area is covered by crystalline rocks of the Pelagoniki zone, while the semi-mountainous area and the flat area are covered by Neogene and Quaternary sediments. The study area is characterized by intense neotectonic activity and no seismic action. The main aquifer systems are developed in alluvial deposits and in fissured crystalline rocks. The estimation of the hydrological balance was based on the following equation: P=E+R+I R ±dw±dq (P: precipitation, E: evapotranspiration, R: surface runoff, I R : sub-surface runoff, dw: the fluctuation of the reserves, dq: the anthropogenic impact) using field measurements. Precipitaton was calculated by the equation of elevation and 10 o ιεθνές Υδρογεωλογικό Συνέδριο / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2014 245
precipitation [P (mm) = 0,45 H (m) +243, H: elevation ] and GIS application. The surface runoff was measured using two mechanic water level data loggers, whereas the subsurface runoff was determined by the analysis of the produced hydrograph. The anthropogenic impact was estimated using the crops, the livestock and the permanent population. The fluctuation of the reserves was estimated by the geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and the groundwater level fluctuation. The evapotranspiration was calculated by the aforementioned equation using the methods of Turc, L. (1951), Thornthwaite-Mather (1957) and Coutagne, E. (1954). In the study area the mean precipitation for the period 2004-2007 was estimated to be 635 mm, of which 72.6% corresponds to evapotranspiration, 15 % to infiltration and 12.4% to runoff. For the sub-basin of Varikos the mean precipitation was estimated to be 670 mm, of which 71.2% corresponds to evapotranspiration, 14.6 % to infiltration and 14.2% to runoff. The application of the empirical methods reveals that the methods of Turc, L. (1951) and Thornthwaite-Mather (1957) are in agreement with the calculated evapotranspiration but are in contrast with the method of Coutagne, E. (1954) that underestimates it. Finally the differences in the hydrological balance parameters between the main basin and the sub-basin of Varikos should be considered to the future water management planning in order the constraints of the water supply exploitation to be specified. 1., -. - (Kapsomenakis et al. 2011). ( 2014) -. -,, -.,. - 2004-2007. 1.1, 133,6 Km 2. 23,59 Km 2. - - 1. -. (73 m 2 ), (4,54 m 2 ) (54,72 m 2 ) ( 1)., (Patrikaki et al. 2012)., Morris Johnson (1967), - ( 2010). 246 10 th International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece / Thessaloniki, 2014
1. Table 1. Geomorphological settings of the study area (%) 26,1 34,3 (m) 874,5 951,8 (m) 1710 1550 (m) 630 690 (m) 1080 860 0,073 0,15 2. 1.. Figure 1. Geological map of the study area. 1 - ( 1986; 2013), - (P) (E), (R) (I). 2 Q. P = E+R+ (1) P=E+Q (2) - 3 ( 1986). 10 o ιεθνές Υδρογεωλογικό Συνέδριο / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2014 247
P = E+R+I R ±dw±dq (3) : I R :, dw:, dq:. 2.1 (P) -,, -., - 2004-2007. (GIS). 2.2 (E) ( ) 1, -. - Turc, L. (1951), Coutagne, E. (1954) Thornthwaite-Mather (1957) -. 2.3 (Q), ( ). - (I R ) ( ).,, dw W, (dq) (I R ), ( ) (, 1986). - (4): Q = R+I R ±dw±dq (4) - 2004. ( ). ( -.. 1989; Dimopoulos G. 1978). I R R. 2.3.1 (±dw±dq) (dq) -,,. (9) 6.270, 22.100 10.350. (2) 1.121, 3500 4300. 248 10 th International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece / Thessaloniki, 2014
230L/. - 16/6631/1989., 15%. -. -. 0,045 L/ 0,065 L/,. (dw) -. 3. 3.1 ( 2) 2004-2007 (5): P (mm) = 0,45 H (m)+242 (5) (P) ( ) 45mm 100m ( 2). 2. (2004-2007) Table 2. Meteorological stations and the mean annual precipitation for the period 2004-2007 634 515,2 740 592,9 1020 673,7 1180 781,0 2. ( 2004-2007). Figure 2. Correlation of mean annual precipitation and elevation of the study area (for the period 2004-2007). 10 o ιεθνές Υδρογεωλογικό Συνέδριο / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2014 249
1967-1991 1999-2001 : P (mm) = 0,45 H (m)+309 (6) 2004-2007. -.. (1989) +44mm/100m. - (1969-2001) 2005-06 -, 2006-07 2004-2005. 2004-07 (.. 1989). 2004-07 84,9 10 6 m 3, 635 mm. - 2004-07 15,82x10 6 m 3 670,6 mm. 3 - ( 2004-2007), 3 -. 3. ( 2004-2007). Figure 3. Distribution of the monthly temperature and rainfall of the Perdika s stream basin (for the period 2004-2007.) 3. 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007 Table 3. Distribution of the total precipitation of the Perdika s stream basin and Variko s stream sub basin for the three hydrological years 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007 2004-2005 78.18 10 6 m 3 14.5 10 6 m 3 2005-2006 115.33 10 6 m 3 21.68 10 6 m 3 2006-2007 61.13 10 6 m 3 11.25 10 6 m 3 84,9 10 6 m 3 15,82 10 6 m 3 250 10 th International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece / Thessaloniki, 2014
3.2 3.2.1 (2) ( 4) ( ). 4. ( 28/2/04 31/1/06). Figure 4. Curve of depth-flow rate of the Perdika s stream (from 28/2/04 to 31/1/06). 5. 2006-07. Figure 5. Hydrograph of the Perdika s stream for the hydrological year 2006-2007. 10 o ιεθνές Υδρογεωλογικό Συνέδριο / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2014 251
( ) (.. 1989; Dimopoulos G. 1978)., I R ( ) R ( 5). I R R : 2004 05: I R =148,8 L/sec (4,7 10 6 m 3 ), R=224,7 L/sec (7,1 10 6 m 3 ) 2005 06: I R =224,9 L/sec (7,8 10 6 m 3 ), R=657,8 L/sec (21 10 6 m 3 ) 2006 07: I R =111,7 L/sec (3,5 10 6 m 3 ), R=111,7 L/sec (3,5 10 6 m 3 ) 2004-07, I R =169,4 L/sec (5,34 10 6 m 3 ), R=331,4 L/sec (10,5 10 6 m 3 ). 3.2.2 - dq=7,44 10 6 m 3 0,81 10 6 m 3. (dw). 3.3 (1) - 61,64 10 6 m 3 (72,59%) 11,26 10 6 m 3 (71,15%). Thornthwaite-Mather (1957) - 72,7%, 69,7% -. Turc, L. (1951) - 72,9% 69,7% -. Coutagne, E. (1954) ( ) -. 4. - ( 1) - Turc, L. (1951) Thornthwaite-Mather (1957), Coutagne, E. (1954). 4. (%) ( 2004-2007) Table 4. Evapotranspiration of the Perdika s stream basin and Variko s stream sub basin (for the period 2004-2007) with different estimation methods Turc Coutagne Thornthwaite-Mather 72,9% 69,6% 72,7% 69,7% 66,8% 69,7% 3.4 2004-07 ( 5). 252 10 th International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece / Thessaloniki, 2014
2004-2007 84,92 10 6 m 3 61,64 10 6 m 3. 635 mm 461 mm. - 15,82 10 6 m 3 670 mm. 11,26 10 6 m 3 477 mm. - 15%. - 3-7% 10-20%. 55%,. 12%, 14%. 5. ( 2004-2007) Table 5. Hydrological balance of the Perdika s stream basin and Variko s stream sub basin (for the period 2004-2007) P E I R 635,63 461,38 95,66 78,59 mm 84,92 61,64 12,78 10,50 10 6 m 3 100,00 72,59 15,05 12,36 % 670,63 477,17 98,08 95,38 mm 15,82 11,26 2,31 2,25 10 6 m 3 100,00 71,15 14,62 14,23 %. -, -,. - -. 4. 2004-2007 635 mm, 670 mm. 15%. 12% -, - 14% -. 72,59%, - 71,15%. - Turc, L. (1951) Thornthwaite-Mather (1957) -, Coutagne, E. (1954) - 10 o ιεθνές Υδρογεωλογικό Συνέδριο / Θεσσαλονίκη, 2014 253
. - -. 5.. - ( ).. -. 6.,. (2013). -,,. Coutagne, A. (1954) Quelques considérations sur le pouvoir évaporant de l atmosphère, le déficit d écoulement effectif et le déficit d écoulement maximum, La Houille Blanche, 360 374. Dimopoulos, G. (1978). Die grundwasserabflussverhaltnisse im kleinen einzugsgebiet der sakovakarstquelle (Pieriabecken). Sci. Annals, Fac. Phys.&Mathem., Univ. Thessaloniki, 18, 103. - (2014). -, 181 /2014. Kapsomenakis, J., Nastos, P.T., Douvis C., Eleftheratos, K., Zerefos, C.C. (2011). Estimation of precipitation change over Greece during the 21 th century, using RCM simulations. 9 th International Hydrogeological Congress, Kalavrita. Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment. Vol. 1, pp 57-66. Morris, D.A., Johnson, A. (1967). Summary of hydrologic and physical properties of rock and soil materials as analyzed by the Hydrologic Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey 1948-1960, U.S. Gological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1839-D, 42 p. Patrikaki, O., Kazakis, N., Voudouris, K. (2012). Vulnerability map: A useful tool for groundwater protection: An example from Mouriki basin, North Greece. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, Vol. 21, 8c, p. 2516-2521.,. (2010).,,,,...,,.371.,.,.,,.,,.,,.,.,,. (1989). -.,. XXVI.,. (1986):, &. University Studio Press,. Thornthwaite C., Mather J. (1957). Instructions and tables for computing potential evaporotranspiration and water blance. Publication in Climatology, Vol. 10, No3, New Jersey. Turc, L. (1951). Nouvelle formule pour le calcul du bilan de l eau en function des valeurs moyennes annuelles des precipitations et de la temperature. C.R. Ac. Sc. Vol. 233. 254 10 th International Hydrogeological Congress of Greece / Thessaloniki, 2014