! # % & () +!,. # #. # / 0!1 +213+ 2 4..5! 1 3 1 6!!,, 3,3!,71 + 8
! # %& () +(%,+ %./ %!01 2) 2%,3204%% 52%6%7 83./,4! %%52%#9%:2,)+; 2% #!! # %& (!) +,.+/% % 0!1023..456!7%%2+!8%0,93:4!;.+&3 0 +6!7%%2+6!<=! ># 7%%2+!) +,.+/% % 0!?3. %23,0!1%+%0Α,9!<:3 6!Β90&%!Χ %Α.:! ;.+&3 0 6!7%%2+6!<=!! Β.ΑΑ%+&.:23:4!Χ 9.Α! Α!!1.ΕΦ. 90! %&!.Γ!) +,.+/% % 0!1023..45! Β90&%!Χ %Α.:!;.+&3 0! 7%%2+6!7ΗΙ!ϑΗΧ! % 0(Α.ΕΦ. 90 Κ:9+(:%! #3(.2,<.% 89%! Γ3ΦΑ.,0Α 3 043:. +! 4 %:.32! 0ΦΑ!,.: Α3Φ %+!.! +9. 2%Α! + 0Φ3 3 5! 0:2!! &Α.Λ32%+! 0 0,9 %:! Γ.Α! 9%!.:4! 9%02!.Γ! Φ3,%&+! %:2.:! 0:2! 9%! 4 %:.9 %Α0! 340 %: +(!89%!+ &%Α3.Α!+3 %!.Γ!0 0,9 %:!.Γ! 9%!.:4!9%02!.Γ!Φ3,%&+!ΜΦ3,%&+! 0:,9.Α#! Α%&Α%+%: +! 0! +3 %!.Γ! 3:Ν Α5!.! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! Ε9%Α%! %0Α3:4! 05! %Ο %:2!3:.! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!0+!Ε%!0+!0: %Α3.Α!0:2Π.Α!&.+ %Α3.Α!.! 9%!Φ3,%&+! 0:,9.Α(!Η,9! %0Α+!0Α%!/:.Ε:!0+!Η &%Α3.Α!70ΦΑ!Χ: %Α3.Α!.!Θ.+ %Α3.Α!ΜΗ7ΧΘ#! %0Α+! 0:2! 0Α%! 0!,0 +%!.Γ! Φ. 9! +9. 2%Α! 3:+ 0Φ3 3 5! 0:2!&03:(! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+! 0Α%! ΓΑ%Ρ %: 5!+%%:!3:! 9.+%! :2%Α 0/3:4!Α%&% 3 3Λ%!ΓΑ%Ρ %:!.Λ%Α!0Α!0, 3Λ3 5!+,9! 0+! 9Α.Ε3:4!0 9 % %+!0:2!+Ε3 %Α+(!893+!0Α 3, %!Ε3!Α%Λ3%Ε! 9%! %,90:3+ +!0:2! 5&%+!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+!0:2! 9%!3 043:4!0&&%0Α0:,%+(!Σ!Ε3!0 +.!23+, ++!0++.,30 %2! 3:Ν Α3%+!0:2!&3 Γ0 +!3:!2304:.+3:4! 9%+%!3:Ν Α3%+(! = >8 2 (% Η9. 2%Α6!)1Σ6!)1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&956!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α6!Σ: %Α:0!Σ &3:4% %:!?+.2 0<.) +% 89%!4 %:.32! 0ΦΑ!3+!0:!3 &.Α 0:!Γ3ΦΑ.,0Α 3 043:. +!+ Α, Α%!Ε93,9!+%ΑΛ%+!.! 2%%&%:! 9%! 4 %:.32!,.: Α3Φ 3:4!.! 9%! + 0Φ3 3 5!.Γ! 9%! 4 %:.9 %Α0! Ν.3: (! Τ :, 3.:0 5! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! 3+! 3 &.Α 0:! 0+! 9%! +3 %!.Γ! 0 0,9 %:!.Γ! 9%!.:4!9%02!.Γ!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!.:.! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α!4 %:.32!Α3 (!Η &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!
0: %Α3.Α!&.+ %Α3.Α!ΜΗ7ΧΘ#! %0Α+!0Α%!0!,..:!,0 +%!.Γ!3:+ 0Φ3 3 5!0:2!+9. 2%Α! &03:(!!89%!Α%&.Α %2!3:,32%:,%!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+!Λ0Α3%+!Ε3 93:! 9%!& Φ 3+9%2! 3 %Α0 Α%Υ! 9%!.Α343:0!+ 23%+! 2%+,Α3Φ3:4! 93+! 5&%!.Γ! 3:Ν Α5!.! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!Α%&.Α!0!&Α%Λ0 %:,%!.Γ!Φ% Ε%%:!ς(ΩΞ!0:2! (ΨΞ!Ζ 6!>[(!!893+!Γ34 Α%! 3:,Α%0+%+! 2Α0 0 3,0 5! Ε9%:!,.:+32%Α3:4!.Λ%Α9%02! 9Α.Ε3:4! 0 9 % %+! 0:2! 90+! Φ%%:!+9.Ε:!.!Φ%!0+!9349!0+!> Ξ!3:!&0 3%: +! :2%Α4.3:4!+9. 2%Α!0Α 9Α.+,.&5! Ζς[(!! Χ! Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:! 3+! 0:! 0,Ρ 3Α%26! + 0 5! Α0 0 3,6! %+3.:!.Γ! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! Ε93,9!3+!,%: Α%2!0Α. :2! 9%!Φ3,%&+!0:,9.Α!Φ!,0:!%Ο %:2!.!3:, 2%! 9%!0: %Α3.Α!.Α! &.+ %Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! 0:2!. 9%Α! + ΑΑ. :23:4! + Α, Α%+(! 89%!.+!,..:! %,90:3+ +!.Γ! 3:Ν Α5! 3:, 2%! Α%&% 3 3Λ%! 3,Α. Α0 0! +%,.:20Α5!.!.Λ%Α9%02! 9Α.Ε3:4! 5&%!.Λ% %: 6!.Α!0!Γ0!.:.! 9%!. + Α%,9%2!90:2(!!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+!,0:!Φ%! 23ΓΓ3,!.! 2304:.+%!, 3:3,0 5! 0+! +5 &. +! 0Α%!.Γ %:!:.:]+&%,3Γ3,Υ!&0 3%: +! 2%+,Α3Φ%! 9%! +%:+0 3.:!.Γ!&.&&3:46!, 3,/3:4!.Α!,0,93:4! 0.:4+32%! +5 &. +!.Γ! 4%:%Α0 3+%2! Ε%0/:%++! 0:2! + 3ΓΓ:%++! 3:! 9%! 0ΓΓ%, %2! +9. 2%Α(! Θ0 3%: +! 0Α%! 5&3,0 5! 5. :4! 0:2! 0Α%!.Γ %:!&Α.:%!.! Α%&% 3 3Λ%!.Λ%Α9%02!.Λ% %: +! +,9! 0+! +Ε3 %Α+!0:2! 9Α.Ε3:4!0 9 % %+(!!89%Α%!3+!0!+ Α.:4!0++.,30 3.:!Ε3 9!,.:, ΑΑ%:! +9. 2%Α! 3:Ν Α3%+! 3:, 23:4!&0Α 30! 93,/:%++! Α. 0.Α!, ΓΓ! %0Α+6!?0:/0Α! %+3.:+! 0:2!4 %:.9 %Α0!,9.:2Α. 0 0,30!Ζϑ[(!! 89%!&%%!Φ0,/! %,90:3+!90+!Φ%%:!+9.Ε:!.!Φ%!3 &.Α 0:!3:! 9%!0% 3..45!.Γ! Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+6!.Α!0! %0+!0!+&%,3Γ3,!+ Φ+%!.Γ! 9%+%!3:Ν Α3%+6! 5&3,0 5!43Λ3:4!Α3+%!.! 0!&.+ %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! %0Α!Ζ [(!89%!&%%!Φ0,/! %,90:3+!Ε0+!&Α.&.+%2!Φ5!? Α/90Α! 0:2!).Α40:!Ε9.!+ 44%+ %2! 90!Ε9%:! 9%!0Α!3+!&!3:.!0!_,.,/%2!&.+3 3.:!Γ.Α! 9Α.Ε3:46! 95&%Α]%Ο %Α:0! Α. 0 3.:! 3:! 9%! 0Φ2, %2! &.+3 3.:! &Α.2,%+! &.+ %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! Ε3+ 3:4!Γ.Α,%+!.:! 9%!Φ3,%&+] 0ΦΑ0!,. & %Ο!Ε93,9!_&%%! 9%! Φ3,%&+! %:2.:! ΓΑ.! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 4 %:.32! %023:4!.! 0! Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:! Ζ 6! [(!! Σ! 3+! + 44%+ %2! 9%! +0 %!&Α.,%++!%Λ%: 0 5! %02+!.!&0Α 30! 93,/:%++! :2%Α+ ΑΓ0,%! %0Α3:4!.Γ! 9%!&.+ %Α3.Α!0+&%,!.Γ! 9%!+ &Α0+&3:0 +! %:2.:!ΖΙ[(!89%!0++.,30 3.:! Ε3 9!&0Α 30! 93,/:%++!Α. 0.Α!, ΓΓ! %0Α+!:%%2+!.!Φ%!Α%,.4:3+%2!Ε9%:!Α%Λ3%Ε3:4! 9%!3 043:4!.Γ!&0 3%: +!Ε3 9!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+(!α93 %! 9%!%Λ32%:,%!Ε. 2!+ 44%+!0:! 3 &.Α 0:!Α. %!Γ.Α! 9%!&%%!Φ0,/! %,90:3+!3:! 9%!0% 3..45!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+6!3!3+!
&.++3Φ %! 90! 9%! %,90:3+!.Γ!3:Ν Α5!Λ0Α3%+!3:! 9%!23ΓΓ%Α%:! 5&%+!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α! 90!90Λ%!Φ%%:!2%+,Α3Φ%2(!! Β 3:3,0! %+ +!90Λ%!&Α.Λ%:!.!Φ%!%Ρ 3Λ.,0!Γ.Α!Η7ΧΘ!3:Ν Α3%+!3:!0! 0Α4%!&Α.&.Α 3.:!.Γ!,0+%+!Ε3 9!:.!+3:4 %! %+!&Α.Λ3:4!Α% 30Φ %!0:2! 9%Α%Γ.Α%!3 043:4!3+!3 &.Α 0:! 3:! 9%!Ε.Α/] &!.Γ! 9%+%! %+3.:+(!!?4,;)+;%. </+) 0 (% )1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!90+!Φ%%:!+9.Ε:!.!90Λ%!Φ. 9!9349!+%:+3 3Λ3 5!0:2!+&%,3Γ3,3 5!Γ.Α! 2304:.+3:4!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+!Ε3 9!+ &%Α3.Α!Α%+ +!Ε9%:!,. &0Α%2!Ε3 9!+ 0:20Α2!)1! 3 043:4! ΖΨ[(! Η 23%+!90Λ%! +9.Ε:! 9%! +%:+3 3Λ3 5!.Γ!)1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!.!Φ%! Φ% Ε%%:!Ψ>!0:2! ββξ!ε3 9!0!+&%,3Γ3,3 5!.Γ!Φ% Ε%%:!Ι!0:2!ΩΨΞ!ΖΩ] >[(!!893+! %,9:3Ρ %!3+! 9%Α%Γ.Α%! 9%!.+!,..: 5! +%2!Γ.Α!.Γ!3 043:4!3:Λ%+ 340 3.:!Γ.Α! 3: %ΑΑ.40 3.:!.Γ! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ (!! 89%! + &%Α3.Α! 2304:.+ 3,!,0&0Φ3 3 5!.Γ! 23Α%,!)1Σ! 0Α 9Α.4Α0&95! 3+! Α% 0 %2!.! 9%! 23+ %:+3.:!.Γ! 9%! Ν.3:! 0+!,. &0Α%2! Ε3 9!,.:Λ%: 3.:0!)1Σ6! 9%Α%Φ5! 0.Ε3:4! &0++04%!.Γ!,.: Α0+! 3:.! + 0! %0Α+! Ε93,9! Ε. 2!. 9%ΑΕ3+%! 4.! :2% %, %2! 3:! 0! :.:!23+ %:2%2!Ν.3: (! 3+02Λ0: 04%+!.Γ! 93+! %,9:3Ρ %!.Λ%Α!,.:Λ%: 3.:0!)1Σ! 3:, 2%!3 +!3:9%Α%:!3:Λ0+3Λ%!:0 Α%!Ε93,9!3:! Α:!,0ΑΑ3%+!0!+ 0!Α3+/!.Γ!3:Γ%, 3.:6! Φ %%23:4!0:2!&.+!&Α.,%2 Α0!23+,. Γ.Α!Ζ ς[(!;.ε%λ%α6! 9%+%!,. & 3,0 3.:+!.,, Α!3:ΓΑ%Ρ %: 5!0:2!.+!&0 3%: +!. %Α0 %! 93+!&Α.,%2 Α%!Ε% (!Σ: Α0!0Α 3, 0Α!,.: Α0+!90+!Φ%%:!+9.Ε:!.!Φ%!%+&%,30 5! +%Γ!3:! 9%!23ΓΓ%Α%: 30 3.:!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+!ΓΑ.!0:0. 3,!Λ0Α30: +!Ζ ϑ6! [(!!! Σ:23Α%,!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!0 +.! +9.Ε+! 4..2!0,, Α0,5! Γ.Α! 9%! 2304:.+3+!.Γ! Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+! +3:4!0Α 9Α.+,.&5!0+! 9%!4. 2!+ 0:20Α2!Ζ [(!!89%Α%!3+!%Λ32%:,%!.!+ 44%+! 90! 93+! %,9:3Ρ %!3+!.Α%!+%:+3 3Λ%!Φ! %++!+&%,3Γ3,! 90:!,.:Λ%: 3.:0!)1!3:! 2% %, 3.:!.Γ! 0ΦΑ0! %0Α+!Ζ >[6!0:2! 90!3:,.Α&.Α0 3:4!0!&.+!3:Ν%, 3.:!%Ο%Α,3+%! Α%43 %!,0:!Γ Α 9%Α!3 &Α.Λ%!Α%+ +(!!α9%:!,. &0Α%2!Ε3 9!23Α%,!0Α 9Α.4Α0&956! 0:! 3:23Α%,! %,9:3Ρ %!.ΦΛ30 %+! 9%! :%%2! Γ.Α! 0:! 3:Λ0+3Λ%! &Α.,%2 Α%!.! 9%! +9. 2%Α6! 9%Α%Φ5! Α%2,3:4! Α3+/!.Γ! 3:Γ%, 3.:! 0:2!&.+!&Α.,%2 Α0!&03:! 0:2! 0 +.! Α%.Λ%+! 9%! :%%2! Γ.Α! 3.:3+3:4! Α0230 3.:! %Ο&.+ Α%!.! 9%! &0 3%: (! 89%! 23+02Λ0: 04%+!.Γ!3:23Α%,!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!3:, 2%! 0,/!.Γ!,.: Α. %2!Ν.3:!23+ %:+3.:!
0:2! %:90:,% %:!.Γ! 0! 3: Α0! 0Α 3, 0Α! Λ0+, 0Α3+%2! + Α, Α%+6! &. %: 30 5! %023:4!.! 9%!.Λ%Α!%+ 3 0 3.:!.Γ!&0 9..45!Ζ ς6! Ι[(!! 89%Α%! 3+! 0 +.!%Λ32%:,%!.! + 44%+! 90! Β8! 0Α 9Α.4Α0&95! 05! 0 +.! Φ%! +%2!.! 23+ 3:4 3+9! Φ% Ε%%:!:.Α 0! Λ0Α30: +! 0:2! Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+! Φ! Ε3 9! +34:3Γ3,0: 5! 2%,Α%0+%2!,0&0Φ3 3 5!.Γ!+ 043:4!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+!,. &0Α%2!Ε3 9!)1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95! Ζ Ψ[(!73 3 0 3.:+!.Γ! 93+! %,9:3Ρ %!3:, 2%!&..Α!0++%++ %:!.Γ!0++.,30 %2!&0Α 30! 93,/:%++!Α. 0.Α!, ΓΓ! %0Α+6!Α%2,%2!+%:+3 3Λ3 5!.! 9%!2% %, 3.:!.Γ!&0Α0! 0ΦΑ0!,5+ +6!3:0Φ3 3 5!.!0++%++!Φ.:%! 0ΑΑ.Ε!0:2! 9%!:%,%++3 5!Γ.Α!Α0230 3.:!%Ο&.+ Α%(!! < Α0+. :2!3 043:4!,0::.!Φ%!Α% 30Φ 5! +%2!.!%Λ0 0 %! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ 6!Φ! 9%!&.+ %Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! 3+! Ε%! +%%:! +3:4! 0! Α0:+Λ%Α+%! 0&&Α.0,9! 0:2! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+! %Ο %:23:4! 3:.! 93+!&.Α 3.:!.Γ! 9%! 0ΦΑ! 05! Φ%! 2%.:+ Α0 %2!.:! Α0+. :2! ΜΤ34 Α%! #(!Χ++.,30 %2!Α. 0.Α!, ΓΓ! %0Α+!Ε3!0 +.!Φ%!Ε%!2%.:+ Α0 %2! +3:4! 93+!.20 3 5(!! Α&,(()Β)<,.) +% χα343:0 5!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+!Ε%Α%!2%+,Α3Φ%2!Φ5!Η:52%Α!0:2!, 0++3Γ3%2!3:.!Γ. Α! 5&%+!ΜΣ!.! Σδ#Υ! 93+! Α% 03:+! 9%!.+! Ε32% 5! Α%,.4:3+%2!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:! +5+ %! Ζ>[(!! 89%! Η:52%Α!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:!,.:+32%Α+!.: 5! 9%!%Ο %:!0:2!.Α&9..45!.Γ! 9%! %0Α!0! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!0:2!Φ3,%&+!0:,9.Α(! 85&%! Σ! %+3.:+! 3:Λ. Λ%! ΓΑ053:4!.Γ! 9%! :2%Α+ ΑΓ0,%!.Γ! 9%! Φ3,%&+! 0:,9.Α! Φ! Ε3 9.!0!ΓΑ0:/! %0Α!.Γ! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α!&.Α 3.:!.Γ! 9%!4 %:.32! 0ΦΑ!ΜΤ34 Α%!>#(! 893+!Γ3:23:4!3+!,..: 5!+%%:!3:!0+5 &. 0 3,!&0 3%: +!Ε9%Α%!3!3+! 3/% 5!.!Φ%! 04%!Α% 0 %2(! 893+! 5&%!.Γ! %0Α! 05! Φ%!&0Α 3, 0Α 5! 3 &.Α 0:! 3:! 5. :4! 0 9 % 3,! &0 3%: +!Ε9.!&%ΑΓ.Α!Α%&% 3 3Λ%!.Λ%Α9%02!.Λ% %: +(!! 85&%!ΣΣ! %0Α+!0Α%! 9%!.+!,..:!+ Φ! 5&%!.Γ!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+!0:2!90Λ%!Φ%%:!+9.Ε:!.!0,,. :!Γ.Α!0&&Α.Ο3 0 % 5!ϑβ] βξ!.γ! %+3.:+!Ζ>6! Ω[(!!89%5!3:Λ. Λ%! %0Α3:4!.Γ! 9%! 0ΦΑ!Ε3 9!2% 0,9 %:!.Γ!Φ. 9! 9%!Φ3,%&+!0:,9.Α!0:2! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! ΓΑ.! 9%! :2%Α 53:4! 4 %:.32! ΜΤ34 Α%! ς#(! 89%! 85&%! ΣΣ! %0Α+! 0Α%! + Φ23Λ32%2! 3:.! 9Α%%!Γ Α 9%Α!4Α. &+!0,,.Α23:4!.! 9%!.,0 3.:!.Γ! 9%! %0Α!Ζ>β[(!Χ! 5&%!ΣΣΧ!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:! 3:Λ. Λ%+! %0Α3:4!.Γ! 9%! 0: %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ 6! 3:!,.: Α0+! 9%! ΣΣ?! %0Α! 0ΓΓ%, +! 9%!&.+ %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ (!89%! 5&%!ΣΣΒ! %0Α!%Ο %:2+!Φ. 9!0: %Α3.Α!0:2! &.+ %Α3.Α!.! 9%!Φ3,%&+!0:,9.Α(!89%!.,0 3.:!.Γ! 9%!+ Φ 5&%!.Γ! 5&%!ΣΣ! %0Α!Α% 0 %+!.! 9%! %,90:3+!.Γ!3:Ν Α5(!89%!&.+ %Α.+ &%Α3.Α!ΜΣΣ?#! %0Α!3+!+%%:!0+!0!Α%+!.Γ!
9%!&%% ]Φ0,/! %,90:3+! 0:2!3+! +%%:! 3:! 9Α.Ε3:4! 0 9 % %+(! Σ! 3+! + 44%+ %2! 93+! &0 %Α:!3+!0++.,30 %2!Ε3 9! :2%Α+ ΑΓ0,%! %0Α3:4!.Γ! 9%!&.+ %Α.+ &%Α3.Α!Α. 0.Α!, ΓΓ! Ζ [(!!89%! 0: %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! ΜΣΣΧ#! %0Α! 3+!,..: 5! 0++.,30 %2! Ε3 9! 0Α 3, 0Α! + ΑΓ0,%!&0Α 30! 93,/:%++! %0Α+! 3:Λ. Λ3:4! 9%! 0: %Α3.Α! + &Α0+&3:0. +!/:.Ε:! 0+! 9%! Η7ΧΒ! ΜΗ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! 0: %Α3.Α!, ΓΓ#! %+3.:6! 93+! 05! 0 +.! Α% 0 %!.! 3,Α.3:+ 0Φ3 3 5!0:2Π.Α!3: %Α:0!3 &3:4% %:!Ζ> [(! Χ! 5&%!ΣΣΣ!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α!90+!0!Φ,/%!90:2 %!,.:Γ34 Α0 3.:!3:Λ. Λ3:4! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! Ε3 9! 9%!,%: Α0!&.Α 3.:!.Γ! 9%! %0Α! Φ%3:4! 23+& 0,%2! 3:.! 9%! Ν.3: 6! 9.Ε%Λ%Α! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!3+!:.!3:Λ. Λ%2!ΜΤ34 Α%!ϑ#(!85&%!Σδ! %+3.:+!0 +.!90Λ%!0! Φ,/%!90:2 %!,.:Γ34 Α0 3.:6!Φ!3:! 93+!,0+%! 9%! %0Α!%Ο %:2+!3:.! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:! ΜΤ34 Α%! #(! 89%+%! 5&%+!.Γ! %+3.:! 90Λ%! +3 3 0Α! ΓΑ%Ρ %:,3%+!.Γ! 0Α. :2! ς] Ξ!Ζ>[!Ζϑ[!0:2!0Α%! 9. 49!.!.Γ %:!Α% 0 %!.!0!Γ0!.:!0:!. + Α%,9%2!90:2(! Σ! 3+! Α%,.4:3+%2! 90! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+! 05!%Ο %:2! Γ Α 9%Α! 0Α. :2! 9%! 0ΦΑ!.Α! 3:.!. 9%Α! + Α, Α%+! 0:2! 93+! 90+! %2!.! +. %! &0Α 3%+! &Α.&.+3:4! 0!.Α%!,. &Α%9%:+3Λ%!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:!+,9% %!.!3:, 2%! 9%!+.!,0 %2!_%Ο %:2%2!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+!Ζ>>6!>ς[(!89%!2%+,Α3& 3.:!.Γ! 9%+%! %0Α+!90+!Φ%%:!+ 0Α3+%2!3:!80Φ %! (! 85&%+! Σ]Σδ! 0Α%! :,90:4%2!,. &0Α%2! Ε3 9! 9%!.Α343:0!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:! +5+ %! 0+! 2%+,Α3Φ%2! 0Φ.Λ%(! 89%+%! %0Α+! 0.:4! Ε3 9! 5&%! δσ! Α%&Α%+%:! Λ0Α53:4! 2%4Α%%+!.Γ! 2% 0,9 %:! 0:2! 23+& 0,% %:!.Γ! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ 6!%3 9%Α! Ε3 9!.Α! Ε3 9.! %Ο %:+3.:! 3:.! 9%! Φ3,%&+6! Ε93,9! 0Α%! 3/% 5!.! Φ%! +5 &. 0 3,! 0:2!.! Α%Ρ 3Α%! + Α4%Α5(! 89%! Α% 03:3:4! 5&%+! 2%+,Α3Φ%! %0Α+! Ε93,9! 3:Λ. Λ%! 9%! + ΑΑ. :23:4! + Α, Α%+! 0:2! 05! Φ%!,.:+32%Α%2! 0+!%Ο %:2%2! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α+(! χ 9%Α! 0:0. 3,! + Α, Α%+! 3:Λ. Λ%2! 3:, 2%! 9%! 0: %Α.3:Γ%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! Μ 5&%! δ#6! 322 %! 4 %:.9 %Α0! 340 %:!ΜδΣΣ#!ΜΤ34 Α%! #!0:2!&.+ %Α.3:Γ%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!ΜδΣΣΣ#!ΜΤ34 Α%! Ι#(!! 893+! Α%Λ3+%2!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:! +5+ %! 3+!.Γ %:!,.:+32%Α%2!,. & %Ο! 0:2! :Ε3% 25Υ! 0! Γ Α 9%Α!&Α.Φ %! 3+! 90! 9%Α%! 3+! +. %! 0 Φ34 3 5! Φ% Ε%%:! 9%!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:!,..: 5! 2%+,Α3Φ%2! 3:! 9%! Α023..43,0! 3 %Α0 Α%! Μ% &.5%2! 9%Α%#! 0:2! 90! 3:! 9%!+ Α43,0! 3 %Α0 Α%(!Τ.Α!3:+ 0:,%! 9%!+ Α43,0! 3 %Α0 Α%!2%+,Α3Φ%+!0! 5&%!ε! %+3.:!0+!0! %0Α!0++.,30 %2!Ε3 9!0!Α%Λ%Α+%!?0:/0Α! %+3.:!Ζ>ϑ[!Ε9%Α%0+! 9%! Α023..43,0! 3 %Α0 Α%! Ε. 2!,.:+32%Α! 90! 0+! 0! %0Α! Ε3 9! Α. 0.Α! 3: %ΑΛ0! %Ο %:+3.:!Ζ> [(!Σ:!&Α0, 3,%! 9%!Α% %Λ0:!Γ3:23:4+!,0:!Φ%!2%+,Α3Φ%2!Ε3 9.! 9%! :%%2! Γ.Α! 2% %Α 3:3:4! 9%! 5&%!.Γ! %0Α6! 9%!.+! 3 &.Α 0:! Γ0,.Α+! Φ%3:4!.!
2%+,Α3Φ%! 9%!%Ο %:!.Γ! 9%! %0Α6! 9%!3:Λ. Λ% %:!.Γ! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!0:2! %Ο %:+3.:! 3:.! 0:5! + ΑΑ. :23:4! + Α, Α%+! 0:2! 0:5! Γ 3&&%2!.Α! 23+& 0,%2! ΓΑ04 %: +(! φ%λ%α 9% %++! 9%! 0,, Α0,5!.Γ! 93+! 2%+,Α3& 3.:! 3+! 3 &.Α 0:! 0+! 9%! 3:Λ. Λ% %:!.Γ!. 9%Α!+ Α, Α%+!Ε3!3:Γ %:,%! 9%!.&%Α0 3Λ%! 0:04% %:!Ζ>ϑ[(!!,2,&,32,&%<>(.% Χ!2304:.+ 3,!, %!.! 9%Α%!Φ%3:4!0!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:!,0:!Φ%! 9%!&Α%+%:,%!.Γ!0!&0Α0 0ΦΑ0!,5+ (!89%+%! 05!:.!Γ3!Ε3 9!402. 3:3!.:!)1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!Φ!0Α%!Ε%!+9.Ε:!.:!8>!Ε%349 %2!3 043:4!0:2! 05!.,,0+3.:0 5!Φ%!&3,/%2! &!.:! Α0+. :2(!89%5! + 0 5!,. :3,0 %!Ε3 9! 9%! 0ΦΑ0! %0Α!0:2!.Γ %:!%Ο %:2!3:.! 9%!+&3:.4 %:.32! :.,9!ΜΤ34 Α%!Ψ#!Ε9%Α%! 9%5! 05!,0 +%!,. &Α%++3.:!.Γ! 9%!+ &Α0+&3:0 +!:%ΑΛ%! 0:2!0++.,30 %2!3:ΓΑ0+&3:0 +! +, %!0 Α.&95(!ΣΓ! 9%!,5+!%Ο %:2+!Λ%Α5!0: %Α3.Α 5! 9%Α%! 05!0 +.!Φ%!0 Α.&95!.Γ! 9%!+ &Α0+&3:0 +! +, %!Φ% 5(! Χ 24,&%,2),+.(% 2(0(%! # %& () +(% 89%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ 6!&0Α 3, 0Α 5!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%!!.γ,.,/!0:2!!.γ,.,/!&.+3 3.:+6! 3+! 9%!.+!,..:!+3 %!Γ.Α!Λ0Α30: +!.Γ! 9%!,9.:2Α.! 0ΦΑ0!Ν :, 3.:(!!Χ! 93+!+3 %! 9%! Γ3ΦΑ%+!.Γ! 9%!.:4! 9%02!.Γ! Φ3,%&+! %:2.:! Φ %:2! Ε3 9! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!.! Γ.Α! 9%! Φ3,3&3 0 ] 0ΦΑ0!,. & %Ο(! 89%! 0:0. 3,0! Α% 0 3.:+93&! Φ% Ε%%:! 9%! Φ3,%&+! %:2.:! 3:+%Α 3.:! 0:2! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! 3+! 9349 5! Λ0Α30Φ %(! Σ:! 0! 5&%! Σ! 0 0,9 %:! 9%! 0ΦΑ0! Φ3,3&3 0!,. & %Ο! 0 0,9%+! Γ3Α 5!.! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 4 %:.32! Α3!+.! 90!.:!)1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!:.!,.: Α0+!Ε3!&0++!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%+%! Ε.! + Α, Α%+(! Σ:! 0! 5&%! ΣΣ! 0 0,9 %:! 9%Α%! 3+! 0! + 0!Α%,%++!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%!4 %:.32! 0:2! 9%!4 %:.32!Α3!0:2! 9%!Φ3,%&+(!Χ! 5&%!ΣΣΣ!0 0,9 %:!3:Λ. Λ%+!0!2%%&!+, +! Φ% Ε%%:! 9%!4 %:.32!0:2! 9%!02Ν0,%:!Φ3,%&+(!!!03&,32,&%7 < ((% 89%! + Φ 0ΦΑ0! Α%,%++! 90+! +.. 9! 0Α43:+! 0:2! +9. 2!:.! %0+ Α%!.Α%! 90:! >!3:! 0Ο3!2%& 9!0!0:5!&.3: (!893+!:.Α 0!Λ0Α30:!3+! + 0 5!+%%:!Ε3 93:! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%!!.γ,.,/!0:2!!.γ,.,/!&.+3 3.:+!0! 9%!+3 %!.Γ! 0 0,9 %:!.Γ! 9%!.:4!9%02!.Γ!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!.:.! 9%!4 %:.32!Α3 (!Σ!90+!Φ%%:! 2., %: %2! 90! 9%!Α%,%++!+9. 2!:.!%Ο %:2!&.+ %Α3.Α!.! 9%!Φ3,%&+!0:,9.Α6! 9.Ε%Λ%Α6!.Α%!Α%,%: 5! 93+!90+!Φ%%:!23+& %2!Ζ> [(!Η%Λ%Α0!Γ Α 9%Α!+ 23%+!90Λ%! Α%&.Α %2! 23ΓΓ%Α%:! Γ%0 Α%+! +%2!.! 23+ 3:4 3+9! Φ% Ε%%:! 9%! Α%,%++! 0:2! 0! Η7ΧΘ!
5&%!ΣΣ! %0Α!Φ! 9%+%!.Γ %:!2%+,Α3Φ%!,.:Γ 3, 3:4!+34:+!Ζ> 6!>Ι6!>Ψ[(!;.Ε%Λ%Α! 9%! 0Ν.Α3 5!.Γ!0 9.Α+!04Α%%! 90!+.. 9!+ &%Α. %230!%Ο %:+3.:!0+!.&&.+%2!.! 0 %Α0 5!, ΑΛ%2!9349!+34:0!3: %:+3 5!3:.! 9%! 0ΦΑ0!+ Φ+ 0:,%!3+!0!Α% 30Φ %!Ε05!.Γ! 23+ 3:4 3+93:4!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%+%! Ε.!%: 3 3%+!ΜΤ34 Α%!Ω#(!!!03&,32,&%Ε 2,4 +% Χ!+ Φ 0ΦΑ0!Γ.Α0 %:!3+!+%%:!3:!0&&Α.Ο3 0 % 5! Ξ!.Γ! 9%!&.& 0 3.:!Ζ>Ω[6!0:2!3:!,.: Α0+!.!0!+ Φ 0ΦΑ0!Α%,%++6!3+!+3 0 %2!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%! >!.γ,.,/!0:2! 9%!>!.γ,.,/!&.+3 3.:+!0:2!0: %Α3.Α!.! 9%!0 0,9 %:!.Γ! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:(!89%! Γ.Α0 %:! 90+! +.. 9!%24%+! 0:2! 3+!.Α3%: 0 %2! %230 5!.Ε0Α2+! 9%! 4 %:.32! 3:!,.: Α0+!.!0! %0Α!Ε93,9!.Γ %:!90+!.Α%!3ΑΑ%4 0Α! 0Α43:+!0:2!3+!.Α3%: 0 %2!3:!0!.Α%! 0 %Α0!23Α%, 3.:(!!Σ!3+!&.++3Φ %! 90!Φ. 9!0!+ Φ 0ΦΑ0!Γ.Α0 %:!0:2!+ Φ 0ΦΑ0! Α%,%++! 05!,.]%Ο3+ 6!0:2!%3 9%Α!.:%! 05!&. %: 30 5!Φ%!3:,.ΑΑ%, 5!2304:.+%2!0+!0! 0ΦΑ0! %0Α(! ( 0 %! # %.,2% Σ:!0223 3.:!.! 9%! 0ΦΑ0!.Α343:6! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!0 +.!90+!0:!0 0,9 %:!.Α%! %230 5!.:.! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 4 %:.32! Φ%Α, %(! Χ! + 0! +5:.Λ30! 3:%2! +, +! 05! %Ο3+!Φ% Ε%%:! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!0:2! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!Ζςβ[(!893+!90+!0! Λ0Α30Φ %! 2%& 9! Φ! + 0 5! Γ3 +! Ε3 9!,.: Α0+!.:! 0Α 9Α.4Α0&95! 0:2! 3+! Φ%+! 0&&Α%,30 %2!.:!.Φ 3Ρ %!,.Α.:0!3 043:4(!Χ!2%%&!+, +! 05! 3 3,!0!Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:! 0:2!90+!Φ%%:! %Α %2! 9%!&+% 2.!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α!Ζς 6!ς>[!ΜΤ34 Α%! β#(!!! Φ0Β 2 %Α 41& Γ% Χ!? Γ.Α2!,. & %Ο!3+!+%%:!3:! ( Ξ!.Γ! 9%!&.& 0 3.:!Ζ>Ω[!0:2!3+! 9%! %Α! +%2!.! 2%+,Α3Φ%! 0:! 0:0. 3,0! Λ0Α30:! 3:! Ε93,9! 9%Α%! 3+! 93,/%:3:4!.Γ! 9%! 322 %! 4 %:.9 %Α0! 340 %:!3:!0++.,30 3.:!Ε3 9!0Φ+%:,%!.Γ! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ (!!Σ!3+! 3 &.Α 0:!:.!.! 3+3: %Α&Α%! 93+! Γ3:23:4! 0+! %0Α3:4!.Α! 2% 0,9 %:!.Γ! 9%! + &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ Υ! 0! 0Α 9Α.+,.&5! 0!? Γ.Α2!,. & %Ο! 05! Φ%! 3+3: %Α&Α% %2! 0+! 0! &.+ ] Α0 0 3,! 0ΦΑ0!2% 0,9 %:!0:2!0 0,9%2!+ Α43,0 5!.! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! η!0!&. %: 30!,0 +%!.Γ!Γ03 %2!+ Α4%Α5(!893+!:.Α 0!Λ0Α30:!3+!Φ%+!0&&Α%,30 %2!.:! 0Ο30!Γ0 ]+0 Α0 %2!8 ]Ε%349 %2!0Α 9Α.4Α0&93,!3 04%+!ΜΤ34 Α%! #(!
(.%(02;)<,&%,11,2,+< (Η%% 89%!&Α3 0Α5! 03!.Γ! 0Α 9Α.+,.&5! 3:! 9%! Α%0 %:!.Γ! Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+! 3+!.! Α%0 0,9! 9%!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!.! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ (!89%!&.+ ].&%Α0 3Λ%! 0ΦΑ! 05! 0&&%0Α! Α :,0 %2!.Α!23 3: 3Λ%!Φ!+9. 2!Φ%!%Λ0 0 %2!.:!3 043:4!3:!0!+3 3 0Α! Ε05!.! 9%!:0 3Λ%! 0ΦΑ (! Ο %:+3.:!.Γ!,.: Α0+!3:.!.Α!2%%&!.! 9%! 0ΦΑ! +9. 2!Φ%!3: %Α&Α% %2!0+!0!Α%] %0Α!ΜΤ34 Α%! >#(!! Α +<&0() +%% Η7ΧΘ! %+3.:+! 0Α%! 0:! 3 &.Α 0:!,0 +%!.Γ! +9. 2%Α!&03:6!&0Α 3, 0Α 5! 3:! 0 9 % %+! Ε9.!&%ΑΓ.Α! Α%&% 3 3Λ%!.Λ%Α9%02!.Λ% %: (! 89%+%! %+3.:+! 05! Φ%! 23ΓΓ3,!.! 0,, Α0 % 5! 2304:.+%!, 3:3,0 5! 0:2! 9%Α%Γ.Α%! 3 043:4!& 05+! 0:! 3 &.Α 0:! Α. %! 3:! 9%!%Λ0 0 3.:!.Γ! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!3:!0!&0 3%:!Ε3 9!+9. 2%Α!&03:(!89%! 3 043:4!.20 3 5!.Γ!,9.3,%!3:!.+!3:+ 3 3.:+!3+!)1!0Α 9Α.4Α0&95Υ!Φ!3:!+. %!,3Α, + 0:,%+! 9%Α%! 05! 0 +.! Φ%! 0! Α. %! Γ.Α! Β8! 0Α 9Α.4Α0&95!.Α! 3:23Α%,!)1! 0Α 9Α.4Α0&95(!! =:.Ε %24%!.Γ!:.Α 0!0:0. 3,!Λ0Α30: +!Ε3 93:! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!3+!3 &.Α 0:!.! 0Λ.32! 3+3: %Α&Α% 3:4! 9%+%! %+3.:+! 0+!&0 9..43,0! 0ΦΑ0! %0Α+(! Σ:! %Α +!.Γ!, 0++3Γ3,0 3.:!.Γ!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ0! %0Α+6! 9%!.+!3 &.Α 0:!Γ%0 Α%+!.!2%+,Α3Φ%!0Α%! 9%!.,0 3.:!.Γ! 9%! %0Α6! 9%!.Α&9..45!.Γ! 9%! %0Α! 0:2! 0:5!%Ο %:+3.:! 3:.! + ΑΑ. :23:4! + Α, Α%+(! Σ:! 0223 3.:! 3! 3+! 3 &.Α 0:!.! 2%+,Α3Φ%! 0:5! ΓΑ%%!.Α! 23+& 0,%2!ΓΑ04 %: +!0:2!0 +.!.!2%+,Α3Φ%!0:5!0++.,30 %2!3:Ν Α3%+!+,9!0+!Α. 0.Α!, ΓΓ!&0 9..456!,9.:2Α0!20 04%!.Α!0,Α. 3., 0Λ3, 0Α!Ν.3:!2%4%:%Α0 3.:(! %& ()!!+,../0/+ %/12!10!., 3!,4./12.!5 #! #! 6#! 78! 8ιΘ! %+,Α3& 3.:! Σ! ΣΣ! ΣΣΣ! Σδ! ΤΑ053:4!.Γ! 9%!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ (!Η%%:!0+!&0Α!.Γ! 9%!:.Α 0!043:4!&Α.,%++! 0:2! 05!Φ%!0:!3:,32%: 0!Γ3:23:4! 8%0Α!.Γ! 9%!Φ3,%&+Π 0ΦΑ0!,. & %Ο(!Η Φ23Λ32%2!3:.ϕ! Χ# 8%0Α!%Ο %:23:4!3:.! 9%!0: %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!?# 8%0Α!%Ο %:23:4!3:.! 9%!&.+ %Α.+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ! Β# 8%0Α!%Ο %:23:4!3:.!Φ. 9! 9%!0: %Α3.Α!0:2!&.+ %Α3.Α!+ &%Α3.Α! 0ΦΑ!?,/%!90:2 %! %0Α!?,/%!90:2 %! %0Α!Ε93,9!%Ο %:2+!3:.!Φ3,%&+! %:2.:!
δ! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α!%Ο %:23:4!0: %Α.3:Γ%Α3.Α 5!3:.!0!?0:/0Α! %+3.:!!!!! δσ! Τ 0&! %0Α6!&Α.Φ0Φ 5!2 %!.!0!Φ,/%!90:2 %! %0Α!Ε9%Α%! 9%!90:2 %!90+!.Α:! δσσ! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α!%Ο %:23:4!3:.! 9%! 322 %!4 %:.9 %Α0! 340 %:! δσσσ! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α!%Ο %:23:4!&.+ %Α.3:Γ%Α3.Α 5!3:.!0!Α%Λ%Α+%!?0:/0Α! %+3.:! Σε! 8%0Α3:4!.Γ! 9%! 0ΦΑ! 9Α. 49.!3 +!,3Α, Γ%Α0:,%! ε! Η7ΧΘ! %0Α!0++.,30 %2!Ε3 9!0!Α. 0.Α!3: %ΑΛ0! %0Α! 9Α. 49!Ηκ;7!
Figure Legends: Figure 1 US SLAP tear: Transverse US image of the posterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint shows a tear separating the posterosuperior labrum (arrow) from the glenoid. There is no evidence of associated joint effusion within the glenohumeral joint. G=glenoid, H=humeral head. Figure 2 SLAP type I: The lesion comprises fraying and degeneration of the superior labrum (*). There is no significant tear into the labrum or biceps tendon. Figure 3a SLAP type II: there is detachment of the superior labrum and the biceps insertion from the supraglenoid tubercle (arrows). Figure 3b SLAP type II: Contrast is seen tracking into a tear (arrow) within the superior labrum in this T1 FS coronal MR arthrogram image in a patient with a type II SLAP lesion. Figure 4a SLAP type III: a type III lesion is a tear of the superior labrum with a bucket handle configuration with the biceps anchor remaining intact. Figure 4b SLAP type III: T1 FS coronal MR arthrogram image demonstrating a SLAP type III bucket handle tear of the superior labrum but with a normal biceps tendon. The bucket handle fragment is seen as a separate flap of tissue (arrow). Figure 5a: SLAP Type IV: A type IV lesion describes a tear of the superior labrum
with a bucket handle configuration with extension into the biceps tendon. A portion of the biceps anchor remains in tact. Figure 5b SLAP Type IV: Coronal T1 FS MR arthrogram image which demonstrates a SLAP lesion with a bucket handle tear of the superior labrum and extension of contrast into the biceps tendon (arrow). Figure 5c SLAP Type IV: Sagittal T1 FS MR arthrogram image in the same patient with contrast seen tracking into the substance of the long head of the biceps tendon (arrows). Figure 6a SLAP Type VII: T1 FS MR arthrogram coronal image demonstrated a tear of the superior labrum (arrow). The full extent of the tear cannot be appreciated on this single coronal image. Figure 6b SLAP Type VII: axial PD image in the same patient which shows extension of the tear into the middle glenohumeral ligament (arrow). The ligament is seen to be torn and irregular. Note also the continuation of the tear into the posterosuperior labrum. Involvement of the middle glenohumeral ligament is in keeping with a type VII SLAP tear. Figure 7a: SLAP lesion with reverse Bankart lesion. Coronal PD FS image. There is a superior labral SLAP tear with a bucket handle fragment (arrow). Figure 7b: Axial PD FS image in the same patient. There is bone oedema within the anteromedial aspect of the humeral head in keeping with recent posterior dislocation (*). In addition there is a reverse Bankart lesion shown (arrowhead) this is one of the recognized associated features of a SLAP tear. The radiology literature describes this combination of findings as a Type VIII SLAP lesion.
Figure 8 a Paralabral cyst: T2 FS MR Arthrogram coronal image demonstrating a Type II SLAP lesion (arrow) in this patient with persisting pain and clicking of the shoulder. There is also a paralabral cyst lying adjacent to the superior aspect of the glenoid within the spinoglenoid notch (arrowhead). Figure 8 b Paralabral cyst: T1 FS coronal MR arthrogram image from the same patient showing the SLAP tear (arrow). Note the cyst shown in 8a fails to fill with contrast and is much less easily visualized. This case illustrates the importance of including a T2 weighted sequence to demonstrate pathology in the surrounding tissues. Figure 9 Sub Labral Recess: Coronal T1W image from MR arthrogram demonstrating a sublabral recess (arrow). A sublabral recess should have smooth margins and is located between the 1 and 11 o clock positions. The recess should extend in a supero medial direction. Figure 10 Pseudoslap Tear: Coronal T1 MR arthrogram image shows a small contrast filled sulcus between the long head of biceps tendon and the superior labrum. This 3+! 0!:.Α 0!0&&%0Α0:,%!0:2!+9. 2!:.!Φ%! 3+3: %Α&Α% %2!0+!0!Η7ΧΘ! %0Α(! Figure 11 a Buford complex: Axial T1 image from MR arthrogram showing the thickened cord like middle glenohumeral ligament (black arrow) and absence of the anterosuperior labrum. Note normal posterior labrum (white arrow). Figure 11 b Buford complex: Sagittal T1 image in the same patient showing the enlarged middle glenohumeral ligament (arrow). Figure 12 SLAP repair: Coronal T1 FS image from MR arthrogram in a patient who has undergone repair of a previous SLAP tear. There is a suture anchor within the superior glenoid (black arrow) which is causing adjacent artifact (small white arrows). This should not be misinterpreted as contrast in a recess or tear. There is also contrast
seen within the substance of the superior labrum (large white arrow) in keeping with a re-tear. References:! (! )0ΓΓ% 6!)(α(6!κ()(!κ0Α + 0:6!0:2!?(!).+% %56!! # %& %() +%, +&. #/( 0 12 1(.,#) 3() /& 1/( 4(05 (/5 )2 %6!Χ!λ!Η&.Α +!)%26! ΩΩ (! #Μ #ϕ!&(! Ως]Ψ(! >(! Η:52%Α6!Η(λ(6!%!0 (6!!789() /& 1/( 4(05 (/5 )2 %6!ΧΑ 9Α.+,.&56! ΩΩβ(! Μϑ#ϕ!&(! >Ιϑ]Ω(! ς(! =3 6!8(=(6!%!0 (6!:)&1&. )(4 0 % /( 4(05 (2&44 % 10(0;# /( 4(!789() /& 1/<( 1( 1 );/&/( 4( 1 (5 12% 2( 12(05&%0; 1&1 (. / /6!λ!?.:%!λ.3:!Η Α4!Χ 6!>ββς(! %& (Μ #ϕ!&(! ]Ι (! ϑ(! Η:52%Α6!Η(λ(6!)(Θ(!?0:0+6!0:2!1(Θ(!=0Αµ% 6!81( 1 );/&/( 4(=>?(&1 %& /(0 (05 ( / # %& %(Α) 1 &2() +%,6!λ!Η9. 2%Α! Φ.Ε!Η Α46! ΩΩ (!)Μϑ#ϕ!&(!>ϑς]Ψ(! (! κα.++ 0:6!)(κ(6!%!0 (6!8(. 2 Β %&.(, 2 )( 4(05 (05% Χ&1Α(/5 )2 %<( ( # //&+) ( 0& ) Α;( 4(/ # %& %() +%,( 10 %& % 0 # /0 %& %() /& 1/6!λ!?.:%! λ.3:!η Α4!Χ 6!>ββ (!% Μϑ#ϕ!&(!Ψ>ϑ]ς (! (!? Α/90Α 6!Η(Η(!0:2!Β( (!).Α40:6! 5 (# ) +.Ε(,.5 1&/,<(&0/(% ) (&1( #% 2.&1Α( 12( 30 12&1Α(# /0 %& %(0;# (ΦΦ(!789() /& 1/( 12(&0/( 44.0( 1(!789(% # &%(% 5 +&)&0 0& 16!ΧΑ 9Α.+,.&56! ΩΩΨ(!+)Μ #ϕ!&(! ςι]ϑβ(! Ι(!? Α/0Α 6!Η(6! 5 (2&/ +) 2(05% Χ&1Α(/5 )2 %<(/#.0%,( 4(# 05 ) Α;(9 %0(Φ<( # 05 1 0,;( 12(+&,.5 1&./6(6!ΧΑ 9Α.+,.&56!>ββς(!+,Μϑ#ϕ!&(!ϑβϑ]>β(! Ψ(! )04%%6!8(6!Γ (ΗΙΦ( 4(05 (/5 )2 %<(&/(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;(1. // %;ϑ!χλ1!χ!λ! 1.%: 4%:. 6!>ββΩ(!+, Μ #ϕ!&(!ψ ]Ω>(! Ω(! ;%Α. 26!8(6!%!0 (6!ΚΦ12&%.0(ΗΙ %05% Α% #5;( 4(05 (/5 )2 % Β ) (&1(05 ( 2 0.0& 1( 4(!789 ) /& 1/Λ6!1.Γ.6!>ββς(!+ &Μ #ϕ!&(! βψ] ϑ(!
β(! α0 2 6!Η(6!%!0 (6!Μ& Α1 /0&.(# %4 %, 1. ( 4(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;(&1(05 ( // //, 10( 4(/ # %& %() +% )( 10 % # /0 %& %() /& 1/( 4(05 (/5 )2 %6!Χλ1! Χ!λ!1.%: 4%:. 6!>ββϑ(!+% Μ #ϕ!&(! >Ι ]Ψ(! (!?%:,0Α23:.6!λ(8(6!%!0 (6!! # %& %() +%,( 10 %& % # /0 %& %() /& 1/<( 2& Α1 /&/(Χ&05(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;( 4(05 (/5 )2 %6!1023..456!>βββ(! +)Μ #ϕ! &(!> Ι]Ι (! >(! 3:0 %Α6!Θ(Χ(6!%!0 (6!Μ& Α1 /&/( 4(/ # %& %() +% )() /& 1/<(.,# %&/ 1( 4( 1 1. 10% /0(ΗΙΦ(Χ&05(&12&%.0(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;(&1( 1 3 %.&/ 2(/5 )2 %/6! Η/% % 0!1023. 6!>ββΙ(!# Μς#ϕ!&(! Ω ]>β>(! ς(! Η093:6!κ(!0:2!)(! % 3Α 0+6!81( Β %Β& Χ( 4(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;(Χ&05(,#5 /&/( 1(05 (. %% 10(0.51&Ν ( 12( ##)&. 0& 1 )(5&10/( 12(0&#/6! Α!λ!1023. 6! >ββ (!&%Μς#ϕ!&(!ϑ ]ςβ(! ϑ(! Η 3 96! (=(6!%!0 (6!! +) +% )(%. //( 4(05 (/ # %& %(Α) 1 &2() +%,<(/0 2;( 4(. 2 Β %/(Χ&05(. 1Β 10& 1 )(1 1 15 1. 2(ΗΙ(&, Α&1ΑΟ(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;Ο( 1 0,&.(2&//.0& 1Ο( 12()&,&0 2(5&/0 ) Α&.( 3,&1 0& 16!1023..456! ΩΩ (! +Μ #ϕ!&(!> ] (! (! λ%%6!α(;(6!%!0 (6!! # %& %() +% )( 10 %& %(# /0 %& %(Π!789Θ() /& 1/( 4(05 ( Α) 1 &2() +%,<(% )& +&)&0;( 12(.. %.;( 4(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;(4 %(2& Α1 /&/6! 1023..456!>ββ (! +%Μ #ϕ!&(! >Ι]ς>(! (! Τ0 0936!Τ(6!%!0 (6!Φ12&%.0(, Α1 0&.(% / 1 1. ( %05% Α% #5;( 4(05 (/5 )2 %Ρ( (% )& +) (2& Α1 /0&.(0 )(4 %(&1Β /0&Α 0& 1( 4(/ /#.0 2() +% )(# 05 ) Α;6! Η/% % 0!1023. 6!>β ς(!) ΜΩ#ϕ!&(! >> ]ςς(! Ι(! Η %3:Φ0,96!7(Η(6!α( (!Θ0 %Α6!0:2!)( (!Η,9Ε%3 µ%α6!!#.& )(4. /(/ //& 16(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;6!1023.4Α0&93,+6!>ββ>(! Μ #ϕ!&(! >>ς]ϑ (! Ψ(! =3 6!ι(λ(6!%!0 (6!! # %& %() +% )( 10 % # /0 %& %(0 %/<(.. %.;( 12( &10 % +/ %Β %(% )& +&)&0;( 4(, )0&2 0.0 %(: ( %05% Α% #5;(4 %(2& Α1 /&/6! 1023..456!>β (! Μ #ϕ!&(!>βι] (! Ω(! ;0:2% Φ%Α46!Τ(6!%!0 (6!!789() /& 1/<( (% 0% /#.0&Β (, )0&. 10 %(/0 2;6! ΧΑ 9Α.+,.&56! ΩΩΨ(!+)ΜΨ#ϕ!&(!Ψ ] >(! >β(! ).Α40:6!Β( (6!%!0 (6! ;# (ΦΦ(!789() /& 1/<(05% (/ +0;# /( 12(05 &%( % ) 0& 1/5&#/(0 (/ # %& %(&1/0 +&)&0;( 12(% 0 0 %(. 44(0 %/6!ΧΑ 9Α.+,.&56! ΩΩΨ(!+)Μ #ϕ!&(! ς] (! > (! Η0Λ.3%6!810 %& %(/ # %& %(&1/0 +&)0;(Χ&05(% 0 0 %(. 44(0 %&1Α<(!78:() /& 16(6! χ&%α0 3Λ%! %,9:3Ρ %+!3:!+&.Α +! %23,3:%6!>βββ(!%Μς#ϕ!&(!>> ]>>ϑ(! >>(!?% Α0:6!λ(6!)(!λΦ0Α06!0:2!1(!)03.:6!!5 )2 %<() +%,( 12(+&.&#&0 )(0 12 16! 8.&!)04:!1%+.:!Σ 043:46!>ββς(!+)Μ #ϕ!&(!ς ]ϑω(! >ς(! ).90:0]?.Α4%+6!Χ(δ(6!Β(?(!Β9 :46!0:2! (!1%+:3,/6!! # %& %() +% )( 10 % # /0 %& %(0 %<(.) //&4&. 0& 1( 12(2& Α1 /&/( 1(ΗΙΦ( 12(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;6!Χλ1!Χ!λ!1.%: 4%:. 6!>ββς(!+%+Μ #ϕ!&(! ϑϑω] >(! >ϑ(! Θ.Ε% 6!Η( (6!=( (!φ.α26!0:2!1(=(!15 6! 5 (2& Α1 /&/Ο(.) //&4&. 0& 1Ο( 12( 0% 0, 10( 4(!789() /& 1/6!χ&%Α0 3Λ%!8%,9:3Ρ %+!3:!Η&.Α +!)%23,3:%6!>β >(! Μ #ϕ!&(!ϑ ] (! > (! Β90:46! (6!%!0 (6!!789() /& 1/<( 1 0,;Ο(.)&1&. )(#% / 10 0& 1Ο(ΗΙ(&, Α&1Α( 2& Α1 /&/( 12(.5 %.0 %&Σ 0& 16! Α!λ!1023. 6!>ββΨ(! %Μ #ϕ!&(!ι>]ψι(! > (! λ3:6!α(6!%!0 (6!ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;(&1(05 (2&44 % 10& )(2& Α1 /&/( 4(0;# (ΦΦ( / # %& %() +% )( 10 % # /0 %& %() /& 1( 12(/ +) +% )(%. //6!Χλ1!Χ!λ! 1.%: 4%:. 6!>ββ (!+% Μϑ#ϕ!&(!ΨΨΙ]Ως(! >Ι(! 1 2%µ6!λ(!0:2!)(!ν0:% 36!Τ %, )( 1 0,;Ο(Β %& 10/( 12(#&04 ))/( 1(/5 )2 %( ΗΙΦ6! Α!λ!1023. 6!>ββΨ(! %Μ #ϕ!&(!> ]ς (!
>Ψ(! α0 2 6!Η(6!%!0 (6!Υ %& 10/( 4(05 (/ # %& %() +%,( 12() +% +&.&#&0 )(.,#) 3<( (.,# % 0&Β (/0 2;( 4(/5 )2 %(/#.&, 1/( /&1Α(ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;Ο(, )0& /)&. (: ( %05% Α% #5;( 12( 1 0,&. )(2&//.0& 16! Α! 1023. 6!>ββ (!+ Μ>#ϕ!&(!ϑ ]Ψ(! >Ω(! Η. %Α6! (α(6!ηι( %05% Α% #5;( 4(05 (Α) 1 5, % )( &106!1023.!Β 3:!φ.Α 9! Χ 6! ΩΩΙ(!#&Μ #ϕ!&(!ωι] (! ςβ(! 0 6!δ(Β(%(6! 5 ( %&Α&1( 4(05 () 1Α(5 2( 4(05 (+&. #/(4%,(05 (/. # ) ( 12( Α) 1 &2() +%,6(81( 1 0,&. )(/0 2;( 4(=??(/5 )2 %/6(6!λ. Α:0!.Γ!?.:%!ο! λ.3:!η Α4%Α56! ΩΩϑ(! Μ #ϕ!&(!ω ]Ω ϑ(! ς (!?% Α0:6!λ(6!%!0 (6!ΗΙ( %05% Α% #5;( 4(05 (/5 )2 %<(Β %& 10/( 12(#&04 ))/6! 1023.4Α0&93,+6! ΩΩΙ(!+ Μ #ϕ!&(! ϑβς] >Υ!23+, ++3.:! ϑ >] (! ς>(! Θ0 %Α6!α( (6!Θ(7(!Β0+.Ε3 µ6!0:2!τ(η(!β9%ε6!ηι( %05% Α% #5;( 4(05 ( /5 )2 %<(1 %, )(&10% %0&. ) %(/0%.0 % /( 12(.,, 1( +1 %, )&0& /6!Χλ1! Χ!λ!1.%: 4%:. 6! ΩΩ (!+ )Μ #ϕ!&(! ϑ ] (!!!