Mediterranean Plant Conservation Unit of MAICh Peculiarities in Seed Germination of Cretan plants - implications for significant impacts of Climate Change. WORKSHOP: Climate Change Impacts on Mediterranean Plant iversity ACTIVITIES OF MAICH CONSERNING THE STUY AN CONSERVATION OF PLANT SPECIES 25-28 September 26 Chania, Crete, Greece 1. LOCAL HERBARIUM OF THE FLORA OF CRETE ESTIMATIONS ON THE TOTAL No OF TAXA AN THE PERCENTAGE OF ENEMIC TAXA IN CRETE TOTAL No OF TAXA IN CRETE No OF ENEMIC TAXA IN CRETE PERCENTAGE OF ENEMIC TAXA REFERENCES 18 172 1,4% Jahn & Shönfelder (1995) 182 18 9,9% Montmollin & Iatrou (1995) Today: 186 taxa endemic in Crete (185 for the SB) (according to several recent publications) Endemic Threat categories according to the Red ata Book of Greece (1995) Not threatened 133 186 2. BOTANIC GAREN endemic & threatened taxa in Crete (21 taxa) traditional cultivars of fruits, legumes and vegetables Threatened 53 Nonendemic Threatened 14 67 TOTAL 2 (198 in SB) 1
3. SEE BANK OF ENEMIC AN THREATENE PLANTS IN CRETE PURPOSES enhance the ex-situ conservation of endemic and threatened plants of Crete (2 taxa concerning the SB) (by storing and preserving a representative range of their genetic diversity, that is threatened by various human interventions and land uses) 4. MEUSA NETWORK- Identification, Conservation & Sustainable Use of wild plants of the Mediterranean region 2
SEE BANK 5. Related research projects (on plant ecology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, etc.) in the ept. of Natural Products, Horticulture, and Environmental Management Germination studies Germination protocols ormancy (after-ripening) Seed storage behaviour Germination protocols Effect of temperature Effect of light TEMPERATURE RANGE It is possible roughly to classify non-dormant seeds in three categories according to the temperature range within which they can germinate Cool temperatures, thermal optimum being between about 1-2 C (sometimes less) Temperate climates High temperatures, the thermal optimum being sometimes close to lethal temperatures (35-4 C ). Tropical to subtropical plants A very large temperature range Temperature 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C 3
TYPES OF REACTION TO WHITE LIGHT EFFECT OF LIGHT Photoperiod 12h/12h () Complete ark () Inhibition : Higher final dark germination and lower t 5 elay: with equal final dark and light germination but with significantly lower t 5 in the dark Indiferrence: with not significantly different final germination and t 5 between light and dark Promotion: higher final germination in the light than in the dark Hypericum aciferum 4
Germination,% 1 8 Hypericum aciferum 6 1 C 4 2 C 1 C 2 2 C 15 C 15 C 1 2 3 4 5 Time, days 1 ο C 1 8 6 4 2 Hypericum aciferum 1 15 2 3 t5 25 t5 2 15 1 5 t5, days I LIKE LIGHT Promotion ARK Callitriche pulchra Schotsman 317* Mediterranean Temporary ponds 5
1 Callitriche pulchra 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 1 C Φ/ 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 Callitriche pulchra 1 Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 t5, ημέρες 1 15 2 Φ/ t5 Φ/ NON- ORMANT SEES 6
atisca cannabina L. Female Male According to Baskin & Baskin (1998) seed germination of most aquatic pants is promoted by white light. Out of 134 species studied, only in 6 (4%) light seems to inhibit germination, 67 (5%) require light to germinate, in 52 (39%) light promotes germination and 9 (7%) are light indifferent.. atisca cannabina 1 8 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 25 C Φ/ 6 1 C Φ/ 1 C 4 25 Φ/ 15 C 2 2 C 25 C 2 3 C 4 Φ/ 3 C Campanula hierapetrae Rech. fil. 1 atisca cannabina 25 t5 8 2 Germination, % 6 4 19.3 1.7 15 1 t5, days 2 5.9 3.5 3. 1 15 2 25 3 5 Alt.: 1 145 m 7
1 Campanula hierapetrae 1 Campanula hierapetrae 2 Germination, % 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 Time, days 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 8 6 4 2 1 15 2 15 1 t5, days 5 t5 Nepeta sphaciotica P.H. avis 1 Nepeta sphaciotica Alt. : 22-23 m Habitat irective ΙΙ*ΙV P. 67/81 Bern Convention Endangered (Ε) Germination,% 8 6 2 C 4 2 C 15 C 15 C 2 1 C 1 C 1 2 3 4 5 Time, days 1 Nepeta sphaciotica 2 raba cretica Boiss. & Heldr. 8 6 4 2 t5 t5 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 t5, days 2 1 15 2 Alt. 11-24 m 8
Germination, % 1 8 6 4 2 raba cretica 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 8 6 4 2 raba cretica 2 1 t5, days 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 Time, days 1 15 2 t5 LIGHT Inhibition : Higher final germination and lower t5 I HATE LIGHT Arum purpureospathum P.C. Boyce 1 Arum purpureospathum 8 6 4 1 o C 1 C Φ/ 2 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 1 C 15 C 1 2 3 4 5 26 C 5 C 9
1 Arum purpureospathum 5 Allium bourgeaui Rech. f. subsp. creticum Bothmer Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 4 3 2 1 t5, ημέρες Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 Alt. -6 m Germination, % 1 8 6 4 2 Allium bourgeaui 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 C 15 C 2 C Τfinal germination, % 1 8 6 4 2 Allium bourgeaui t5 2 1 t5, days 1 2 3 4 5 Time, days after onset of imbibition 1 15 2 Bellevalia brevipedicellata Turril. Bellevalia brevipedicellata 1 8 6 4 2 1 o 1 C Φ/ 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 1 C 15 C 2 C 5 C Φ/ 5 C Alt. -4 m 2 4 6 8 1 12 1
1 Bellevalia brevipedicellata 8 Τελική 8 6 4 2 Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 6 4 2 t5, ημέρες Effect of temperature High temperatures Low temperatures 5 1 15 2 937* Palm groves with Phoenix 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C Phoenix theophrasti (germination) Germination, % Phoenix theophrasti 1 15 C 8 15 C 6 2 C 2 C 4 25 C 2 25 C 3 C 3 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time, days 1 8 6 4 2 Phoenix theophrasti 1 15 2 25 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 t5, ημέρες 1 t5 t5 11
1 Phoenix theophrasti Germination, % 8 6 4 15 C Fresh collected 2 15 C 1 2 3 4 Time, days %. Embryo to Seed ratio (E/S) 1 8 6 4 2 Phoenix theophrasti % E/S Linear (% E/S) 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 ays, after onset of imbiition Periploca angustifolia Labill. Periploca angustifolia 1 8 6 4 2 15 C Φ/ 2 C 15 C 2 C Φ/ 1 C Φ/ 1 C 25 C Φ/ 25 C 2oC 1 2 3 4 1 Periploca angustifolia 2 Alpine plants Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 15 1 5 t5, ημέρες 1 15 2 25 Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 12
Thlaspi zaffranii (F.K. Meyer) Greuter & Burdet Alt.: 15-17m 1 Thlaspi zaffranii 1 Thlaspi zaffranii 14 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 1 C Φ/ 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 1 C 15 C 2 C Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 1 15 2 12 1 8 6 t5, ημέρες 4 2 Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 Bupleurum kakiskalae Habitat irective ΙΙ*ΙV P. 67/81 Bern Convention Endangered (Ε) Top 5 (IUCN) 5 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 25 C 3 C Alt. 145-15 13
Bupleurum kakiskalae 1 Bupleurum kakiskalae 1 Germination, % 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 Time, days 5 C 1 C 5 C 1 C 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 /L t5 t5 8 6 4 2 t5, days 1 Bupleurum kakiskalae 8 Germination, % 6 4 2 1 C - Fresh collected 1 C 5 C 5 C - Fresh collected 2 4 6 8 1 12 Time, days 14
Bupleurum kakiskalae 1 %, Embryo to Seed ratio (E/S) 8 6 4 %E/S Linear (%E/S) 2 5 1 15 2 25 3 ays, after onset of imbibition Horstrissea dolinicola Endangered (Ε) Top 5 (IUCN) Germination, % 1 8 6 4 2 Horstrissea dolinicola 5 C 5 C 1 C 1 C 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 Time, ays 15
Τελική φύτρωση, % 1 8 6 4 2 Horstrissea dolinicola Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 t5, ημέρες Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. 2 5 1 15 2 1 Zelkova abelicea 8 6 4 2 1 C Φ/ 1 C 5 C Φ/ 5 C 5 1 15 2 25 1 Zelkova abelicea 2 1 Zelkova abelicea Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 15 1 5 t5, ημέρες Τελική φύτρωση. % 8 6 4 2 2 οc 5 1 15 2 1 μήνας 2 μήνες 3 μήνες Διάρκεια Υγρής τρωμάτωσης 16
Centaurea poculatoris Greuter 1 Centaurea poculatoris 8 5 C Φ/ 5 C Alt.: 5-3 m 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 25 1 C Φ/ 1 C 15 C L/ 15 oc 2 C Φ/ 2 oc Helichrysum heldreichii Boiss. 1 Centaurea poculatoris 1 Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 8 6 4 t5, ημέρες 2 Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 Alt.: -45 m 1 8 6 4 2 Helichrysum heldreichii 1 C Φ/ 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 1 C 15 C 2 C 5 C Φ/ 5 C Τελική φύτρωση, % 1 8 6 4 2 Helichrysum heldreichii Φ/ 14 t5 Φ/ 12 t5 1 8 6 4 2 t5, ημέρες 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 5 1 15 2 17
ianthus xylorrhizus Boiss. & Heldr. 1 ianthus xylorrhizus 8 Alt.: 5-3 m 6 1 C Φ/ 15 C Φ/ 4 2 C Φ/ 1 C 2 15 C 2 C 5 C Φ/ 5 C 5 1 15 2 25 Τελική φύτρωση, % 1 8 6 4 2 ianthus xylorrhizus Φ/ t5 14 Φ/ t5 12 1 8 6 4 2 t5, ημέρες Origanum dictamnus L. Alt.: -19 m 5 1 15 2 1 Origanum dictamnus 1 Origanum dictamnus 3 8 6 1 C Φ/ 4 15 C Φ/ 2 C Φ/ 2 1 C 15 C 2 C 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 54 C Φ/ 5 C Τελική φύτρωση, % 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 2 1 t5, ημέρες Φ/ t5 Φ/ t5 18
Verbascum spinosum L. 1 Origanum dictamnus - HIGH ALTITUE 3 1 Origanum dictamnus - LOW ALTITUE 3 8 6 4 2 2 1 t5, days 8 6 4 2 2 1 t5, days 1 15 2 t5 t5 1 15 2 t5 t5 Alt.: 8 m Alt.: 5 m Alt.: -22 m Verbascum spinosum - LOW ALTITUE (5m) 1 3 Verbascum spinosum - HIGH ALTITUE (14m) 1 3 8 6 4 2 1 15 2 2 1 t5, days t5 t5 8 6 4 2 1 15 2 2 1 t5, days t5 t5 Artemisia herba-alba Asso. Verbascum spinosum - LOW ALTITUE (5m) 1 3 Verbascum spinosum - HIGH ALTITUE (14m) 1 3 8 6 4 2 2 1 t5, days 8 6 4 2 2 1 t5, days c.5 m 1 15 2 t5 1 15 2 t5 19
Τελική φύτρωση, % 1 8 6 4 2 Artemisia herba-alba Φ/ t5 1 t5 Φ/ 8 6 4 2 t5, ημέρες The effect of Green light 5 1 15 2 Θερμοκρασία, oc Arbutus unedo L. 1 Arbutus unedo Germination % 8 6 4 2 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 C 15 C 2 C 1 C * 15 C * 2 C * 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time, days Crithmum maritimum L. Germination,% 1 8 6 4 2 Crithmum maritimum 1 oc 15 oc 2 oc 1 oc 15 oc 2 oc 1 C * 15 C * 2 C * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time, days after onset of imbibition 2
THANK YOU!! 21