li of Y-p il Fi Coupld Li Thi Pd b iwi Wg To Th Dp of lcicl d Copu giig i pil fulfill of h qui fo h dg of of Scic lcicl giig Noh Uii Boo chu ul 8
NORTSTRN UNVRSTY Gdu School of giig Thi Til: li of Y-p il Fi Coupld Li uho: iwi Wg Dp: lcicl d Copu giig ppod fo Thi Rqui fo h of Scic Dg Thi dio: Ni X. Su D Thi Rd: Vic i D Thi Rd: Ci Vioi D Dp Chi: li bu D Gdu School Noifid of ccpc: Dico of h Gdu School: Y Y D
ckowldg Fi would lik o k hi oppoui o hk dio Pofo Ni Su. ppci h wo- coopio wih hi. i huiic uppo lw cougd pcill wh wih difficuli. lo w o hk Pofo Ci Vioi d Vic G i fo hi hlp d coug o hi poc. hk Pofo Xu Zuo fo hi guidc o ol o ch wok bu lo o lif pic. hk D. Sock D. Yoo fo hi kid d pi plio o ll quio. hk ll h b of h C fo icow gic il d gd Cicui. h hd wodful i h d h d fid. pcill hk p d wif Xiuhu R. i hi c d uppo h k g hough hd i d o fiih hi poc.
BSTRCT Th Y-p hgol fi bd FCL (Fi Coupld Li which i h i copo of h Y-p i-pl ciculo w ld uig h coupld od ho. Th -od d odd-od fild diibuio w clculd wih full w li i qui-ic odl. copu pog w cd o pfo h full w li which wh cobid wih h coupld od ho g h opiu lgh of h dic. ol i-pl ciculo ucu FCL (l gic fil coupld li ciculo h u llic gic il id of fi i pd. log "dl" go of h l gic ip w ud o poid og ffci uiil ioop fild log h coupld li lgh' dicio d h i i iiid h lo cud b h llic chciic of h llic il. Siulio w pfod wih of c. FSS d h opiu lgh of h dic w obid bd o coupld od ho. Siulio ul how h h iio lo S d S 3 b h -db d h iolio S S 3 d S 3 low h -3.5 db fo 36.5G o 39.5G.
TBL OF CONTNTS Chp. oducio Chp. Coupld od Tho 6 Chp 3. Pbili of Y-p il Chp. Full W li fo h Coupld icoip Li 8. lcoic pobl 8. goic pobl Chp 5 li of Fi Coupld Li wih Coupld od Tho 5 5. Uolid couplig coffici 5 5. od pow i fi 58 5.3 Odd od pow i fi 66 5. od pow i i 7 5.5 Odd od pow i i 79 Chp 6. Nuicl Rul 86 Chp 7. l gic Fil Coupld Li Ciculo 9 Chp 8. Cocluio 98 ppdi 99 Rfc 8
Chp. oducio Ciculo h o widl ud icow copo wih gic il []-[5]. Sigl i ocipocll wihi ciculo. Ciculo h 3 o o po wih h-po ciculo big h o coo. Fo idl h-po ciculo h flcio ll po i o h iio lo i h fowd dicio (fo po o po fo po o po 3 d fo po 3 o po i o d h iolio i h dicio (fo po o po fo po o po 3 d fo po 3 o po i ifii how i Fig.-. f h dicio of h pplid gic bi fild i d h of h igl ciculio lo how i Fig.-b. Fo cocilid ciculo h iio lo i l h.5db d iolio i g h db d h bdwidh c fo l pc o o h oc. [ S] Fig.- Ciculo wih clockwi oio
[ S] Fig.-b Ciculo wih cou-clockwi oio Ciculo pl ipo ol i icow cicui. Ciculo c b ud o pc wigh d p b ploig ol o fo boh iig d ciig illud i Fig. which how chic dig of phd- odul uig ciculo [5]. i od h igl fo h ci l hough h ph hif d h high pow plifi (P o h diig l d pow flcd fo h go o h lod. h ci od (h of h ciculo i fi wich h o dicl cocd o h diig l i Fig. i d how b h dhd li h igl l fo h hough h low oi plifi (LN d h ph hif o h ci. lhough o of h ciculo i Fig. c b plcd b icoduco wich h ciculo (h cod fo h igh c o b plcd ic i i quid o iol h fil g of h P fo h.
Fig. Topolog of ci Th o widl ud ciculo i h ucio ciculo. Th go of h ip li ucio ciculo i how i Fig.3. Two fi dik locd bw h ip li goud d h cl l dik. Th ip li coduco which coc wih h piph of h c dik o il fo h h po of h ciculo. Th DC bi fild i pplid ol o h goud pl. Th fi dik fo o ci. Wihou h bi fild h ci h igl low-od o od wih co φ dpdc. Wh DC bi fild i pplid hi od bk io wo o od wih lighl diff o fquci. Th opig fquc of h ciculo c b lcd wh h wo od dd h oupu po d ccl h iold po. 3
Fig.3 Sucu of ucio ciculo lhough ucio ciculo popul h h liiio. Th dop-i cholog ud o fbic h ucio ciculo bco ddig d pi du o h dpdc of h ciculo di o h wlgh. oo og bi fild i quid o oco h lg dgiio fco of h hi fi dik which k h pplicio of ucio ciculo icoi. poibl li i h diibud i-pl ciculo. Th dg of h i-pl o-cipocl dic o h diiol ucio dic i h h i o d fo og pplid fild o oco h lg dgiio fild h oigi fo h hp of h fi dic. -pl ciculo d iolo which iclud coupld lo-li cio wih logiudill gid fi w dicod b L.. Di d D. B. Sill i 986 [6]. Th picipl of opio of h i-pl ciculo i plid b. u d. oowki i 989 [7] [8] uig h coupld od odl dlopd b D. cu i 973 [9] d. wi d T. oh i 98 []. Th coupld od ho
cli h h oluio o h iigd ucu i pd b h couplig bw h od d odd od uppod b h bi ucu (bi ucu i h h iigd ucu cp h i pbili i cl. C. S. Toh d L.. Di lo pd diff hod i 995 [] d [] o ol h pobl uig h uppoiio of wo doi ol od. 3 Quck d Di pd i-pl ciculo i [3] wih lf-bid hgol fi which wok bou G. Th dg of h lf-bid ciculo i h o g i dd o ppl h bi fild. Th Y-p hgol fi c b lf-bid low fquc du o i lg goclli ioop. W u h coupld od ho o l h fi coupld li cio wih Y-p il. Full w li w plod o l h ic odl of h ucu fo boh od d odd od fo which h opiu lgh of h dic w clculd. w ucu of igd pl l gic fil coupld li (FCL ciculo i lo pd i which l gic fil i ud id of fi il. Siulio w pfod wih FSS bd o coupld od ho. iio lo of db d iolio of -3.5 db bw S d S o fquc bd of 3 G (fo 36.5 G o 39.5G w lid fo 3-po FCL ciculo. 5
Chp. Coupld od Tho Followig h pocdu i fc [9] w c di h coupld od quio. Th coupld od ho h h fild d i h iigd guid pd i of h fild of cod bi wguidig ucu who odl oluio kow. Thi c b foll wi ( ( ( (. - (. - b Th gogic ucu c b pd b wh Whil h bi ucu c b pd b d cl. Fo bi ucu B (. - (. - b Th lcic fild di d gic fild di c b pd b h p d logiudil p (.3 - (.3 - b Subiu (.3 io (.- w c g B 6
( ( ( ( ( ( ( (. - (. - b Subiu (.3 io (.-b w c g ( ( ( ( ( ( (.5 - (.5 - b u w ow obi h fou quio fo wll quio goup 7
( (. - (. - b (.5 - (.5 - b Subiu (.5- io (.-b ( ( ( ( ( β ( ( ( ( β ( (.6 - Subiu (.- io (.5-b ( ( β 8
( ( ( ( β ( (.6 - b u fo bi ucu ( ( ( ( β ( (.6 - ( ( ( ( β ( (.6 - b Fo iigd ucu B (.7 - (.7 - b wh κ κ (.8 - (.8 - b Subiu (.8 io (.7- d ( ( wh κ κ ( 9
b.9 -.9 - Subiu (.8 io (.7-b d b. -. - u b.9 -.9 - b. -. - Subiu (.- io (.9-b
-. Subiu (.9- io (.-b b -. u fo h iigd ucu -. b -. W ubiu h quio fo h bi ucu io ho fo h iigd ucu d obi h lio bw h bi ucu' igod i h iigd ucu. Subiu (. io (.- Subiu (.6- io bo quio
β β β β Subiu (. io (.-b Subiu (.6-b io bo quio β u β β β b -.
3 u β -. β b -. Tkig h cl poduc of (.- wih d igig o h whol co cio w obi: Ω dd β Ω Ω dd dd β Ω Ω dd dd β Ω Ω dd dd β -.3 q..3- Ω i h whol co cio whil Ω i h occupid b gic il. Tkig h cl poduc of (.-b wih d igig o h whol co cio Ω dd β Ω dd β b -.3 Cobiig (.3- d (.3-b ld o
kη ( ( ( ( Ω dd ( β( ( ( ( ( Ω ( ( ( ( Ω dd ( β( ( ( ( ( uig P R Ω Ω ( ( ( ( ( Ω dd dd dd dd ( ( ( ( ( kη Ω ( ( ( ( dd βp Th coupld od quio ow bco P dd β P ( P kη ( ( ( Ω ( R ( P R ( (. wh Ω i h whol co cio whil Ω i h occupid b gic il. P dd Ω k ( ( ( ( ( R η Ω ( ( ( ( dd βp N l u i h coffici P d R. Th coffici P ih wh owig o h ohogoli of h odl oluio i h bi ucu
whil P i qul o fou i h Poig g of h ih od i h bi guid. R N w dicu h coffici R. kη dd β P Ω ( ( ( κ κ κ κ Ldig o ( ( ( ( κ κ R So ( κ R c ow b pd b kη dd β ( ( P Ω κ k η( dd βp C Ω β P Wh C κ kη( dd Ω C p h couplig bw h od i h bi guid du o h ioop of h fi. C ih if. Fo C bco o ol if h ucu i ic d h fild copodig o h h d h od boh o odd. Fo h icl ucu if h h d h od h 5
diff popi C. f w u h gogic ucu c ol uppo wo bi od: od d odd od h (. c b wi o P β P C o (.5 - o oo o oo C P β P o (.5 - b Noliig h fild i h bi li ccodig o h codiio dω ( i i Ω W obi C o o o C β (.6 - β (.6 - b o o Wh C kη ( Ω dω Tkig h popgio i h ld guid wih h fco k (.6 c b wi ( C k β (.7 - o ( k o C β (.7 - b o Th popgio co k i h gogic guid i foud b ig h di of (.7 o o k o o β β β β ± C β±γ wh (.8 6
o β β β Γ β C β o β β Th gl oluio o quio (.7 c b wi k k ( o k ( k wih k β Γβ C C k β Γ β C C Fo h coupld od ho w hfo i h cocluio: h w popg h g of o od go o h oh. O h dic C w ob h ol chg of g bw h od. b f h ucu i cid b h od ( Fig..- h fild i guid (h lf o ih C fo h ciio pl d h fild i cocd i guid (h igh o. Th co ffc occu if h biig gic fild ( i d. c Th odd ciio (S Fig..-b cu ffc iil o h chg of giio dicio i c b. O h dic C fo h ciio pl h fild i guid bco o d i iu i guid. gi h chg of giio dicio ul i h co ffc. d f h ucu i cid po ( Fig.-c o dic of C od igl will oupu po d 3. Whil h ciio po 3 ( Fig.-d will ul i odd od igl po d 3. gi h chg of 7
giio dicio ul i h co ffc. Fig.- od ciio Fig.-b Odd od ciio Fig.-c ciio po Fig.-d ciio po 3 Th fi coupld li c b ud h po ciculo wh ccdd wih T ucio. Th opiu lgh i C d h opig ho c b illud b Fig. 8
Fig.- ciio po Fig.-b ciio po Fig.-c ciio po 3 f h ucu i cid po ( Fig.- od will b gd po d 3. Th od c p hough h T ucio d ch po. So fo h ciculo igl go fo po o po wih po 3 h iolio po. f h ucu i cid po od igl will b fod po d 3 d i po 3 hough fi coupld li. So fo h ciculo igl go fo po o po 3. Th codiio fo ciio po 3 i lil coplicd. Fi h igl po 3 will oupu odd od po d 3. Bu fo h T ucio odd od will b oll 9
flcd bck id of iig po. Th h odd od igl po d 3 will oupu po. So fo ciculo igl go fo po 3 o po.
Chp 3 Pbili of Y-p il Th dg of Y-p il i h h i gi uiil goclli ioop co ldig o lf-bid i-pl giio i i bl pl i hp coc o h -p il which h poii uiil goclli ioop co. uig i log h i d h pplid fild d popgio dicio log i d h fil li i - pl how i Fig 3.. Fig 3. Th pbili of Y-p il c b pd wih [ ] [ χ] χ χ χ χ
χ χ χ χ (3. Wh χ (3.- χ (3.-b χ χ (3.-c (3.-d (3.- (3.-f Th w big i dpig b ubiuig wih
3 (3. (3.- (3.-b
(3.3 (3.3- (3.3-b (3. (3.-
5 (3.-b u fo Y p fi
6 u O G O 5 O. Th plo of copo of pbili follow: Fig 3.
Fig 3.3 Fig 3. Fo h plo w c coclud h h FR i.8( G 3 d h opig fquc wh boh d lg h o i ( G 7. Th pbili i.3. 3. 7
Chp. Full W li fo h Coupld icoip Li Th obci of hi hi i o dig h i-pl ciculo low fquc o w c u h h coupld icoip li uppo h qui-t w d h pobl c b pd io lco-ic d go-ic pobl.. lco-ic pobl W S W Sub - Goud Fig. Coupld icoip li Th quio fo h lco-ic pobl i ( φ (. So w fi ol (. d h u h boud codiio o obi h ukow coffici. W wi h quio of lcic poil d boud codiio quio follow: 8
φ (. wih h boud codiio φ φ (.3- φ φ (.3-b φ i h lcic poil blow h ip d φ i bo h ip. od W pd h lcic poil d h chg di io Foui i i [- ]. Fo od h lcic poil d h chg di ll fucio o ol coi fucio will b ud. co (.- d wih ( ( co d ( φ g g co (.-b φ ( wih g ( g d co d ( φ ( ( φ f f co (.-c φ ( wih f ( d 9
3 d f φ co h gio Subiu quio (.-b io quio (. d f g w c g co g g g g g g (.5- h w ubiu quio (.-c io quio (. d w c g f f f (.5-b Solig quio (.5- w c g ' ' ih c c g C C g g g g Coid h boud codiio g g (fo h goud h lcic poil hould b o ' ' c C
So g C g ih c Solig quio (.5-b w c g f f f f D ' f c c D Coid h boud codiio ifii f f ( ( (Fo h ifii h lcic poil hould b o. d h w u _if o p ifii c ' f _ if c ' D c( _ if f D Th boud codiio pd b quio φ φ (.3 - φ φ (.3 - b h chgd o f g (.6 - f g L (.6-3
3 Fo quio (.6 w c obi f g.7 - f g.7 - b g f c.7 - g f d.7 - Solig hi quio goup w c g c _ if c _ if _ if C ih D ih ih So w go h pio fo g d f f g _ if _ if _ if _ if (.8-
33 f g ih ih ih ih (.8-b u co g g φ (.9- wh g _ if _ if g ih ih co f f φ (.9-b wh f _ if _ if f ih ih
Now w d o fid d. co (.- ih co _ if φ (.-b _ if ih f w pcif L N h w h N ukow. B doig h plig fo - o w c g N quio fo φ S W ( V S S W S wh V i kow lu Solig h quio goup w ol fo h ukow. So w c obi h pio of d φ (. B pplig ( φ( pio of lcic fild. w c g h ih i ih (.- ( _ if _ if co ih (.- b 3
35 ih i ih c.- ih co ih _ if d.- Odd od Fo odd od h lcic poil d h chg di ll odd fucio o ol i fucio will b ud. i. - wih d i i g φ. - b wih d g φ i i f φ c. - wih d f φ i h gio Subiu quio (.-b io quio (. d f g w c g
36 i g g g g.3 - h w ubiu quio (.-c io quio (. d w c g f f b.3 - Solig quio (.3- w c g C C g g g ih ' Coid h boud codiio g (fo h goud h lcic poil hould b o ' C So C g ih Solig quio (.5-b w c g D D f f f Coid h boud codiio ifii f (Fo h ifii h lcic poil hould b o. d h w u _if o p ifii ' D D f Th boud codiio pd b quio
37 φ φ. - φ φ b. - h chgd o f g.5 - g f b.5 - L Fo quio (.5 w c obi f g.6 - g f.6 - Solig hi quio goup w c g C ih D ih ih So w go h pio fo g d f
38 f g ih ih ih ih.7 u i g φ wh g ih ih i f φ wh f ih ih Now w d o fid d. i.8 -
39 ih i ih φ b.8 - f w pcif N L h w h N ukow. B doig h plig fo - o w c g N quio fo W S V S W S φ wh V i kow lu S Solig h quio goup w c g h ukow. So w c obi h pio of d φ. B pplig φ w c g h pio of lcic fild. ih i ih φ.9 - ih co ih co b.9 -
ih i i c.9 - ih i ih φ. - ih i ih ih co ih b. - ih i ih ih i ih c. -. go-ic pobl
Sub W S W - Goud Fig. h go-ic codiio w u So h quio fo gic poil bco. (. (. - (. - b Th B.C. o h ufc of h icoip li (.3 -
.3 - b To o h ffc of ioopic pbili w ioduc w ibl So quio. - chg io. Th B.C. o chg io.5 -.5 - b u o.6 -.6 - b B.C.
(.6 - c (.6 - d od pd d io Foui i. Bcu boh d fucio o ol coi fucio ud. co (.7 - o g g ( co (.7 - b f f co (.7 - c Th quio fo h coffici bco g g f ( ( g ( (.8 - (.8 - b (.8 - c 3
f f d.8 - f kig io ccou h B.C. d h oluio C g.9 - C g ih b.9 - _ if D f c.9 - D f d.9 - Uili h B.C. o w c g h quio goup fo h coffici _ if D C.3 - C D b.3 - D C ih c.3 - C D d.3 - Th oluio i _ if _ if C.3- C ih b.3- _ if D c.3-
5 D ih ih d.3- So w go o g _ if _ if.3 - g ih ih b.3 - _ if _ if f c.3 - f ih ih d.3 - So w c g i h whol gio ih co ih _ if _ if
6 ih co ih _ if _ if.33 - ih co _ if _ if b.33 - ih i ih c.33 - ih co ih _ if _ if.3 - ih co ih _ if b.3 -
ih ih i (.3 - c Th w u h w o do h plig olig lco-ic pobl. f olig h quio goup w c g h ukow coffici. Odd od pd d io Foui i. Bcu boh d odd fucio o ol i fucio ud. i (.35 - o g ( i (.35 - b f i (.35 - c Th quio fo h coffici bco g f ( g ( f (.36 - (.36 - b f kig io ccou h B.C. d h oluio 7
8 C g ih.37 - D f b.37 - Uili h B.C. o w c g h quio goup fo h coffici D C ih.38 - C D b.38 - Th oluio i C ih.39 - D ih ih b.39 - So w go o g ih ih. -
9 f ih ih b. - So w c g i h whol gio ih i ih ih i ih.- ih i b.- ih co ih c.-
( ih i ih (. - ih ih i (. - b ih ih co (. - c Th w u h ppoch o do h plig w do i olig h lco-ic pobl. f olig h quio goup w c g h ukow coffici. f w g odd odd w c u h followig quio o clcul h diibud p fo coupld icoip li i od d odd od. Q odd odd Q C Q V d d 5
C Q V d odd odd d L L odd odd β ( Z β odd ( odd Z L L L C odd L C C C odd odd odd β V 5
Chp 5 li of Fi Coupld Li wih Coupld od Tho Th coupld od quio k h followig fo P o β P C ( 5.- o oo o oo C P β P o ( 5.- b C P o β ( 5. - o C P o o β o oo ( 5. - b o Wh C kη ( o o Ω o C kη ( o o d P Ω dω Ω Ω Ω oo Ω Ω ( dω ( dω P P ( o o o o dω ( o o dω Po Noli h fild ccodig o h codiio dω dω Ω Ω So P R ( dω So Ω Ω Ω ( dω P P P o dω P o ( 5.3 - P 5
53 h w Ω Ω d P o o o R o o o P d Ω Ω Ω Ω d P P o o o o So o o o P o o o P b.3-5 o P C Ω Ω Ω Ω d d k o o η Ω Ω d P P P P k o o o o η o o o P P d k Ω Ω η. - 5 oo o P C Ω Ω Ω Ω d d k o o o o η Ω Ω d P P P P k o o o o η
k η Ω ( o P P o o dω ( 5. - b L C C P o Bcu C P o C P o oo So C P o oo C Now h coupld od quio bco C o o o C β ( 5.5 - Wh C β ( 5.5 - b kη ( o o Ω P P o dω C P P o 5. Uolid Couplig coffici Th uolid couplig coffici C c b obid b C k η Ω o o ( o kη Ω d Ω Ω dω o dω η ( ( 5.6 k o Wh dω Ω Ω o dω Ω o d Ω Ω i { } h occupid b gic il. o d h ul fo Chp. 5
55 Ω Ω ih co ih ih co _ if _ if d o Choo o fo ch uio d do h igio Ω Ω ih co ih ih co d o Ω Ω ih ih co co ih d o o ih ih wh d co co d ih d co co d co co Fo i i Fo d co i
56 d ih d ih o So wh ih o.7 5 Ω Ω d o Ω Ω ih i ih i ih d o h hod w choo o fo ch uio d do h uio Ω Ω ih i ih i ih d o
57 ih ih i i ih Ω Ω d o o ih ih wh d i i d ih d i i d co co Fo i i Fo d co i d ih
58 d ih o So wh ih o.8 5 k C η k η.9 5 N w dicu h pow of od d odd od blow d bo h ip filld wih fi d i. 5. od pow i fi Fo od
59 ih co _ if _ if. - 5 ih i ih. - b 5 ih i ih c. - 5 ih co _ if _ if d. - 5 [ ]d P R [ ]d R [ ]d R d wh d d
6 d d ih i ih ih i ih Tk o fo ch uio d pfo h igio o h fi co cio d ih i ih ih i ih d d ih ih i i ih ih ih ih wh d i i d ih ih d i i d co co u i i
6 if [ ]d d So ol h which h h d i o d ih ih d d d d ih ih ih ih
6 ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih wh ih ih ih ih d
63 d ih co _ if _ if ih co _ if _ if Tk o fo ch uio d pfo h igio o co cio of h fi d ih co ih co d d co co ih ih ih ih Wh d co co d d co co u u
6 So ol h h h h d will d d d d d ih ih ih ih
65 ih ih ih ih d _ if _ if _ if _ if _ if _ if _ if _ if So Wh _ if _ if _ if _ if ih ih ih ih u Fo od P. 5 Wh Wh
66 ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih Wh _ if _ if _ if _ if ih ih ih ih 5.3 Odd od pow i fi Fo odd od
67 ih i. - 5 ih co ih. - b 5 ih co ih c. - 5 ih i d. - 5 [ ]d P R [ ]d R [ ]d R d wh d d
68 d ih co ih ih co ih Tk igl fo ch uio d do h igio d ih co ih ih co ih d d ih ih co co ih ih ih ih Wh d co co d ih ih d co co d co co u i i f d co
69 d So d d ih ih d d d d ih ih ih ih
7 So ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih So wh ih ih ih ih
7 d d ih i ih i Tk igl fo ch uio d do h igio d ih i ih i d d i i ih ih ih ih Wh d i i d d i i d co co u i i f
7 d co []d So d d d d d ih ih ih ih
73 ih ih ih ih ih ih So wh ih ih ih ih u Fo odd od P.3 5 wh ih ih ih ih
7 wh ih ih ih ih 5. od pow i i Fo od ih i ih. - 5 ih co ih. - b 5 ih co ih _ if c. - 5 ih i ih d. - 5 d P upppc R
75 d upppc R d upppc R R Wh d upppc d upppc d upppc d upppc ih i ih ih i ih Tk igl fo ch uio d h do h igio d upppc ih i ih ih i ih d d _ if i i ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih Wh d i i d _ if d i i
76 d co co u i i f d So d _ if d if if if _ ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih _ if wh ih ih ih ih _ if
77 d upppc d upppc ih co ih _ if ih co ih Tk igl fo ch uio d do h igio d upppc ih ih co ih co ih d d _ if co co ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih Wh d co co d _ if d co co So
78 d _ if d if if if _ ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih _ if d upppc _ if _ if if if _ if [ ] _ if _ if _ if
79 So wh [ ] _ if _ if _ if ih ih ih ih _ if So i u od R P.5 5 wh ih ih ih ih _ if wh [ ] _ if _ if _ if ih ih ih ih _ if 5.5 Odd od pow i i Fo odd od
8 ih co ih.6-5 ih i ih b.6-5 ih i ih c.6-5 ih co ih d.6-5 d P upppc R d upppc R d upppc R R Wh d upppc d upppc d upppc
8 d upppc ih co ih ih co ih Tk o fo ch uio d do h igio d upppc ih co ih ih co ih d upppc ih ih co ih co ih d d _ if co co ih ih ih ih
8 ih ih ih ih Wh d co co d _ if d co co So d _ if d if if if _ ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih _ if
83 So wh ih ih ih ih _ if d upppc d upppc ih i ih ih i ih Tk o fo ch uio d do h igio d upppc ih i ih ih i ih d d _ if i i ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih Wh d i i d _ if d i i
8 So d _ if d if if if _ ih ih ih ih ih ih ih ih _ if So wh ih ih ih ih _ if So i u Fo odd od R P.7 5
85 wh ih ih ih ih _ if wh ih ih ih ih _ if Wih h foul h couplig coffici c b clculd. Th w u C o clcul h opiu dic lgh.
Chp 6 Nuicl Rul To po h lidi of hi hod w will cop h ul fo hi hod wih ho fo oh hod. Coupld icoip li wih d cl Th fi c i dilcic coupld icoip li. Th ul how i Tbl. Th fild diibuio of od d odd od how i Tbl d Tbl 3. Th fild diibuio fo FSS i how i Tbl. Fo bo copio w c h ul obid fo full w hod i ccpbl. Full w hod Tli FSS W( ( S(... Fquc(G pplid olg(v o icoip li --- Zc_(Ω 7.556 9.63.3 Zc_odd(Ω 79.398 79.386 76. β _(d/ 8.376 8.56 9 86
β _odd(d/ 7.399 7.673 7.5 Tbl fild i od fild i od fild i od (pliud 87
d fild i od Tbl fild i odd od fild i odd od 88
fild i odd od (pliud d fild i odd od Tbl 3 89
fild i od (pliud fild i odd od (pliud Tbl Opiu lgh of h i-pl ciculo wih YG 9
YG W S W - Goud Th YG lb i gid logiudill o uio wih hick.65 giio k i 3O d 5. Th icoip wih w. 6 pd b. 5. Th opio fquc i 6.6Gh. Th opiu lgh gi b Di i 8[5] d gi b full w li i 9.. Th o i.5%. Th w o o h Y-p i-pl ciculo. Fo Fig 3.3 w c coclud h h FR i.8( G 3 d h opig fquc i 7G. Th pbili i.3. 3. f w u w. 6. 5. 65 h ul fo full w li i: Couplig _ Coffici 7.8 Opiu _ Lgh.. 9
Chp 7 l gic Fil Coupld Li Ciculo l gic fil d h ocid ico-fbicio chologi poid g oppouii fo igd gic icow dic fo C. Sl o i. Fi l gic fil d h ocid fbicio chologi low pu poc copibl o C chologi d h b widl ud i ifoio og idu. Scod l gic fil h high uio giio up o.5 kg ow fogic oc liwidh copbl o ho of fi d high qu (c io / of ~% [6] kig i poibl o chi lf-bid gic icow dic wih l gic fil. fc igd ubl gic icoip bdop fil w ld dod wih l gic hi fil [6 7 8]. hi chp w dig fo igd l gic fil coupld li (FCL d FCL ciculo pd which u l gic fil id of uig fi il[9]. FSS iulio how h h FCL d FCL ciculo h g poil fo pplicio i wid fquc g. Nw dig fo h l gic fil coupld li (FCL i how i Fig 7.( d Fig 7.(b fo h op-dow iw d h co-cio iw of h FCL pcil. Th FCL i bd upo h icoip iio li of which h l gic fil h h hp of log ip i bw h wo Cu li id of whol l. Copd o full l gic fil h gic ip ld o 9
wkd couplig bw h od d odd od which will i u ic h ciculo lgh. ow h iio lo of h ciculo c b igificl dcd which k FCL poibl. Fig 7. 3-po FCL ciculo i digd b ccdig h FCL wih T ucio how i Fig. 7.(. Rliic diio of h FCL ciculo ~ G d FCL wih lgh of ~8 d widh d hick of h gic ip of ~ d pcil. Owig o h og hp ioop ocid wih h log dl go of h l gic ip i FCL (8 h i og ffci uiil ioop fild S (cg ui log h lgh dicio of h FCL which poid h bi gic fild fo h FCL ciculo. pplid gic fild of 5 O i pplid log h logiudil dicio idicd i Figu. fo h pupo of chiig opio fquc of ~ G. Dig diio fo h FCL how i Fig. 7.(b fo FCL wokig ~ G. Pllo (Ni 8 F 9 (w% wih uio giio kg d 93
fogic oc liwidh of O w ud i h iulio. igl l of gic il i ud i iulio fo copuio i ig pupo. Figu 7. how h ph of S((odd(odd d S(( (. Th flcio of h ph loci of h od d odd od. Th clo ph gl of h S((odd(odd d S(( ( ~G idic h h opil opio codiio of β β i chid. Figu 7.3 i h pliud po of odd S((odd(odd d S(( (odd. dll h hould b qul o -3dB which hlf of h g of h odd od i fd io h od. Th dicpc (~.3dB G could b du o h fc h h FCL lgh i o opiid (d o b log d h h FCL i lo. Th pliud po of h ciculo i how i Fig. 7.. W c fo 36.5 G o 39.5G S d S 3 lg h -db d S S 3 S 3 low h -3.5 db. S 3 i o lo fo -5.7dB o -.9dB i hi fquc bd du o h fc h h igl fo po 3 o po h o l doubl lgh copd o S d S 3. Th FCL pfoc i pcd o ipo wh of gic l/iulo ulil i ud which c igificl duc h dd cu lo. 9
Fig 7. Ph po of h FCL Fig 7.3 pliud po of h FCL 95
Fig 7. pliud po of h ciculo Th gic popi d h diio of h l gic ip i h FCL will di h ffci pbili o of h l gic/dilcic copoi ub bh h wo copp coduco. Th off-digol pbili copo i popoiol o C h couplig coffici bw h od d h odd od which will di h lgh of h dic. B cfull uig h diio (picull h hick of h gic fil qul popgio co fo h odd d od c b chid. Foul h hick of h gic fil fo chiig qul popgio co fo h d odd od fo picl FCL ucu i i bw ~ which i dil chid b PVD poc o b lcoplig. 96
Th FCL ciculo h hi uiqu dg. Fi h pl pocig chologi oo pu fo FCL ciculo full copibl o C chologi. Scod fuh iiuiio c b chid fo FCL ciculo du o h uch high chiig uio giio i l gic fil copd o fi. L lg chibl qu of l gic fil llow fo lf-bid FCL ciculo. 97
Chp 8 Cocluio Fi coupld li wih Y-p il which i ipo copo of i-pl ciculo i iigd wih coupld od ho. copu pog uig full w li i cd o clcul h fild diibuio of h Fi coupld li i bi ucu fo which h opiu lgh of h ciculo c b obid. Th good g wih pil ul i [6] idic h hi hod c b ud i FCL d FCL ciculo dig. Th opiu lgh fo Y-p il i-pl ciculo i pdicd b hi hod d pi will b pfod bd o hi ul. Fuh li i ill dd o poid h ipdc h ipu d oupu po which i ipo fo ipdc chig wh cocig wih T ucio d oh cicui. Th ucu d pfoc of h gic l fil coupld li (FCL d FCL ciculo lo pd. FCL ciculo digd wih db iio lo (fo S 3 5.7 db -3.5 db iolio fo 36.5 G o 39.5 G d bdwidh of 3 G. i obl h h FCL dig i f fo big opiid. Wih h ipo of ipdc chig d couplig d wih h pplicio of of gic l/iulo ulil h lgh d h lo of h FCL d FCL ciculo pcd o b dcd. 98
ppdi Ⅰ. lb Pog o clcul h p of h fi coupld li clc cl clo ll % Thi pog i ud o clcul h p of h coupld li wih % ub u_ d u_ % d plo h fild d fild uoudig h coupld li. W.6-3; % W i h widh of h icoip li;.5-3; % i h gp bw h coupld li;.635-3; % i h high of h ub; _if*; % _if i h high of h uoudd l bo. *(*W/; % i h widh of h uoudd l bo V; % V i h poil o h coupld li ; 5; u_.9; u_.95; u_.7875; /(36*pi*-9; u*pi*-7; 99
f6.69; oig*pi*f; *pi; koig*q(u*; % od 66; % poi o b pld ; % poi o b pld 3; % 3 poi o b pld N_3; % N_ i h ol pld poi fo od wll h od of h li quio goup N_odd3-; % N_odd i h ol pld poi fo odd od wll h od of h li quio goup. Th o h N_odd i wo l h N_ i h h fi d l poi i igl fo odd od. [C_d_ ou_d_]_od_(w _if V 3; %Plo_di_(N_ ou_d_ [C ou ]_od_(w _if V 3; [C_d_odd ou_d_odd]odd_od_(w _if V 3; [C odd ou odd]odd_od_(w _if V 3; [L_d d_]_od_(w _if u_ u_ 3; [L ]_od_(w _if 3; [L_d_odd _d_odd]odd_od_(w _if u_ u_ 3;
[L odd odd]odd_od_(w _if 3; %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- % Clcul h p of h coupld icoip li i boh od % d odd od _ff_c_d_/c ; _ff_oddc_d_odd/c odd; u_ff_l_d_/l ; u_ff_oddl_d_odd/l odd; % b_*pi*f*q(l_d_*c_d_; b_odd*pi*f*q(l_d_odd*c_d_odd; Zc_q(L_d_/C_d_; Zc_oddq(L_d_odd/C_d_odd; _b_/(*pi*f*v; _oddb_odd/(*pi*f*v; _d d_*_/; _d_odd_d_odd*_odd/; [P blow ]Pow_( _if N_ ou_d d_ u_ u_; % Clcul h pow fo od which i ud o oli h couplig coffici. [P_odd_blow _odd _odd]pow_odd( _if N_odd ou_d_odd _d_odd
u_ u_; % Clcul h pow fo odd od which i ud o oli h couplig coffici. [P bo]pow_i_( _if N_ ou_d d_ u_ u_; % Clcul h pow i h i gio fo od; [P_odd_bo]Pow_i_odd( _if N_odd ou_d_odd _d_odd u_ u_; % Clcul h pow i h i gio fo odd od; P_P blowp bo; P_oddP_odd_blowP_odd_bo; [Couplig_coffici ]C_C(_d d_odd u_ u_ u_ i(n_ N_odd f P_ P_odd; Opiu_lghpi//Couplig_coffici; Couplig_coffici Opiu_lgh fucio [C_d ou_d]_od(w _if V 3 /(36*pi*-9; u*pi*-7; N3; % N i h ol pld poi wll h od of h li quio goup _d-:(-/-w/:-(/w-(-/-w/;
ou_do(; fo : fo :N G_d( co((-*pi*_d(/; d d _d-(/w:w/:-/; _dv*o( ; fo : G_d( (-_if*//((-_if*-; fo :N G_d( co((-*pi*_d(///((-*pi/*(/h((-*pi*/; d d 3_d-///3://3:; ou3_do(3 ; fo :3 fo :N G3_d( co((-*pi*3_d(/; d 3
d B_d[ou_d; _d; ou3_d]; G_d[G_d; G_d; G3_d]; ou_dg_d\b_d; Q_dou_d(*; C_dQ_d/V; fucio [L_d _d]_od(w _if u_ u_ 3 /(36*pi*-9; u*pi*-7; N3; % N i h ol pld poi wll h od of h li quio goup _d-:(-/-w/:-(/w-(-/-w/; _do(; fo : fo :N G_d( co((-*pi*_d(/; d d _d-(/w:w/:-/; _d*o( ;
fo : G_d( (-_if**u/((-_if/u_-; fo :N G_d( co((-*pi*_d(/*u/((-*pi/*(/h((-*pi**q(u_/u_//q (u_*u_; d d 3_d-///3://3:; 3_do(3 ; fo :3 fo :N G3_d( co((-*pi*3_d(/; d d B_d[_d; _d; 3_d]; G_d[G_d; G_d; G3_d]; _dg_d\b_d; _d_d(*; L_d/_d; 5
fucio [C_d ou_d]odd_od(w _if V 3 /(36*pi*-9; u*pi*-7; N3-; % N i h ol pld poi wll h od of h li quio goup %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- % Clcul h chg di of h coupld icoip li o h % ub wih _d-(-/-w/:(-/-w/:-(/w-(-/-w/; ou_do(-; fo :- fo :N G_d( i(*pi*_d(/; d d _d-(/w:w/:-/; _dv*o( ; fo : fo :N G_d( i(*pi*_d(///(*pi/*(/h(*pi*/; d 6
d 3_d-///3://3:-//3; ou3_do(3- ; fo :3- fo :N G3_d( i(*pi*3_d(/; d d B_d[ou_d; _d; ou3_d]; G_d[G_d; G_d; G3_d]; ou_dg_d\b_d; Q_d; fo ::N-(N Q_dQ_d-ou_d(**//pi; d C_dQ_d/V; fucio [L_d _d]odd_od(w _if u_ u_ 3 /(36*pi*-9; u*pi*-7; N3-; % N i h ol pld poi wll h od of h li 7
quio goup %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- % Clcul h chg di of h coupld icoip li o h % ub wih _d-(-/-w/:(-/-w/:-(/w-(-/-w/; _do(-; fo :- fo :N G_d( i(*pi*_d(/; d d _d-(/w:w/:-/; _d*o( ; fo : fo :N G_d( i(*pi*_d(/*u/(*pi/*(/h(*pi**q(u_/u_//q(u_*u_ ; d d 3_d-///3://3:-//3; 8
3_do(3- ; fo :3- fo :N G3_d( i(*pi*3_d(/; d d B_d[_d; _d; 3_d]; G_d[G_d; G_d; G3_d]; _dg_d\b_d; _d; fo ::N-(N _d_d-_d(**//pi; d L_d/_d; fucio [P ]Pow_( _if N ou u_ u_ u*pi*-7; /(36*pi*-9; Pou(*(-_if//((-_if*-; Ph(*(-_if/(-_if-u_*; PP*Ph**; 9
PP; fo :N- u*pi*(q(u_/u_/; u*pi*(-q(u_/u_/; ih(u*/u; if u_ ~ u_ ih(u*/u; lif u_ u_ ; d 3ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; q(u_*u_*ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/(*pi**q(u_/u_/ ; u(q(u_/u_*-(q(u_/u_-*; d3*; PPou(*(*//*u/d; d ; fo :N- u*pi*(q(u_/u_/; u*pi*(-q(u_/u_/;
ih(u*/u; if u_ ~ u_ ih(u*/u; lif u_ u_ ; d 3ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; q(u_*u_*ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/(*pi**q(u_/u_/ ; u-; d3*; ou(*(**q(u_/u_//*u/d; d -ou(*(-_if//((-_if*-; h(*(-_if/(-_if-u_*; *h***; fo :N- u*pi*(q(u_/u_/; u*pi*(-q(u_/u_/; ih(u*/u; if u_ ~ u_
ih(u*/u; lif u_ u_ ; d 3ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; q(u_*u_*ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/(*pi**q(u_/u_/ ; u; d3*; -ou(*(*//*u/d; d fucio [P ]Pow_odd( _if N ou u_ u_ u*pi*-7; /(36*pi*-9; P; fo :N u*pi*(q(u_/u_/; u*pi*(-q(u_/u_/; ih(u*/u; if u_ ~ u_
ih(u*/u; lif u_ u_ ; d 3ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; u_*ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/q(u_/u_*(*pi**q(u_/u _/; u(q(u_/u_*-(-q(u_/u_*; d3**; PPou(*(*/*u/d; d ; fo :N u*pi*(q(u_/u_/; u*pi*(-q(u_/u_/; ih(u*/u; if u_ ~ u_ ih(u*/u; lif u_ u_ ; d 3
3ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; u_*ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/q(u_/u_*(*pi**q(u_/u _/; u-; d*3*; ou(*(*/*u/d; d ; fo :N u*pi*(q(u_/u_/; u*pi*(-q(u_/u_/; ih(u*/u; if u_ ~u_ ih(u*/u; lif u_ u_ ; d 3ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; q(u_*u_*ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/(*pi**q(u_/u_/ ; u;
d*3*; -ou(*(*/*u/d; d fucio [P ]Pow_i_( _if N ou u_ u_ u*pi*-7; /(36*pi*-9; P*(_if-*^*ou(*(; P(-_if*-; P3(-_if/u_-; PP//P/P3; PP; fo :N- ou(*(*^/(**pi*; ih(*pi*/; 3ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/; -p(-**pi*(_if-/; Nu**3*; 5ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; 6ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/(*pi**q(u_/u_//q(u_*u_; D5*6; 5
PPNu/D; d fucio [P]Pow_i_odd( _if N ou u_ u_ u*pi*-7; /(36*pi*-9; P; fo :N ^*ou(*(/(**pi*; ih(*pi*/; 3ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/; -p(-**pi*(_if-/; Nu**3*; 5ih(*pi*/*(*pi*/; 6ih(*pi**q(u_/u_/(*pi**q(u_/u_//q(u_*u_; D5*6; PPNu/D; d fucio [Couplig_coffici ]C_C(_d d_odd u_ u_ u_ N f P_ P_odd 6
k*pi*f/38; _*pi; ; fo :N -^*_d_(*_d_odd(//pi; /p(-**pi*q(u_/u_*//-p(-**pi*q(u_/u_*/; 3(q(u_*u_*(-p(-**pi**q(u_/u_/(p(-**pi**q( u_/u_/^; */3; d Couplig_cofficik*_*u_*/(*q(P_*P_odd; % Rb h i h pp " O h od Couplig i Logiudill gid Wguidig Sucu" P ud o olid h couplig coffici i fou i h poig g. *; 7
Rfc [] B. L d K.. Buo icow Fi d Figic. Nw Yok: cgw-ill 96. [] W.. o ulock d C.. F Li Fi Dic fo icow pplicio. Nw Yok: cdic 968. [3]. l Nocipocl icow ucio d Ciculo. Nw Yok: Wil 975. [] D. K. Likh icow Ciculo Dig: ch ou c. 989. [5]. F. Schlo Ciculo fo icow d illi-w igd cicui Poc. ol. 76 pp. 88 Fb. 988. [6] L.. Di d D. B. Sill illiic ocipocl coupld-lo fi-li copo T icow ho Tch. ol. TT-3 pp.8-88 ul 986. [7]. u d. oowki O h od couplig i logiudill gid wguid ucu T. icow Tho Tch. ol. 37 pp. 59-6. 989 [8]. u d. oowki Nocipocl opio of ucu copiig cio of coupld fi li wih logiudil giio dicio T. icow Tho Tch. ol. 37 pp. -9 ul 989. [9] D. cu Coupld-od ho fo ioopic opicl guid Bll S. Tch.. ol. 5 pp. 985-995 973. 8
[]. wi d T. oh Coupld-od ho li of diibud ocipocl ucu T. icow Tho Tch. ol. TT-9 pp. 77-86 Oc. 98. [] C. S. Toh d L.. Di Nol-od li of fi-coupld li uig icoip d loli T. icow Tho Tch. ol. 3 pp. 99-998 Dc. 995. [] C. S. Toh d L.. Di Nol-od li of fi-coupld li uig icoip d loli i TT-S. icow Sp. Dig. Oldo FL 5-9 995 pp.99-. [3] C. K. Quck d L.. Di Slf-bid hgol fi coupld li ciculo LCTRONCS LTTRS 3 h Oc. 3 Vol. 39 No. [] Rob. Colli Foudio fo icow giig d d. cgw-hill c 99 [5] L.. Di K. Xi "Dig d u of Fi Coupld Li Ciculo" i TT-S Dig 999 pp.53-56. [6] Schlo. l. piil F fil o G fo hbid icoduco-gic o oi. ppl. Ph. 63 3 (988. [7] Bio Ku l. " Tubl high-fquc bd-op gic fil" ppl. Ph. L. 83 3969 (3. [8] W. Wu l. Fbicio of fogic/icoduco icow ucu d pplicio o icow bdop fil. Vc. Sc. Tch. 9 758 ( 9
[9].W. Wg l. "gd l gic fil coupld li ciculo fo oolihic icow igd cicui" lcoic l 3 9-5(7