Jacinta C. Conrad University of Houston Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering CHEE 1131 Fall 2015 1 Shepherd, Conrad, Lewis, et al., Langmuir 22, 8618 8622 (2006)
A Viscosity μ [mass/length-time] Density ρ [mass/length 3 ] 2
Large length scales L Fast V Turbulent inertial force viscous force 3 = ρvl µ
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Flow examples in plants (unit operations) Combination system - Separation - - - - 5
lab-on-a-chip devices allows unit et al. Science 202, 400 (1998) 6
MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES Micropumps/ valves/ flow sensors Microfilters/ microreactors Nanotechnology/ Nanodevices? Microneedles Microanalysis systems 1Å 1nm 1 m 1mm 1m Length scale 1 al 1 fl 1 pl 1 nl 1 L 1 ml 1 L 1000 L Volume scale Molecules Smoke particles OTHER OBJECTS Viruses Bacteria Human hair Man Conventional fluidic devices Nguyen and Wereley,, 2nd ed. (2006) 7
%2E6C:2=D 7@C >:4C@VF:5:4D 6=2DE@>6CD -885 +&62 78&8.(?.(06 (42 %() * ' %= /5, 5G2?E286D N Easy to prototype and replicate (via soft lithography) N Cheap materials (polydimethylsiloxane, commercially available) :D25G2?E286D N Flexible and deformable (poor for high-pressure applications) N Poor resistance to organic solvents 8
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inertial force viscous force = ρvl µ Physical meaning 10
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inertial force viscous force = ρvl µ Physical meaning time to diffuse time to convect = VL D 0 Physical meaning designs 12
Key idea 13 Melin et al., Lab Chip, 214-219 (2004)
Key idea Schwesinger et al., J. Micromech. Microeng. 6, 99-102 (102) et al., Anal. Chem., 5340-5347 (1999) 14
Key idea a b c Therriault et al., Nat. Mater. 2, 265-271 (2003) 15
Key idea et al., Science, 647-651 (2002) 16
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Key idea A A on-off B on-off C peristaltic pump D valve grid mold flat substrate E switching valve F 18 Unger et al., Science 113-116 (2000)
Key idea passive valve actuated valve Terray et al., Science, 1841-1844 (2002) 19
Key idea et al., Anal. Chem. 4913-4918 (2002) 20
Key idea 21 Thorsen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 4163-4166 (2001)
Key idea Anna et al., Anal. Chem. 4913-4918 (2002) 22
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Key idea Tice et al., Langmuir 9127-9133 (2003) 24
Key idea Utada et al., Science 537-541 (2005) 25 Chu et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8970-8974 (2007)
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Key idea Sample input a PMT Filter (525/40) 488-nm laser Buffer Buffer IR laser AOM Sheath reservoir Microfluidic cartridge Analysis region Optical switch Photodiode Filter (488/10) Output wells Sample input b c Waste Collection Wang et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 83-87 (2005) 27
Key idea Huang et al., Science 987-990 (2004) 28
Separation of parasites from blood Holm et al., Lab Chip, 1326-1332 (2011) 29
Key idea Cho et al., Anal. Chem. 1671-1675 (2003) 30
*6A2C2E:@? 5:DE:==2E:@? Key idea DE23=:D9 G2A@C =:BF:5 6BF:=:3C:F> :? D68>6?E65 V@H 2?5 D6A2C2E6 vapor using capillary forces Hartman et al., Lab Chip, 1843-1849 (2009) 31
Key idea ratio, reducing diffusion distances, and enhance heat and mass transfer Ahmed et al., Adv. Synth. Catal. 1043-1048 (2006) 32
Key idea Text J. Am. Chem. Soc. 14613-14619 (2003) 33
Key idea mixing on nucleation of protein crystals Chen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 9672-9673 (2005) 34
Key idea Khan et al., Langmuir 20 8604-8611 (2004) 35
Key idea microtubules Khan et al., Lab Chip 576-580 (2004) 36
Key idea rates through a surface Jeon et al., Langmuir 8311-8316 (2000) 37
Chemical synthesis - Especially for high-value components Controlled release - Pharmaceuticals - Cosmetics Biotechnology - Genomics and sequencing - Biodetection - Directed evolution Models of biological processes - Microvasculature and veination - Chemotaxis and chemical response 38
Key idea Kim et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 8825-8835 (2007) 39
Key idea yield (38%) and purity (97.6%) Dramatic increase in time (14 min vs 50 min) 40 Lee et al., Science, 1793-1797 (2005)
pharmaceutical or cosmetic formulation Key idea Kim et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 15165-15171 (2011) 41
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higher catalytic activity Key idea Agresti et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 4004-4009 (2010) faster) cheaper) 43
bloodstreams for cancer detection and monitoring Key idea Cancer cells detected at ~400 CTCs/mL 44 Stott et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 18392-18397 (2010)
angiogenesis and thrombosis Key idea Zheng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 9342-9347 (2012) 45
without sample contamination Key idea and sequence whole genomes 46 Leung et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 7665-7670 (2012)
Challenges Scale-up - operations - 2-d to 3-d layouts - - 47
Summary of lecture - Exceptional control over reactions and mixing - Naturally achieves continuous production - Specialty chemicals and high-value chemicals - Hard-to-produce molecules (especially biomolecules) - - - Opportunities abound for chemical and biomolecular engineers 48