SnO 2. Research Progress in the Preparation Modification and Aplication of Ti-based SnO 2. Electrode. LI Xiaoliang XU Hao YAN Wei SHAO Dan

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1 16 May Plating and Finishing Vol. 38 No. 5 Serial No. 278 doi /j. issn SnO SnO 2 SnO 2 SnO A Research Progress in the Preparation Modification and Aplication of Ti-based SnO 2 Electrode LI Xiaoliang XU Hao YAN Wei SHAO Dan Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Abstract As a typical electrocatalysis electrode Ti-based SnO 2 electrode has many advantages compared with the traditional electrodes therefore it is applied in many electrochemical water treatments. But it also still has some disadvantages such as shorter electrode life poor stability and so on which limit its wider application being limited. In this paper the properties preparation methods modification technologies and application in organic waste water treatments of the Ti-basedSnO 2 electrode were summarized the disadvantages of the electrode and further improvement direction were also discussed. Keyword Ti-based SnO 2 electrode preparation modification organic waste water

2 Beer DSA dimensional stable anode Sb Sn DSA ~ RuO 15 2 IrO 16 2 SnO 17 2 PbO 18 2 MnO 19 2 Sn Sb 25 DSA SnO 2 20 SnO /012 9: SnO 2 n Sn Sb SnCl 3. 6 ev 2 SbCl 3 Sb Ru Ir Sb SnO 2 Sb 1. 2 Sb SnO 2 - Sb SnO Sb Sb SnO 2 DSAs !"#$ %&2!"/ ( )*3 ;<=>3~6 10~20? +,4 SnO 2 SnO Sb Sn 1. 5% ~ 15. 0% 28 SnCl 4 SbCl 3 23 Sb SnO 2 - SnO 2 SnO 2 SnO SnCl 2 2H 2 O SbCl 3

3 18 May Plating and Finishing Vol. 38 No. 5 Serial No SnO Gd Ti /SnO 2 ph Yao P SnO 2 Gd 2 O 3 33 SnCl 4 H 2 O 550 SnO Yao P Ti /Sb-SnO ~ 9. 0 μm Xu H 35 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Wu Tao 31 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Sb SnO 2-15 h Huang A S 36 Sb Ti /SnO V vs SCE Xu H 37 - Ti /Sb-SnO 2 G Chen Y 32 TiO 2 -NTs /SnO 2 -Sb Sb Ti /SnO 2 3 G TiO 2 -NTs /SnO 2 -Sb SnO 2 Ti /SnO 2 1 SnO 2 1 SnO 2 - -

4 Sb SnO V Shao D 40 TiO 2 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 TiH x Ti /TiH x /Sb-SnO 2 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Ti /TiH x /Sb-SnO 2 TiH x Ti /Sb-SnO G 2 3 Ti Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Qin X 41 Sb-SnO 2 Ti IrO Ti /IrO 2 -SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 IrO h Pt Ru Ir Chen X 42 RuO 2 Sb SnO 2 Ti /RuO 2 -SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 3 mol /L H 2 SO h Xu H 38 Ru La Ti /Sb-SnO Ti Ti Ti Ti /SnO 2 -Sb Ti /SnO 2 -Sb-Ru Ti /SnO 2 -Sb-La h Zhao G 43 Ti Wu W 39 PTFE TiO 2 SnO 2 Sb-SnO 2 Sb SnO V vs. Ag AgCl TiO 2 -NTs /SnO 2 HO PTFE Ti Sb SnO TiO 2 -NTs /SnO 2 Sb-SnO 2 Ti TiO 2 Sb SnO Ti /SnO Ti

5 20 May Plating and Finishing Vol. 38 No. 5 Serial No. 278 Shao D 47 Ti /SnO 2 Ti /PbO 2 6 DSA Ti /SnO COD Ti /PbO 2 MO x OH OH Cui Y H 48 Ce Gd Eu MO x OH Ti /Sb-SnO 2 9 OH 3 6 MO x + 1 Gd Eu SnO Ti /Cu-NRs /SnO 2 -Sb R + MO x OH CO 2 + H + + e - + MO x 1 R + MO x + 1 RO + MO x 2 3 SnO 2 OH 6 46 Cl - HOCl OCl - Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Ti 2. 2 Ti /SnO 2 Ru Ir Ti /SnO 2 DSAs Ce SnO 2 Ti /Sb-SnO 2 Ti /Gd-Sb-SnO 2 Ti /Eu-Sb-SnO 2 15% ~ 90% 14% ~ 123% Xu L 49 - Cu Ti /SnO 2 -Sb Ti /Cu-NRs /SnO 2 -Sb AR V vs. Ag AgCl Cu AR73 3 h 77% Ti /SnO 2 -Sb 24. 5%

6 Wu W Huang Z-H Lim T-T. Recent development of mixed metal oxide anodes for electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in water J. Applied Catalysis A General Khataee A Akbarpour A Vahid B. Photoassisted electro- 1 Fornazari A L T Malpass G R P Miwa D W et al. Appli- chemical degradation of an azo dye using Ti /RuO 2 anode cation of Electrochemical Degradation of Wastewater Composed of Mixtures of Phenol-Formaldehyde J. Water J. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engi- and carbon nanotubes containing gas-diffusion cathode Air &Soil Pollution Forgacs E Cserháti T Oros G. Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters a review J. Environment International Jin Q Hu Z Jin Z et al. Biodegradation of aniline in an alkaline environment by a novel strain of the halophilic bacterium Dietzia natronolimnaea JQ-AN J. Bioresource technology Martínez-Huitle C A Brillas E. Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods A general review J. Applied Catalysis B Environmental Panizza M Cerisola G. Direct and mediated anodic oxidation of organic pollutants J. Chemical Reviews 2009 neers Chatzisymeon E Dimou A Mantzavinos D et al. Electrochemical oxidation of model compounds and olive mill wastewater over DSA electrodes 1. The case of Ti /IrO 2 anode J. Journal of hazardous materials Yang B Jiang C Yu G et al. Highly efficient electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA by F-doped Ti /SnO 2 electrode J. Journal of hazardous materials Zhang Q Guo X Cao X et al. Facile preparation of a Ti / α-pbo 2 /β-pbo 2 electrode for the electrochemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol J. Chinese Journal of Catalysis SbO x + SnO 2 6 Martinez-Huitle C A Ferro S. Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for the wastewater treatment direct and indirect processes J. Chemical Society reviews Chen G. Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment J. Separation and Purification Technology Ti /MnO 2 J Niu J Maharana D Xu J et al. A high activity of Ti / SnO 2 -Sb electrode in the electrochemical degradation of 2 4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution J. Journal of Environmental Sciences Sb SnO 2 8. J. J Gd SnO 2 J Liu Y Liu H. Comparative studies on the electrocatalytic J properties of modified PbO 2 anodes J. Electrochimica 23 Kong J-T Shi S-Y Zhu X-P et al. Effect of Sb dopant a- Acta Li XY Cui YH Feng YJ et al. Reaction pathways and mechanisms of the electrochemical degradation of phenol on different electrodes J. Water Research mount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti /Sb-SnO 2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol J. Journal of Environmental Sciences J J J J

7 22 May Plating and Finishing Vol. 38 No. 5 Serial No Grimm J H BDG Simon U Sanderson R D. Characterization of doped tin dioxide anodes prepared by a sol ± gel technique and their application in an SPE-reactor J. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Seo M Akutsu Y Kagemoto H. Preparation and properties of Sb-doped SnO 2 /metal substrates by sol-gel and dip coating J. Ceramics International SnO 2 Sb-SnO 2 Anode Preparation Characterization and Appli- J. cation J. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Re SnO 2 J Gd SnO 2 J. 42 Chen X Chen G. Stable Ti /RuO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 -SnO Wu Tao Zhao Guohua Lei Yanzhu et al. Distinctive Tin Dioxide Anode Fabricated by Pulse Electrodeposition High Oxygen Evolution Potential and Efficient Electrochemical Degradation of Fluorobenzene J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C Chen Y Hong L Xue H M et al. Preparation and characterization of TiO 2 -NTs /SnO 2 -Sb electrodes by electrodeposition J. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry Yao P Chen X Wu H et al. Active Ti /SnO 2 anodes for pollutants oxidation prepared using chemical vapor deposition J. Surface and Coatings Technology Yao P. Effects of Sb doping level on the properties of Ti / SnO 2 -Sb electrodes prepared using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis J. Desalination Xu H Yan W Tang C L. A novel method to prepare metal oxide electrode Spin-coating with thermal decomposition J. Chinese Chemical Letters Huang A S Zhao G H Li H X. High quality Sb-doped SnO 2 electrodes with high oxygen evolution potential prepared by in situ hydrothermal synthesis method J. Chinese Chemical Letters Xu H Tang C-L Zhang Q et al. A Microwave Approach to the Preparation of Sb-doped SnO 2 Electrode J. Journal of Inorganic Materials Xu H Li A Qi Q et al. Electrochemical degradation of phenol on the La and Ru doped Ti /SnO 2 -Sb electrodes J. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Wu W Huang Z-H Lim T-T. Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol using a hydrophobic TiO 2 -NTs / SnO 2 -Sb-PTFE electrode prepared by pulse electrodeposition J. RSC Adv Shao D Yan W Li X et al. A Highly Stable Ti /TiH x / search Sb Ti / 41 Qin X Gao F Chen G. Effects of the geometry and operating temperature on the stability of Ti /IrO 2 -SnO 2 - Sb 2 O 5 electrodes for O 2 evolution J. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry electrodes for O evolution J. Electrochimica Acta Zhao G Cui X Liu M et al. Electrochemical Degradation of Refractory Pollutant Using a Novel Microstructured TiO 2 Nanotubes /Sb-Doped SnO 2 Electrode J. Environmental science & technology Comninellis C. Electrocatalysis in the electrochemical conversion _ combustion of organic pollutants for waste water treatment J. Electrochimica Acta Subba Rao A N Venkatarangaiah V T. Metal oxide-coated anodes in wastewater treatment J. Environmental science and pollution research international Scialdone O Randazzo S Galia A et al. Electrochemical oxidation of organics in water role of operative parameters in the absence and in the presence of NaCl J. Water Res Shao D Liang J Cui X et al. Electrochemical oxidation of lignin by two typical electrodes Ti /SbSnO 2 and Ti / PbO 2 J. Chemical Engineering Journal Cui Y H Feng Y J Liu J et al. Comparison of various organic compounds destruction on rare earths doped Ti / Sb-SnO 2 electrodes J. Journal of hazardous materials Xu L Li M Xu W. Preparation and characterization of Ti /SnO 2 -Sb electrode with copper nanorods for AR 73 removal J. Electrochimica Acta

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